Trousson, Raymond / Vercruysse, Jeroom (dir.), Dictionnaire general de Voltaire. (Champion classiques, references et dictionnaires 18) 1272 p. 2020:10 (Champion, FR) <670-9>
ISBN 978-2-38096-016-7 paper ¥7,064.- (税込) EUR 38.00

Waterhouse, Benjamin C., One Day I'll Work for Myself: The Dream and Delusion That Conquered America. 304 pp. 2024:2 (Norton, US) <715-193>
ISBN 978-0-393-86821-0 hard ¥6,465.- (税込) US$ 29.99 *

From side-hustlers to start-ups, Americans have a special affinity for people who make it on their own. But the dream has a dark side. Historian Benjamin C. Waterhouse looks back at how and why Americans have embraced self-employment and discovers that the modern cult of the hustle is a direct consequence of economic failures-bad jobs, stagnant wages, inequality-that have engulfed the country since the 1970s. In the last decades of the twentieth century, political activists, corporate PR departments and business professors all hailed the revolutionary potential of business ownership. A new generation-including suburban moms who pioneered home-based businesses, franchisors and multilevel marketers-took the plunge, laying the groundwork for today's gig economy. One Day I'll Work for Myself offers a deeper, provocative cultural history of the US economy from the perspective of the workers within it-and asks urgent questions about why we're clinging to old strategies for progress.

労働組合とイギリス労使関係の危機－H.クレッグの知的伝記
Ackers, Peter, Trade Unions and the British Industrial Relations Crisis: An Intellectual Biography of Hugh Clegg. (Routledge Research in Employment Relations) 264 pp. 2024:4 (Routledge, UK) <715-245>
ISBN 978-1-03-242290-9 hard ¥38,461.- (税込) GB￡ 135.00 *

Hugh Clegg was a founding figure of post-war British Industrial Relations, the forerunner of Employment Relations and Human Resource Management, as taught in most Business Schools today. He defined 'industrial democracy' as collective bargaining with trade unions, laid the foundations for the pluralist approach to Industrial Relations, was a key figure in the post-war social sciences and a major public policy player. More widely, he was an important figure in the Cold War social democratic academic left, who broke with his earlier Communism to champion free trade unions in a liberal democratic society. He also produced the major Oxford University Press trade union history. This book aims to understand the politics and industrial relations of the post-war period in Britain (in which trade unions were central) through the life of a key public intellectual. It will help readers understand the political and social science roots of contemporary Employment Relations and Human Resource Management through a deep historical study of Clegg's life and times, in the context of his post-war social democratic generation. It illustrates how the failures of post-war industrial relations led to Thatcherism. Current Employment Relations academics and public policy can learn much from this history, making it of value to researchers, students, and academics in the fields of Human Resource Management and business and management history.

Andaya, Elise, Pregnant at Work: Low-Wage Workers, Power, and Temporal Injustice. (Anthropologies of American Medicine: Culture, Power, and Practice) 208 pp. 2024:3 (New York U. Pr., US) <715-246>
ISBN 978-1-4798-1758-0 hard ¥19,188.- (税込) US$ 89.00 *
ISBN 978-1-4798-1759-7 paper ¥6,468.- (税込) US$ 30.00 *

A compelling analysis of social inequality through the perspective of pregnant, low-wage service workers The low-wage service industry is one of the fastest-growing employment sectors in the US economy. Its workers disproportionately tend to be low-income and minority women. Service sector work entails rigid forms of temporal discipline manifested in work requirements for flexible, last-minute, and round-the-clock availability, as well as limited to no eligibility for sick and parental leaves, all of which impact workers' ability to care for themselves and their dependents. Pregnant at Work examines the experiences of pregnant service sector workers in New York City as they try to navigate the time conflicts between precarious low-wage service labor and safety net prenatal care. Through interviews and fieldwork in a prenatal clinic of a public hospital, Elise Andaya vividly describes workers' struggles to maintain expected tempos of labor as their pregnancies progress as well as their efforts to schedule and attend prenatal care, where waiting is a constant factor-a reflection of the pervasive belief that poor people's time is less valuable than that of other people. Pregnant at Work is a compelling examination of the ways in which power and inequalities of race, class, gender, and immigration status are produced and reproduced in the US, including in individual pregnant bodies. The stories of the pregnant workers featured in this book underscore the urgency of movements towards temporal justice and a new politics of care in the twenty-first century.

Garcia, Ruben J., Critical Wage Theory: Why Wage Justice Is Racial Justice. 221 pp. 2024:5 (U. California Pr., US) <715-247>
ISBN 978-0-520-38801-7 hard ¥18,326.- (税込) US$ 85.00 *
ISBN 978-0-520-38803-1 paper ¥6,457.- (税込) US$ 29.95 *

In this highly original and personal book, Ruben J. Garcia argues forcefully that we must center the minimum wage as a tool for fighting structural racism. Employing the lessons of critical race theory to show how low minimum wages and underenforcement of workplace laws have always been features of our racially stratified society, Garcia explains why we must follow the leadership of social movements by treating increases in minimum wage levels and enforcement as matters of racial justice. Offering solutions that would benefit all workers, especially the immigrants and people of color most often made victims of wage theft, Critical Wage Theory is essential reading for anyone who seeks a more just future for the working class.

Pugh, Allison, The Last Human Job: The Work of Connecting in a Disconnected World. 376 pp. 2024:6 (Princeton U. Pr., US) <715-248>
ISBN 978-0-691-24081-7 hard ¥6,457.- (税込) US$ 29.95 *

A timely and urgent argument for preserving the work that connects us in the age of automationWith the rapid development of artificial intelligence and labor-saving technologies like self-checkouts and automated factories, the future of work has never been more uncertain, and even jobs requiring high levels of human interaction are no longer safe. The Last Human Job explores the human connections that underlie our work, arguing that what people do for each other in these settings is valuable and worth preserving.Drawing on in-depth interviews and observations with people in a broad range of professions-from physicians, teachers, and coaches to chaplains, therapists, caregivers, and hairdressers-Allison Pugh develops the concept of "connective labor," a kind of work that relies on empathy, the spontaneity of human contact, and a mutual recognition of each other's humanity. The threats to connective labor are not only those posed by advances in AI or apps; Pugh demonstrates how profit-driven campaigns imposing industrial logic shrink the time for workers to connect, enforce new priorities of data and metrics, and introduce standardized practices that hinder our ability to truly see each other. She concludes with profiles of organizations where connective labor thrives, offering practical steps for building a social architecture that works.Vividly illustrating how connective labor enriches the lives of individuals and binds our communities together, The Last Human Job is a compelling argument for us to recognize, value, and protect humane work in an increasingly automated and disconnected world.

Shestakofsky, Benjamin, Behind the Startup: How Venture Capital Shapes Work, Innovation, and Inequality. 330 pp. 2024:3 (U. California Pr., US) <715-249>
ISBN 978-0-520-39502-2 hard ¥18,326.- (税込) US$ 85.00 *
ISBN 978-0-520-39503-9 paper ¥6,457.- (税込) US$ 29.95 *

"Readers . . . will find a real-life 'The Office,' Silicon Valley version, alternately comical and poignant."-New York Times?This systematic analysis of everyday life inside a tech startup dissects the logic of venture capital and its consequences for entrepreneurs, workers, and societies. In recent years, dreams about our technological future have soured as digital platforms have undermined privacy, eroded labor rights, and weakened democratic discourse. In light of the negative consequences of innovation, some blame harmful algorithms or greedy CEOs. Behind the Startup focuses instead on the role of capital and the influence of financiers. Drawing on nineteen months of participant-observation research inside a successful Silicon Valley startup, this book examines how the company was organized to meet the needs of the venture capital investors who funded it. Investors push startups to scale as quickly as possible to inflate the value of their asset. Benjamin Shestakofsky shows how these demands create organizational problems that managers solve by combining high-tech systems with low-wage human labor. With its focus on the financialization of innovation, Behind the Startup explains how the gains generated by these companies are funneled into the pockets of a small cadre of elite investors and entrepreneurs. To promote innovation that benefits the many rather than the few, Shestakofsky compellingly argues that we must focus less on fixing the technology and more on changing the financial infrastructure that supports it.

Struempell, Christian / Hoffmann, Michael (eds.), Industrial Labour in an Unequal World: Ethnographic Perspectives on Uneven and Combined Development. (Work in Global and Historical Perspective 20) 270 pp. 2023:11 (de Gruyter Oldenbourg, GW) <715-250>
ISBN 978-3-11-130426-7 hard ¥11,757.- (税込) EUR 49.95 *

The volume scrutinizes the fundamentally uneven character of industrial production and working class formation by bringing together anthropologists specializing on industrial labour in various locations from South America, Western and Eastern Europe, North Africa, and South Asia. Through their engagement with Leon Trotsky’s concept of ‘uneven and combined development’ the authors unravel the complex relations that connect (and disconnect) labour in their sites of research with workers in other places and other times. As the contributions likewise reveal, the unevenness and combination inherent in industrial developments shape and are at the same time also shaped by the different politics workers in an unequal world pursue, as well as the historical experiences and future expectations of workers that inform these. With the attention the authors pay to the specificities of ethnographic detail as well as to broader regional and global developments the volume demonstrates the value of long-term ethnographic research and is of interest to a wide audience ranging from specialists in the fields of anthropology, history, sociology and development studies to students and activists.

van der Linden, Marcel / Maier-Ahuja, Nicole (eds.), Power At Work: A Global Perspective on Control and Resistance. (Work in Global and Historical Perspective 16) 360 pp. 2023:6 (de Gruyter, GW) <715-251>
ISBN 978-3-11-108235-6 hard ¥5,872.- (税込) EUR 24.95 *

Between working men and women (which may include “free” wage earners, chattel slaves, indentured labourers, sharecroppers, domestic servants, and many others) and those employing them, there has always been a constant ? mostly silent but sometimes overt ? struggle concerning employers’ discretionary power and over the interpretation of formal and informal rules. There is a constantly shifting frontier of control, that is, an ongoing struggle for control in the workplace, with managers and supervisors trying to increase their power over their subordinates, and their subordinates, in reaction, trying to maintain and increase their relative autonomy. The detailed case studies in this volume span three centuries and cover different parts of the world. Still, they speak to each other in many ways, highlighting the fact that power at work, whether on the shopfloor or beyond, results from a wide range of complex interrelations. Between technological innovations and the ways in which they are actually implemented. Between the division of labour at the site of production or service provision and changing standards of social segmentation beyond the premises of the company, which can be reinforced ? or weakened ? by management strategies of utilizing labour power as well as workers’ reaction to these strategies. And finally, between politics in production, which shape the relations between capital and labour on the shopfloor, and state politics of production, which cannot be understood without reference to broader developments in economy and society.