アジア・中東・アフリカ・ラテンアメリカ・オセアニア — 全 下位分類

This book reveals how the 19th Century modernisation of Bogota led to a transformation in the social role of plants - showing how this city located in the high altitudes of the tropical Andes turned into a 'floristic island' formed by native, introduce, wild and cultivated plants.

Urbanisation is one of the main forces behind biodiversity loss. Paradoxically, the expansion of cities has made urban environment spaces with a greater numbers of plant species compared to their surrounding areas. Planting a City in the Tropical Andes takes a multidisciplinary approach to shed light on the cultural and ecological mechanisms that have transformed modern cities into what can be described as 'floristic islands'. By drawing upon a wide array of historical sources, this book explains how the 19th-century modernization of Bogota (Colombia), led to the replacement of traditional botanical practices with technical knowledge, which in turn endowed the city with a unique floristic inventory. Through a unique botanical perspective on Latin American urban history, this book uncovers how capitalist dynamics in Bogota transformed plants into providers of clean air and water and their use in the urban landscape contributed to the cultivation of disciplined citizenry. Placing plants at the forefront of its narrative, the book offers an original contribution to the underexplored history of horticulture in tropical Latin America. It serves as a compelling example of how the creative and conflicting forces of the Anthropocene have forged new environments and previously unseen relationships between people and plants.

This volume will be of great use to scholars and students interested in social history, urban environmental histories and cultural history.

"Regional cooperation exists, but looks different in the global South than in the European Union," claim the contributors to South American Policy Regionalism, which offers novel theory, methods, and Latin American case studies of joint governance efforts in nine international policy arenas, ranging from illegal drugs to artificial intelligence.

Contrasting three major schools of thought in international relations (highlighting power, institutions, and ideas), this book introduces the idea of international policy regionalism as a framework for informed debate about international policy-sector interactions in a regional space. Beginning with a conceptual approach applicable to any world region, it includes a brief history of Western Hemisphere regionalism to aid in future cross-regional comparisons. An international group of contributors constructs rich narratives of the politics of Latin American policy sector evolution since the Cold War. Besides the aforementioned, included sectors span regional development banking, infrastructure planning, electricity distribution, migration governance, climate action, neglected tropical diseases, and food policies.

This volume equips readers from various academic disciplines and the policy world to understand the relevance of core international relations theory for the analysis of policy sectors that cross national borders, both within Latin America and elsewhere, and especially throughout the global South.

What is design in modern China? And what are the ecological stakes in understanding how modern Chinese design encourages us to see? This book takes up these questions though exploration into the work of three famous designers who were actively engaged with the natural sciences in early twentieth-century Shanghai, Canton, and Beijing.

The designed objects asking for heightened vision into interior and exterior worlds make their way across temporal and cultural boundaries. This book, then, is also about that movement, and the emotions of the eye which support it. Porcelain dishes, textiles, magazine covers, and paintings moved the people who lived with them a century ago in China to an awareness of their edges, rims, borders as boundary lines, and to see things through those in-between forms from a new point of view; to share pleasure in colour and pattern, perhaps, but also to connect to other deeply transformative feelings at the boundary.

The book will be of interest to scholars working in design history, art history, and Chinese studies.

This book provides a detailed introduction to the study of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips, explaining the preservation and analysis of the artifacts and their significance in historical research of the pre-Qin period.

The Tsinghua Bamboo Slips are a collection of Chinese texts inscribed on approximately 2,500 bamboo slips. They were excavated from a Warring States Period tomb and are now preserved at Tsinghua University. The book delves into the traditions and discoveries of bamboo manuscripts in China and discusses the preservation and research of the slips, covering the procedures of artifact processing, authentication, digitization, editing, and interpretation. The manuscripts are remarkable for their quantity, period of creation, and distinctive content coverage. They contain important historical documents that differ from or are missing from the extant literature. The analysis of these texts helps to unravel some of the unresolved mysteries in pre-Qin historical studies and illuminates scientific achievements of ancient China previously unknown to the world.

This book is essential reading for scholars and students of Chinese studies, pre-Qin history, and early literacy. It will also appeal to general readers interested in ancient Chinese history and culture.

This innovative Routledge Handbook sheds light on the complex and transformative nature of Global China, prompting a re- evaluation of existing theories on global and regional dynamics. It encourages theoretical innovation, methodological reflection and analytical transformation, providing new avenues for critical engagement with China's global interactions. The chapters propose three key commitments for the study of Global China: Advocating for diverse viewpoints and non- binary frameworks, employing nuanced analysis to understand Beijing's transnational relations and utilizing alternative methodological approaches to explore different trajectories for China in international affairs.

The Handbook also identifies and avoids epistemic traps that hinder the understanding of Global China, such as othering and strategic narcissism. It suggests five analytical frameworks related to relationality, global capitalist processes, language and discourse power, planetary- scale modernization and experimentalism to guide future research. By adopting these frameworks, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the multifaceted factors shaping Global China within the broader global context of cooperation, competition and crisis.

Introduction, Chapter 21, and Epilogue of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.

This book discusses how the USA has launched a new cold war against China.

Showing how this New Cold War can only be fully understood by analysing the long-run history of the East and the West, and the fundamental differences between the Old and the New Cold Wars, this book outlines how the New Cold War focuses on issues connected with China's territorial integrity: Xinjiang, the South China Sea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the closely connected conflict over semiconductors. It analyses the way in which China has responded to US-led Western aggression by following the approach suggested by Confucius: instead of 'returning aggression with kindness' or 'returning aggression with aggression', China has 'returned aggression with firmness'. The book argues that the United States' effort to establish hegemony over Eurasia has failed and that, in the face of this reality, there is no choice for the USA other than to cooperate with China in order to resolve the existential issues facing the human species.

Demonstrating how US-led aggression has been rendered ineffective, this book will be a valuable resource to students and scholars of international relations and politics, including those in both China and the USA.

This book provides an overview of China's distinctive community governance, examining its 2000-year history and describing its recent development under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

The book presents new insights into community governance in China. It explores the historical genesis of community governance in imperial China, providing a link that helps to understand the relationship between ancient and modern community governance. By explaining the practical differences between "centralised governance" and "networked governance" in these contexts, it moves away from the myth of Toenniesian community and dissects the conceptual differences between Chinese and Western communities. This book is unique in its focus on the economic structure that underlies community governance and its identification of the root cause. It also investigates China's "poli-community" and the relationship between the state, society, and the family. Finally, the book proposes a potential approach for transitioning from a binary opposition between the state and society to a new mechanism of "state-created society" and building "associated communities".

This volume will be a valuable reference for scholars and students of Chinese politics, public management, and sociology, as well as for practitioners of community governance.

This book examines science and technology policies in China over time and explores the development of scholarly communication through the lens of the political economy of communication.

Despite political censorship and restrictions on the production of academic knowledge in China, the number of scholarly publications has skyrocketed over the past 20 years. By explaining these seemingly contradictory phenomena, this study provides insight into the complex landscape of scholarly communication in China, shaped by the government in collaboration with commercial publishers. The book examines the dynamic relationship between the state and the market, including their key players, which determines the production and dissemination of academic knowledge. From a political economy perspective, it investigates how the academic governance complex, a system that intertwines communication, politics, and economics, has been established in China. It then discusses the impact of this system on the production of academic knowledge in the country.

The title will serve as a key reference for academics, researchers, and students interested in the intersection of communication studies, librarianship, and political science, particularly those focusing on China's academic knowledge production and scholarly communication.

Chapter 1 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

This book examines the dynamic between citizens' trust and good governance using the case study of Bangladesh.

The chapters provide in-depth insights into the challenges and opportunities unique to local governance in Bangladesh. Through a comprehensive exploration, the book scrutinizes the performance evaluation of City Corporations, dissecting their role in ensuring quality service delivery within Local Government Institutions (LGIs). The focal point of this inquiry lies in the factors that shape and impact citizens' trust in two specific entities: the Cumilla City Corporation and the Chattogram City Corporation. Ultimately, the book underscores the necessity for a revamped organizational framework within City Corporations, advocating for a modernized structure, streamlined chain of command, and a conducive work environment. By melding insights into trust, governance, and structural reform, the book sheds light on the pivotal relationship between empowered citizens, well-functioning LGIs, and the imperative of effective urban management.

A valuable and significant contribution to the subject of LGIs and their role in fostering citizens' trust, this book will be of interest to researchers in the fields of political science, public administration, governance studies, development studies, and urban studies, as well as local government administration and civic engagement and governance.

Dilemma in Politics underlines the major faults and fissures in the academic discourses around the themes emphasizing upon the prevalence of dichotomy between 'what ought to be' and 'what is' in the political sphere.

How do political values get marginalized, if not compromised, in the name of ideological conflicts and alliances? This book highlights this dilemma across a range of themes which explore the gaps in the practice and the praxis of politics. The chapters in this volume present detailed analytical perspective on issues concerning environment, female empowerment and feminist discourses and identity-based politics and its limitations, among various other key themes. Further, it analyses the concept of rights in the neoliberal democratic context, caste and class politics and its inherent dilemmas, and it also illustrates the gaps in the political discourses to discussion on possible alternatives or solutions.

With contributions by eminent political scientists working on Indian politics, this book would be an invaluable resource for scholars and researchers of political science, political philosophy, public administration, governance, public policy, political participation, democracy and South Asia studies, and will be of interest to bureaucrats, policymakers and the general reader.

Focusing on the unique story of the "recolonisation" of Hong Kong since 2019, this book describes the environment of news gathering and publishing during this period and studies how this has connected to wider political, economic, and social changes.

Media, Internet and Social Movements in Hong Kong considers the operation of the news media in this divided region to illuminate the unparalleled experience of the transfer of sovereignty of the territory from a liberal democracy to a semi-authoritarian regime. This book examines key aspects of news production that constrain media freedom in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) including the routines and concrete cases of censorship exercised by state authorities; self-censorship by news organisations, and the roles of the Chinese and HKSAR governments as key sources of news. The authors also discuss the norms and values of journalists and citizens in Hong Kong as forces resisting control as well as the popular use of social media in mobilising anti-government protests.

This compelling text will be of interest to students and scholars in the fields of journalism, media, and area studies, particularly those focusing on Greater China and the Asia-Pacific region.

This book situates the nuanced intervention of the Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa within the international conjuncture of anti-colonial thought and decolonization. It argues that the Black Consciousness Movement, in addition to its urgent political focus, should also be read as a philosophical intervention on the problem of Man that haunts the idea of race. As Steve Biko once famously said, apartheid will end; the real question is what comes after apartheid.

Maurits van Bever Donker argues that the Black Consciousness Movement found intellectual and conceptual allies in the writings of Frantz Fanon and Aime Cesaire, tracing the problem of race as foundational to what is called 'the script of Man' and, in the process, inventing the possibility of a new sense of Man, one with 'a more human face'. While the work of figures like Biko, Fanon and Cesaire tends to be read as discrete political texts in a broader field of negritude and radical black thought, Texturing Difference explores what becomes possible when this network of texts is read from the perspective of South Africa. This intervention has significance, not only for how race is approached and understood in South Africa, but for the global workings of race in our time.

Europa's comprehensive survey of Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia.

General Survey

Leading authorities on the region analyze topics of regional importance.

Country Surveys

Chapters on each country, containing:

- essays on its recent history and economy, and a chronology of events

- an extensive statistical survey of economic indicators

- a comprehensive directory of the most significant political, commercial and cultural institutions

- a bibliography of books concerned with the country's history, politics and economy

- detailed coverage of the self-proclaimed secessionist territories of the region, including chronologies of events.

Who's Who in Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia

- biographical information on more than 150 leading political figures in the region

Regional Information

- a directory of major international organizations and research institutes concerned with the region

- select bibliographies of books and periodicals.

This book considers whether the United States and the People's Republic of China have irreconcilable visions of world order.

The United States, China, and the Competition for Control evaluates the twin claims that China seeks to dismantle the post-World War II international order and that the United States seeks to defend it. It defines the post-war order and examines how the United States and China have behaved within and in relation to it since 1945. An analysis of the two states' rhetoric and policy reveals that their preferences for international order are not as divergent as today's conventional wisdom suggests. The book therefore concludes that U.S. policies that treat China as a threat to international order are misplaced and offers policy recommendations for how the United States can both preserve the post-war order and protect its vital national interests.

The book will be of interest to foreign policy practitioners, commentators, and analysts as well as students and scholars of security studies, international relations, and geopolitics.

Zygmunt Bauman has historically debated the inconsistencies of global capitalism in his different texts and offered a diagnosis of global capitalism based on two main figures: tourists who are privileged agents legally encouraged to move and visit the world and vagabonds who are closely scrutinized and subject to a climate of oppression and immobility.

With a focus on Buenos Aires city, Maximiliano E. Korstanje critically explores the position of marginality and homeless people and how they are located alongside urban tourist resorts or luxury hotels. Offering a lucid diagnosis of the conflictive encounter between people experiencing homelessness and foreign tourists in Buenos Aires City, the chapters examine divergent topics such as poverty tourism, safety-security in tourism, tourism consumption, heritage tourism, and anthropology of tourism.

The Tourism Security-Safety and Post Conflict Destinations series provides an insightful guide for policy makers, specialists and social scientists interested in the future of tourism in a society where uncertainness, anxiety and fear prevail.

This book analyses the development of the rice trade in Asia since 1945.

This book focuses on the three historically important exporters Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam as well as the two key importers Indonesia and the Philippines. The book addresses the impacts of several major transitions during this period on the rice trade in these nations, namely their initial recovery post-war, the political turbulence during and following the independence struggles of these nations and the impact of the Vietnam War. It also tracks the fluctuating impact of the various El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climatic events across the period on harvest and exports, for example, in events such as the rice crisis of 1973-1975.

Using data from the London Rice Brokers' Association Circular to create a detailed narrative of the rice trade, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of Asian history, economic history and economic development in post-war Asia.

Bringing a unique rural lens to the analysis of dark tourism in Australia, this book covers a range of sites including convict museums, sites of serial killings and colonial violence, ghost tours and the emerging tourism of bushfire sites.

While some rural communities develop a 'dark tourism strategy' to maintain economic viability, others may distance themselves from what they perceive to be unethical tourism practices. Jenny Wise examines the roles geographical locations play in dark tourist sites, and how their histories are portrayed, considering how the concept of the rural idyll or dystopia plays a part in Australia's national identity.

What is the 'rule of law'? How do laws get made? Does our legal and political system achieve justice for all Australians equally? Designed for beginners as well as non-law students, this textbook provides a comprehensive and accessible guide to understanding Australia's system of law and government.

Law in Australian Society explains legislation and case law, courts, and the doctrine of precedent. Keiran Hardy examines the roles played by parliaments, politics, and the media. He explains founding principles, including democracy, liberalism, the separation of powers, and federalism. Human rights and justice are highlighted, with an emphasis on First Nations Peoples and the law. The book explains criminal responsibility and the justice system, including police powers and the criminal trial. It concludes with case studies of cybercrime and counterterrorism laws to illustrate law reform in action. This second edition has been fully updated throughout, including recent legislation, cases, and topical issues from Australian law and politics, including from the COVID-19 pandemic and the recent referendum on an Indigenous Voice to Parliament. Each chapter features practical examples, chapter summaries and review questions together with a glossary of key terms.

Concise, accessible and up-to-the-minute, this is a vital guide for anyone seeking to understand Australian law and government.

The second edition is supported by the author's website at www.lawinsociety.com.au.

Latin American Economic History: An Introduction to Daily Life, Debt, and Development guides readers through significant features and developments in the region's economic history from independence through 2022.

In approachable language, the book introduces readers to relevant New Economic History concepts and explains important characteristics of Latin America, such as the region's high volatility, rapid urbanization experience, the continued prominence of commodities, and its culture of informality. The volume provides explicit connections between culture, politics, and economics over five distinct time periods. Readers will learn how Cinco de Mayo featured in foreign debt repayments in the nineteenth century, how novels like Gabriel Garcia Marquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude reflected on the expansion of railroads during a period of export-led growth, and how a United States federal reserve interest hike in 1979 sent the region into the Lost Decade. When considered collectively, the region's economic trajectory demonstrates that development does not always accompany economic growth.

This is an accessible introductory text with clear definitions and discussions of relevant economic concepts, which will be a valuable resource for students of Latin American economic, cultural, and political history.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

This book explores the aesthetic consciousness of the Shang Dynasty and its influence on Chinese aesthetic development and contemporary aesthetic creation.

The Shang Dynasty is the first era in China with authentic historical documentation. Its artifacts and inscriptions have great aesthetic value and serve as vivid and rich records of aesthetic concepts. By examining the production and use of pottery, jade, bronze, and oracle bone inscriptions, the book sheds light on the functions of these creations as media for conveying emotions driven by human nature. By discussing how the Shang script was invented and used, the author explores the significant role it played in the development of the aesthetic consciousness of the Chinese ancients. Based on surviving documents, including the hexagrams in the Book of Changes, the Pan Geng in the Book of Documents, and the Shang Songs in the Book of Songs, he further examines the poetic characteristics of Shang literature, recognizing it as both historically and literarily significant.

The title is essential reading for scholars, students, and general readers interested in Chinese aesthetics, ancient Chinese civilization, culture, and art.

This book presents an analysis of Johannesburg's Kwa Mai Mai market, which was once known to regulars as 'a place of healing' and has experienced numerous changes of significant national transformation over time.

It explores how the Kwa Mai Mai community, formerly a working class of migrants, reversed roles and took control of the means of production from the dominant class. Through their heightened cultural consciousness, this marginalised migrant community reimagined new economic realities and possibilities, forever distancing themselves from their painful, repressive past. This book chronicles the significance of cultural memory and discusses how it can be used as a weapon to not only resist subjugation but also to invoke entrepreneurial and creative spirit.

Written out of the collective observations and interpretations of his ethnographic research spanning four years - Sipho Sithole's 'Maye Maye' is dedicated to marginalised communities and those who, despite operating on the fringes of the economy, have sought to create their own fortune and destiny.

Print edition not for sale in Sub Saharan Africa.

Ullah, Chin, and Hassan provide a comprehensive examination of the transformative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Southeast Asia, examining its effects on the region's economy, social dynamics, mobility patterns and religious practices.

The book examines the profound changes and challenges that the region faced, offering insights into both the immediate responses and the long-term adjustments in these key aspects of Southeast Asian life. An in-depth analysis with a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective on the region's postpandemic landscape offers informed insights into the diverse challenges and opportunities facing Southeast Asia in a rapidly changing world.

This book is an essential reading for academics, researchers and policymakers seeking to gain a nuanced understanding of Southeast Asia's response to the pandemic COVID-19.

Humanitarian Futures: Challenges and Opportunities explores the increasing types, dimensions and dynamics of crises threatening the world in the twenty-first century, and argues that those with humanitarian roles and responsibilities can only meet such challenges if their approaches to strategic and operational planning undergo fundamental paradigmatic shifts. Strategically and operationally, such shifts must begin by planning from the future, for the future.

Author Randolph C. Kent, the UN's first Humanitarian Coordinator, with experience in some of the most complex crises of modern times, including Rwanda, Ethiopia, Kosovo, Sudan and Somalia, provides a blueprint for dealing with ever greater complexity on planet Earth and beyond. That blueprint is not about upgrading existing tools or relying upon tried precedence. Rather, it points to a new paradigm for meeting crises. It begins by looking at the changing nature of humanness and governance, and then turns to plausible future crises based on such changes, before concluding with practical steps for dealing with ever more complex humanitarian threats, now and in the future.

This book will be an essential read for humanitarian policymakers and practitioners as well as for humanitarian and global studies researchers and students who are and want to be engaged in understanding and preparing for ever more complex and unpredictable humanitarian challenges.

This book investigates the reasons why regionalism in East Asia has been much weaker than in Western Europe and North America. It focuses particularly on economic factors, examining the regional and global linkages of production networks.

Through a focused exploration of regional and global production networks, it argues that East Asia was not as regionally concentrated as was Western Europe or North America, lacking a regionally oriented productional basis to support the institutional arrangement of East Asia as a stand-alone economic community. Moreover, the regional production networks of each national economy in the region are influenced by a different set of value-added components from different global and regional origins. This divergence in their positions accounts for the mushrooming of divergent initiatives and projects for regional institutional arrangement. Finally, the institutional choices of the states to join Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CP/TPP) and/or Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) are found to be strongly influenced by the sectoral focuses and priorities of their economies.

Demonstrating how the unique economic factors of each nation override other considerations for greater regional integration, this book will be a valuable resource to students and scholars of international trade, Asian politics and economics.