Trousson, Raymond / Vercruysse, Jeroom (dir.), Dictionnaire general de Voltaire. (Champion classiques, references et dictionnaires 18) 1272 p. 2020:10 (Champion, FR) <670-9>
ISBN 978-2-38096-016-7 paper ¥7,064.- (税込) EUR 38.00

Mukherjee Campbell, Mark, Architecture and Urbanism in a Contact Zone: Histories of Difference, Migrancy and Dwelling in Kolkata. (Architecture and Urbanism in the Global South) 208 pp. 2023:8 (Routledge, UK) <699-766>
ISBN 978-1-138-32802-0 hard ¥38,907.- (税込) GB￡ 135.00 *

This book explores how histories of migration, cultural encounter and transculturation have shaped formations of urban space, domestic architecture and cultural modernity in Kolkata from the early colonial period to the beginning of the era of India's economic liberalization. It charts how these themes were manifest in what was an important 'contact zone' in the history of globalization and the modern city.Drawing on a wide range of resources and representations, from urban plans and architectural drawings to European travel journals and Bengali literature and cinema, the book investigates the history of Kolkata through an examination of key urban and architectural spaces across the colonial and postcolonial epochs. Through illustrated chapters, it sheds new light on questions of difference and segregation, cultural hybridity, migration, and entanglements of tradition and modernity in the city, analyzing spaces inhabited by a diverse range of cultures, including several neglected in previous studies.Architecture and Urbanism in a Contact Zone offers an instructive contribution to the fields of global architectural history and theory, urban studies and postcolonial cultural studies for scholars, researchers and students alike.

de Beer, Stephan, City-making, Space and Spirituality: A Community-Based Urban Praxis with Reflections from South Africa. (Routledge Research in Planning and Urban Design) 304 pp. 2023:8 (Routledge, UK) <699-795>
ISBN 978-1-03-237223-5 hard ¥38,907.- (税込) GB￡ 135.00 *

This book is about the soul of the city, embodied in its spaces and people. It traces dynamics in inner city neighbourhoods of South Africa's post-apartheid capital, Pretoria. Viewing the city through its most vulnerable people and places, it recognizes that urban space is never neutral and shaped by competing value frameworks.The first part of the book invites planners, city-makers, and ordinary urban citizens, to consider a new self-understanding, reclaiming their agency in the city-making process. Through the metaphor of "becoming like children", planning practice is deconstructed and re-imagined. A praxis-based methodology is presented, cultivating four distinct moments of entering, reading, imagining and co-constructing the city. After deconstructing urban spaces and discourses, the second part of the book explores a concrete spirituality and ethic of urban space. It argues for a shift from planning as technocracy, to planning as immersed, participatory artistry: opening up to the "genius" of space, responsive to urban cries, and joining to construct new, soul-full spaces. Local communities and interconnected movements become embodiments of urban alternatives - through resistance and reconstruction; building on local assets; animating local reclamations; and weaving nets of hope that will span the entire city. Providing a concrete methodology for city-making that is rooted in a community-based urban praxis, this book will be of interest to urban planning researchers, professional planners and designers and also grass-root community developers or activists.

Kalniga, Jose Donadoni Manga (dir.), (Im)penser l'urbain au Cameroun: postures epistemologiques, rationalites des acteurs et intelligences normatives. (Etudes africaines. Sociologie) 465 p. 2023:2 (L'Harmattan, FR) <699-798>
ISBN 978-2-14-027137-3 paper ¥10,939.- (税込) EUR 45.00

Mupotsa, Danai S. / Moji, Polo B. / Himmelman, N. (eds.), Cinematic Imaginaries of the African City. 136 pp. 2023:8 (Routledge, UK) <699-801>
ISBN 978-1-03-253319-3 hard ¥38,907.- (税込) GB￡ 135.00 *

This volume addresses questions at the intersections of cinematic form and the African city. It examines the contribution of cinema and audiovisual media to our understanding and experience of contemporary cities from an African perspective."Reading" the African city as form, this volume problematizes the circulation of terms such as "Afropolitanism," "Afro-polis", "Afro-modernity" and "Afro-urbanity", which often define the kinds of sentiments invested in or associated with the African city. Situated within an interdisciplinary matrix that reads the urban African cinematic form through affect theory and the city as a matrix of feeling, critical black geography and the racialized construction of city spaces, the urban as a temporal consciousness, and representations of social inequalities and urban geographies of exclusion, this edited volume frames the city and screenscapes as co-constitutive, foregrounding the diegetic and extra-diegetic elements that inform the "African urban". Chapters engage thematic areas such as aesthetics and African cinematic urban form; visuality and the infrastructures of the African city; audiovisual narratives, social inequality, and urban geographies of exclusion.Cinematic Imaginaries of the African City is a significant new contribution to African Studies and will be a great resource for academics, researchers, and advanced students of African Studies, Media and Cultural Studies, Visual Studies, and Sociology. The chapters included in this book were originally published as a special issue of Social Dynamics: A Journal of African Studies.

Eubanks Owens, Patsy / Koo, Jayoung / Huang, Yiwei, Outdoor Environments for People: Considering Human Factors in Landscape Design. 272 pp. 2023:8 (Routledge, UK) <699-823>
ISBN 978-1-138-29643-5 hard ¥38,907.- (税込) GB￡ 135.00 *
ISBN 978-1-138-29644-2 paper ¥9,507.- (税込) GB￡ 32.99 *

Outdoor Environments for People addresses the everyday human behavior in outdoor built environments and explains how designers can learn about and incorporate their knowledge into places they help to create. Bridging research and practice, and drawing from disciplines such as environmental psychology, cultural geography, and sociology, the book provides an overview of theories, such as personal space, territoriality, privacy, and place attachment, that are explored in the context of outdoor environments and, in particular, the landscape architecture profession. Authors share the impact that place design can have on individuals and communities with regard to health, safety, and belonging. Beautifully designed and highly illustrated in full color, this book presents analysis, community engagement, and design processes for understanding and incorporating the social and psychological influences of an environment and discusses examples of outdoor place design that skillfully respond to human factors. As a textbook for landscape architecture students and a reference for practitioners, it includes chapters addressing different realms of people-place relationships, examples of theoretical applications, case studies, and exercises that can be incorporated into any number of design courses. Contemporary design examples, organized by place type and illustrating key human factor principles, provide valuable guidance and suggestions. Outdoor Environments for People is a must-have resource for students, instructors, and professionals within landscape architecture and the surrounding disciplines.

Bartmanski, Dominik / Fueller, H. / Hoerning, J. (eds.), Considering Space: A Critical Concept for the Social Sciences. (The Refiguration of Space) 288 pp. 2023:8 (Routledge, UK) <699-847>
ISBN 978-1-03-242088-2 hard ¥38,907.- (税込) GB￡ 135.00 *

Considering Space demonstrates what has changed in the perception of space within the social sciences and how useful - indeed indispensable - this category is today.While the seemingly deterritorializing effects of digitalization might suggest that space is a secondary consideration, this book proves such a presumption wrong, with territories, borders, distances, proximity, geographical ecologies, land use, physical infrastructures - as well as concepts of space - all being shown still to matter, perhaps more than ever before.Seeking to show how society can and should be perceived as spatial, it will appeal to scholars of sociology, geography, architecture and urban studies.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. Funded by the DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - Projektnummer 290045248 - SFB 1265.

Flynn, Susan / Hayes, Richard (eds.), Urban Planning for the City of the Future: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 288 pp. 2023:8 (Emerald, UK) <699-853>
ISBN 978-1-80455-216-2 hard ¥24,684.- (税込) US$ 110.00 *

The lines between the fields of strategy, urban planning, architecture and sociology are currently blurred by 'futurising' discourses about progress, renewal and the crises of urbanisation. Aided by an ambitious multifaceted lens, Urban Planning for the City of the Future: A Multidisciplinary Approach provides a unique glimpse into planning, growth, regeneration and demographic urgency in the light of globalisation, climate change and rapid technological change. Presenting a case study of the city of Waterford, this edited collection explores how the city of the future might be shaped. Contributors ask not only how to plan the ideal city of the future, but also how to prioritise citizens' rights, participation and engagement in that city. Offering solutions that put these rights at the heart of city life, chapters also tackle some of the modern city's crises, exploring options for the preservation, incorporation and expansion of the city's heritage, landmark buildings and unique geographical history. Bringing together multidisciplinary perspectives from strategy, urban geography, psychology, sociology, film, data and digital studies, Urban Planning for the City of the Future: A Multidisciplinary Approach builds a compelling, comprehensive, multifaceted case-study of a small, modern European city that can serve as a laboratory for future urban planning elsewhere.

都市デザイン研究方法ハンドブック
Kamalipour, Hesam / Aelbrecht, P. / Peimani, N. (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Urban Design Research Methods. 528 pp. 2023:8 (Routledge, UK) <699-856>
ISBN 978-0-367-76805-8 hard ¥61,963.- (税込) GB￡ 215.00 *

As an evolving and contested field, urban design has been made, unmade, and remade at the intersections of multiple disciplines and professions. It is now a decisive moment for urban design to reflect on its rigour and relevance. This handbook is an attempt to seize this moment for urban design to further develop its theoretical and methodological knowledge base and engage with the question of "what urban design can be" with a primary focus on its research. This handbook includes contributions from both established and emerging scholars across the global North and global South to provide a more field-specific entry point by introducing a range of topics and lines of inquiry and discussing how they can be explored with a focus on the related research designs and methods. The specific aim, scope, and structure of this handbook are appealing to a range of audiences interested and/or involved in shaping places and public spaces. What makes this book quite distinctive from conventional handbooks on research methods is the way it has been structured in relation to some key research topics and questions in the field of urban design regarding the issues of agency, affordance, place, informality, and performance. In addition to the introduction chapter, this handbook includes 80 contributors and 52 chapters organised into five parts. The commissioned chapters showcase a wide range of topics, research designs, and methods with references to relevant scholarly works on the related topics and methods.

米国におけるジェントリフィケーションの傾向
Martin, Richard, Gentrification Trends in the United States. 184 pp. 2023:8 (Routledge, UK) <699-857>
ISBN 978-1-03-210887-2 hard ¥25,934.- (税込) GB￡ 89.99 *
ISBN 978-1-03-210704-2 paper ¥10,371.- (税込) GB￡ 35.99 *

Gentrification Trends in the United States is the first book to quantify the changes that take place when a neighborhood's income level, educational attainment, or occupational makeup outpace the city as a whole - the much-debated yet poorly understood phenomenon of gentrification. Applying a novel method to four decades of U.S. Census data, this resource for students and scholars provides a quantitative basis for the nuanced demographic trends uncovered through ethnography and other forms of qualitative research. This analysis of a rich data source characterized by a broad regional and chronological scope provides new insight into larger questions about the nature and prevalence of gentrification across the United States. Has gentrification become more common over time?Which cities have experienced the most gentrification? Is gentrification widespread, or does it tend to be concentrated in a small number of cities? Has the nature of gentrification changed over time? Ideal reading for courses in real estate, urban planning, urban economics, sociology, geography, econometrics, and GIS, this pathbreaking addition to the urban studies literature will enrich the perspective of any scholar of U.S. cities.

Mazur, Stanislaw (ed.), Governance and Leadership in Shrinking Cities: Strategies for Managing Urban Decline. (Routledge Advances in Regional Economics, Science and Policy) 216 pp. 2023:8 (Routledge, UK) <699-858>
ISBN 978-1-03-244399-7 hard ¥38,907.- (税込) GB￡ 135.00 *

The aim of this publication is to look in depth at depopulation - a trend that is affecting an increasing number of cities worldwide. It has recently become a critical issue with a range of detrimental social, economic, spatial, and financial consequences. However, attempts by central and local governments to combat depopulation have yet to yield satisfactory results. Compelling evidence suggests that one of the reasons for this state of affairs is that the role of local (urban) leadership in devising solutions, mobilizing resources, and creating networks to address the problem has been underestimated. Moreover, according to the authors of this monograph, there is a significant positive correlation between urban leadership and the ability to effectively respond to and counteract the negative effects of depopulation. Without an understanding of the impact of urban leadership on the ability to address the negative consequences of urban depopulation, it is impossible to pursue effective public policies in this regard.This book presents a novel approach to explaining the ability of cities to combat depopulation through the prism of urban leadership quality. It compares domestic empirical research findings with international case studies, and offers a comprehensive review of valuable practices to counter urban shrinkage and depopulation, from both academic and practical perspectives. Further, the book provides a new interpretation of the processes associated with these trends.The magnitude of the phenomenon in question, the negative spatial, economic, and social consequences, as well as the relatively low effectiveness of policies aimed at its mitigation, will make this book an invaluable guide for researchers, and students from a wide range of disciplines including urban studies, economics, public management, leadership studies, local government, climate change and energy transition and urban movements. The audience will also comprise of policymakers and urban experts such as sociologists, planners, social geographers, economists, and architects.

Ricci, Alessandro, The Geography of Uncertainty: A Conceptual Model of Early Modern Globalization and the Current Crisis. 200 pp. 2023:8 (Routledge, UK) <699-861>
ISBN 978-1-03-249513-2 hard ¥38,907.- (税込) GB￡ 135.00 *

This book outlines the characteristics and implications of a potential geography of uncertainty. In doing so, it analyses this concept in reference to both the origins of uncertainty in Early Modern Age and the current geopolitical situation.The book adopts an interdisciplinary approach to uncertainty, drawing on global perspectives and literature to define its meanings and characteristics. In order to develop a thorough and precise understanding of the geography of uncertainty, a broad perspective is adopted, which includes other forms of knowledge in which the concept of uncertainty is firmly established. As such the book creates temporal links, that may occasionally be far off from one another, to present a geographical perspective of uncertainty. It provides an interpretation of the phenomenon of globalization in a new way, relating it to the first European openness to global spaces, the Early Modern Age, and identifying the transition from the medieval world to the Modern Age as the first manifestation of uncertainty in geography. Uncertainty is more prevalent than ever in today's geopolitical, economic, financial and social reality, as well as the ongoing emergencies and crises.The book adopts an interdisciplinary approach rooted in the geography of Early Modernity by referring to geopolitical scenarios, literature and philosophy, to target the historical roots and the prevailing configuration of the geography of uncertainty. It will appeal to scholars and students of human and political geography, politics, philosophy, international relations, economics and history.

Tate, Alan / Eaton, Marcella, Designed Landscapes: 37 Key Projects. 360 pp. 2023:8 (Routledge, UK) <699-863>
ISBN 978-0-367-17308-1 hard ¥37,466.- (税込) GB￡ 130.00
ISBN 978-0-367-17309-8 paper ¥11,524.- (税込) GB￡ 39.99

Designed Landscapes is a case-by-case study of thirty-seven significant, existing works of landscape design worldwide, largely constructed since the Renaissance. An informative and easy-to-read reference volume for practitioners and students alike, it presents key precedents in landscape architecture using site plans and recent photographs to showcase each project.Organised and presented in twelve sections based on project type, each project is examined on the basis of date, previous site condition, designer(s), design intentions, current composition, unique features, ownership and management, and comparable projects. Each chapter offers an insightful critique of the featured projects.Written by the authors of Great City Parks, the book posits that these carefully-selected key projects have maintained their status throughout the ages because they express values and design intentions that continue to inform the practice of the landscape architecture in the present day. The book concludes with a ten-point summary of lessons for professional practice gleaned from the studies.Including a wide range of case studies from countries such as western Europe, USA, Canada, India, Japan and China, and lavishly illustrated with over 200 full-colour images, this book is a must-have volume for anyone interested in the history and current practice of landscape architecture.

Wartell, Julie / Vasquez, Vince (eds.), Craft Breweries and Cities: Perspectives from the Field. (Routledge Critical Beverage Studies) 168 pp. 2023:5 (Routledge, UK) <699-864>
ISBN 978-1-03-244314-0 hard ¥14,406.- (税込) GB￡ 49.99 *

This book brings together a diverse collection of case studies, perspectives, and research to explore how craft breweries have interacted with cities and neighborhoods in meaningful ways.It provides a deeper understanding of the important issues facing neighborhoods, city government, and breweries, such as economic development, race and equity, crime, and sustainability. It demonstrates how craft breweries are meaningful contributors and participants in addressing these critical challenges. Written in an accessible style, this book contains contributions from a diverse array of research and professional backgrounds and personal perspectives. It allows readers to increase the dialogue across disciplines and build an evidence base regarding the interaction between communities and craft breweries. This book appeals to undergraduate and graduate students as well as policy makers and industry professionals, working in urban studies, planning, public policy, business administration, economic development, and the craft brewery industry.

Zucchi, Benedict, Big House Little City: Architectural Design Through an Urban Lens. 352 pp. 2023:8 (Routledge, UK) <699-865>
ISBN 978-1-03-225976-5 hard ¥37,466.- (税込) GB￡ 130.00
ISBN 978-1-03-225973-4 paper ¥9,219.- (税込) GB￡ 31.99

Integrates architectural and urban design thinking for better built outcomes.Looks at the works of Eliel Saarinen, Le Corbusier, Frank Lloyd Wright, Aalto, Kahn, Niels Torp, Ralph Erskine, Bernard Rudofsky and Hans Scharoun, among others.Explores buildings from across the globe, providing practical case studies of three major sectors: health, education and workplace with examples of best practice from different countries and illustrated with plans, sections and technical details, alongside full colour photographs. Written by a Principal of Architecture at BDP, it provides architects with a specific way of tackling large projects that breaks down their scale and allows the process to become more participative.

都市化する世界における政治的優位
Goodfellow, Tom / Jackman, David (eds.), Controlling the Capital: Political Dominance in the Urbanizing World. 272 pp. 2023:9 (Oxford U. Pr., UK) <699-703>
ISBN 978-0-19-286832-9 hard ¥23,920.- (税込) GB￡ 83.00 *

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 international license. It is free to read on Oxford Academic and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Authoritarianism is on the rise globally, with more than twice as many countries experiencing democratic decline as democratic enhancement in recent years. This has been occurring simultaneously with unprecedented rates of urbanization in many parts of the world, raising questions about the role of cities - often considered the focal points of democratic deepening - in this authoritarian turn. While most literature considers authoritarianism on the national scale, the chapters in this book train their gaze on capital cities, which as 'containers' of both capital and sovereignty are spaces in which authoritarian dominance is increasingly built, contested, maintained, and undone. Focusing on some of the world's fastest urbanizing regions - Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia - the book explores the multiple ways in which authoritarian regimes have been attempting to build and sustain long-term dominance in capital cities in order to meet the challenge of urban political resistance. The diverse selection of case studies presented here spans governing regimes that have recently tried to build urban dominance and spectacularly failed, as well as those that have managed to hold onto power by constantly evolving strategies for dominance that limit the potential for urban opposition to tip into regime overthrow. With chapters on Addis Ababa, Colombo, Dhaka, Harare, Kampala, and Lusaka, Controlling the Capital offers the first cross-regional comparative study of the relationship between cities and political dominance. It contributes to debates on authoritarianism and authoritarian durability, urbanization, political contestation and resistance, the politics of development, and the prospects for democracy.

Richardson, Benjamin Felix, Urban Expansion and Food Security in New Zealand: The Collapse of Local Horticulture. (Routledge Studies in Food, Society and the Environment) 232 pp. 2023:8 (Routledge, UK) <699-191>
ISBN 978-1-03-250422-3 hard ¥38,907.- (税込) GB￡ 135.00 *

This book examines suburban development in New Zealand and its conflict with and impact on local horticulture and food security. Drawing on an ethnographic study of Auckland's rapidly expanding urban periphery, combined with comparative case studies from California in the USA and Victoria in Australia, the book examines how the profit-making strategies of property developers and landowners drastically reshapes work and life at the edge of cities. With a significant portion of the world's croplands lying adjacent to cities, the accelerating pace of urban sprawl across the planet places unprecedented pressure on the productivity and even existence of these vital food bowl regions. The book examines how the demand for more land for development at the urban periphery collides with concerns over local food security and the protection of ecosystem services. It analyses land use policy, historical records, and physical patterns of development, alongside participant observation of local events. It combines this with interviews with government officials, property developers, landowners, local residents and horticulturists. By combining these narratives of the hectic and lucrative business of suburban property development with the collapse of local horticulture, this book shows how the realignment of the New Zealand's interests of financial profitability over other concerns led to the transformation of urban peripheries from a productive food bowl to an investment vehicle. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of urban food and agriculture, urban planning and development and rural-urban studies.

P.ネイカンプ他編　クリエイティブ・クラス再考
Batabyal, Amitrajeet A. / Nijkamp, Peter (eds.), The Creative Class Revisited: New Analytical Advances. 300 pp. 2023:5 (World Scientific, SI) <699-198>
ISBN 978-981-12-6764-2 hard ¥30,967.- (税込) US$ 138.00 *

We are now at a point where 'analytical advances' permit researchers to theoretically and empirically formulate, model, and test many of the ideas pertaining to the working of Richard Florida's 'creative class' in interesting and new ways. The kind of advances we have in mind include, but are not limited to, recent developments in growth theory in economics, improvements in statistics and in regional science that permit researchers to analyze data in novel ways, and progress in computer science that allows researchers to take advantage of, for instance, natural language processing. The objective of this book is to demonstrate how new analytical advances permit one to have a richer and more nuanced understanding of the ways in which the creative class has functioned and the ways in which its abilities can be harnessed for the betterment of society at large.

Christensen, Hilda Romer / Breengaard, Michala Hvidt et al., Gender Smart Mobility: Concepts, Methods, and Practices. (Transport and Mobility) 184 pp. 2023:8 (Routledge, UK) <699-199>
ISBN 978-1-03-204229-9 hard ¥38,907.- (税込) GB￡ 135.00 *

This book presents gender and diversity in smart transport as a cutting-edge issue in urban contexts around the globe.It addresses new challenges and possibilities related to the smart transport sector. It demonstrates how gender and diversity are entangled in concepts and various forms of current smart mobility practices in policy, planning, and innovation. Gender Smart Mobility is presented as a game changer for future transport planning and mobility practices and how smart mobility technologies and practices might be created as a common good for all. The readers are presented with fresh approaches ranging from intersectional and visual analysis of smart mobility, gender scripts and language, to gendered innovation of design and planning. Moreover, the readers will encounter engaging boxed features which present historical, cross-cultural, and methodological examples and pose questions for critical thinking.This book meets a need for a systematic, accessible, and practical introduction and is of interest to city planners, transport providers, and politicians as well as the general public. It will also be a valuable reference for graduate and postgraduate students at technical universities, schools of architecture and planning, and for students and faculties in the social sciences, humanities, and IT and design studies.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license. Funded by the University of Copenhagen and the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.

都市環境におけるエイジング・イン・プレイス
Buffel, Tine / Phillipson, Chris, Ageing in Place in Urban Environments: Critical Perspectives. (Aging and Society) 208 pp. 2023:8 (Routledge, UK) <699-232>
ISBN 978-1-03-212731-6 hard ¥38,907.- (税込) GB￡ 135.00 *
ISBN 978-1-03-213466-6 paper ¥10,660.- (税込) GB￡ 36.99 *

Ageing in Place in Urban Environments considers together two major trends influencing economic and social life: population ageing on the one side and urbanisation on the other.Both have been identified as dominant demographic trends of the twenty-first century. Cities are where the majority of people of all ages now live and where they will spend their old age. Nevertheless, cities are typically imagined and structured with a younger, working-age population in mind while older people are rarely incorporated into the mainstream of thinking and planning around urban environments. Cities can contribute to vulnerability arising from high levels of population turnover, environmental problems, gentrification, and reduced availability of affordable housing. However, they can also provide innovative forms of support and services essential to promoting the quality of life of older people. Policies in Europe have emphasised the role of the local environment in promoting "ageing in place", a term used to describe the goal of helping people to remain in their own homes and communities for as long as they wish. However, while this has been the dominant approach, the places in which older people are ageing have often proved to be challenging environments. The book explores the forces behind these developments and how older people have responded.Drawing upon approaches from social gerontology, urban studies, geography, and sociology, this book will be essential reading for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners searching for innovative ways to improve the lives of older people living in urban environments.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.