Trousson, Raymond / Vercruysse, Jeroom (dir.), Dictionnaire general de Voltaire. (Champion classiques, references et dictionnaires 18) 1272 p. 2020:10 (Champion, FR) <670-9>
ISBN 978-2-38096-016-7 paper ¥7,064.- (税込) EUR 38.00

ソ連における家事サービス
Klots, Alissa, Domestic Service in the Soviet Union: Women's Emancipation and the Gendered Hierarchy of Labor. (New Studies in European History) 318 pp. 2024:5 (Cambridge U. Pr., UK) <731-1218>
ISBN 978-1-00-946720-9 hard ¥27,720.- (税込) GB￡ 100.00

This innovative study is the first to explore the evolution of domestic service in the Soviet Union, set against the background of changing discourses on women, labour, and socialist living. Even though domestic service conflicted with the Bolsheviks' egalitarian message, the regime embraced paid domestic labor as a temporary solution to the problem of housework. Analyzing sources ranging from court cases to oral interviews, Alissa Klots demonstrates how the regime both facilitated and thwarted domestic workers' efforts to reinvent themselves as equal members of Soviet society. Here, a desire to make maids and nannies equal participants in the building of socialism clashed with a gendered ideology where housework was women's work. This book serves not only as a window into class and gender inequality under socialism, but as a vantage point to examine the power of state initiatives to improve the lives of household workers in the modern world.

北西欧におけるジェンダー、労働、近代性への移行　1720～1880年
Agren, Maria (ed.), Gender, Work, and the Transition to Modernity in Northwestern Europe, 1720-1880. 288 pp. 2025:2 (Oxford U. Pr., UK) <731-1241>
ISBN 978-0-19-893429-5 hard ¥27,442.- (税込) GB￡ 99.00

It is well-known that gender distinctions structure the modern labour market, but why is this so and how far back in time does the pattern extend? Gender, Work, and the Transition to Modernity in Northwestern Europe, 1720-1880 uses a unique method to map and explain how gender rather than marital status came to be important. Gender, Work, and the Transition to Modernity in Northwestern Europe, 1720-1880 investigates how and why the division of work between men and women changed in the transition from early modern to modern society. Based on the verb-oriented method and around 19,000 observations of work activities in historical sources, its focus is on a mid-Swedish local society in the period 1720 to 1880. There were several continuities across this time: both women and men were observed in practically all forms of work, many households (both affluent and destitute) still relied on multiple sources of income, and the marital partnership continued to be important for what women and men did to support themselves. Yet, there was also change: tasks that conferred authority were gradually masculinised, the differences between married and unmarried women with respect to work declined, and while women remained mobile, men's work-related mobility increased. In an even longer time perspective, from 1550 to 1880, gender slowly became more important for what types of work people did. The main reason behind this development was increasing social differentiation and shifts in labour relations. The growing impact of gender was not the result of a trickling down of new middle-class ideals, nor the effect of new preferences, nor a consequence of a separation of home and work. Instead, differences grew because more people were in a position where someone else - an employer - controlled how they used their time.