Trousson, Raymond / Vercruysse, Jeroom (dir.), Dictionnaire general de Voltaire. (Champion classiques, references et dictionnaires 18) 1272 p. 2020:10 (Champion, FR) <670-9>
ISBN 978-2-38096-016-7 paper ¥7,064.- (税込) EUR 38.00

E.バーク
Carroll, Ross, Edmund Burke. (Classic Thinkers) 224 pp. 2024:5 (Polity Pr., UK) <718-24>
ISBN 978-1-5095-3864-5 hard ¥15,695.- (税込) US$ 69.95
ISBN 978-1-5095-3865-2 paper ¥5,597.- (税込) US$ 24.95

Few thinkers have provoked such violently opposing reactions as Edmund Burke. A giant of eighteenth-century political and intellectual life, Burke has been praised as a prophet who spied the terror latent in revolutionary or democratic ideologies, and condemned as defender of social hierarchy and outmoded political institutions. Ross Carroll tempers these judgments by situating Burke's arguments in relation to the political controversies of his day. Burke's writings must be understood as rhetorically brilliant exercises in political persuasion aimed less at defending abstract truths than at warning his contemporaries about the corrosive forces - ideological, social, and political - that threatened their society. Drawing on Burke's enormous corpus, Carroll presents a nuanced portrait of Burke as, above all, a diagnostician of political misrule, whether domestic, foreign, or imperial. Burke's lasting value, Carroll argues, derives less from the content of his specific positions than from the difficult questions he forces us to ask of ourselves. This engaging and illuminating account of Burke's work is a vital reference for students and scholars of history, philosophy, and political thought.

J.C.D.クラーク著　啓蒙思想－思想とその歴史
Clark, J. C. D., The Enlightenment: An Idea and Its History. 544 pp. 2024:7 (Oxford U. Pr., UK) <718-25>
ISBN 978-0-19-891628-4 hard ¥10,087.- (税込) GB￡ 35.00

Enlightenment studies are currently in a state of flux, with unresolved arguments among its adherents about its dates, its locations, and the contents of the 'movement'. This book cuts the Gordian knot. There are many books claiming to explain the Enlightenment, but most assume that it was a thing. J. C. D. Clark shows what it actually was, namely a historiographical concept. Currently 'the Enlightenment' is a term widely accepted across popular culture and in a variety of academic disciplines, notably history, philosophy, political theory, political science, literary studies, and theology; Clark calls for a fundamental reconsideration in each. The Enlightenment: An Idea and Its History provides a critical historical analysis of the Enlightenment in England, Scotland, France, Germany, and the United States from c. 1650 to the present. It argues that the degree of commonality between social and intellectual movements in each--and, more broadly, between the five societies--has been overstated for polemical purposes. Clark shows that the concept of 'the Enlightenment' was not widely adopted in those societies until the mid-twentieth century; indeed, that it was unknown in the eighteenth. Without the concept, people at the time were unable to act in ways that would have created the Enlightenment as a coherent movement. Since the conventional account has held that the Enlightenment was a phenomenon, the idea could be used as a component of what has been called a 'civil religion': a summing up of the myths of origin, aims, and essential values of a society from which dissent is not permitted. An appreciation that it was instead a historiographical concept undermines, in turn, the idea that there was any great transition to what came to be called 'modernity'.

Keller, Vera, Curating the Enlightenment: Johann Daniel Major and the Experimental Century. 398 pp. 2024:7 (Cambridge U. Pr., UK) <718-26>
ISBN 978-1-00-950683-0 hard ¥28,820.- (税込) GB￡ 100.00

How did the research universities of the Enlightenment come into being? And what debt to they owe to scholars of the previous era? Focusing on the career of German polymath Johann Daniel Major (1634-1693), Curating the Enlightenment uncovers how late seventeenth-century scholars crafted the research university as a haven for critical inquiry in defiance of political and economic pressures. Abandoning the surety of established intellectual practice, this 'experimental century' saw Major and his peers reshaping fragments of knowledge into new perspectives. Across new disciplines, from experimental philosophy to archaeology and museology, they re-examined what knowledge was, who it was for, and how it was to be stored, managed, accessed, judged, and transformed. Although later typecast as Baroque obstacles to be overcome by the Enlightenment, these academics arranged knowledge in dynamic infrastructures that encouraged its further advancement in later generations, including our own. This study examines these seventeenth-century practices as part of a continuous intellectual tradition, and reconceptualises our understanding of the Enlightenment.

スコットランド啓蒙思想における宗教と人間性の科学
Mills, R. J. W., Religion and the Science of Human Nature in the Scottish Enlightenment. (Palgrave Pivot) 334 pp. 2024:3 (Palgrave Macmillan, UK) <718-27>
ISBN 978-3-031-49030-9 hard ¥26,737.- (税込) EUR 109.99 *

This book examines how enlightened Scottish social theorists c.1740 to c.1800 understood the origin and development of religion. Challenging scholarly disregard for the topic, it shows how most prominent thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment thought deeply about the relationship between religion, human nature and historical change. The Scots viewed this relationship as an important strand within the study of the 'science of human nature' and the 'history of man.' The fruits of this investigation were a sophisticated and innovative account of religious change that is characterized by a striking modernity and naturalism, even by the more devout theorists. The views of the literati surveyed here need to be incorporated into our larger histories of the 'science of religion' as much as they do into our understanding of the social theory of the Scottish Enlightenment.

ヒュームの身体とその帰結
Weintraub, Ruth, Humean Bodies and their Consequences. (Jerusalem Studies in Philosophy and History of Science) 186 pp. 2024:3 (Springer, GW) <718-28>
ISBN 978-3-031-50798-4 hard ¥24,306.- (税込) EUR 99.99 *

This book defends the very contentious Idealist interpretation of Hume on external objects, and draws from it far-reaching metaphysical and epistemological consequences for Hume's philosophy. Its interest is both interpretive and analytic. The content Hume ascribes to the belief in "bodies" is susceptible to more than one reading, and has not been systematically considered. Upholding the Idealistic interpretation is interesting in its own right, but also yields several important conclusions about the spatiality of objects, causation, Hume's "science of man" and his epistemology. For instance, it argues that the Idealist reading means that there are no cross-temporal spatial relationships, and that the (more prevalent) Materialist reading takes Hume further away from methodological empiricism than does the Idealist counterpart, and may render his practice less in conformity with his official methodology. The monograph is therefore of great interest to not only academics but also scholars, graduate students and researchers.