Trousson, Raymond / Vercruysse, Jeroom (dir.), Dictionnaire general de Voltaire. (Champion classiques, references et dictionnaires 18) 1272 p. 2020:10 (Champion, FR) <670-9>
ISBN 978-2-38096-016-7 paper ¥7,064.- (税込) EUR 38.00

Russ, Daniela / Turnbull, Thomas (eds.), Energy's History: Toward a Global Canon. 232 pp. 2025:2 (Stanford U. Pr., US) <725-225>
ISBN 978-1-5036-4086-3 hard ¥25,872.- (税込) US$ 120.00
ISBN 978-1-5036-4150-1 paper ¥6,468.- (税込) US$ 30.00

Energy history is an approach to understanding the past that takes changes in the human exploitation of Earth's energies as its object of inquiry. This interdisciplinary field documents and analyzes how humans thought about, harnessed, stored, and exploited stocks and flows of energy. In recent decades, in response to evidence of the effect of fossil fuel use in our climatic system and coinciding with an energy turn across the humanities, a new urgency and purpose has been ascribed to such work. Energy's History challenges abstract and universalizing conceptions of energy's history-making capacities. This collection contains twelve chapters that present, analyze, and contextualize a primary source. The contributors focus on ideas, events, and statements that recorded and critiqued the distinct historical paths of energy, thereby broadening the scope of where and what constitutes energy history. As energy's world-making has enmeshed ever more of the planet into a dangerous compact with fossil fuels, energy histories must be revised within this new energy-historical reality. This volume both presents persuasive visions of energy-driven development beyond the Western capitalist model and provides an expansive and critical account of the ways in which energy histories have shaped the past and impact the present.

伝染をコントロールする－黒死病からCovidまでの伝染病と制度
Ogilvie, Sheilagh, Controlling Contagion: Epidemics and Institutions from the Black Death to Covid. 480 pp. 2025:2 (Princeton U. Pr., US) <725-290>
ISBN 978-0-691-25556-9 hard ¥9,702.- (税込) US$ 45.00

How human institutions-markets, states, communities, religions, guilds and families-have helped both to control and to exacerbate epidemics throughout history.How do societies tackle epidemic disease? In Controlling Contagion, Sheilagh Ogilvie answers this question by exploring seven centuries of pandemics, from the Black Death to Covid-19. For most of history, infectious diseases have killed many more people than famine or war, and in 2019 they still caused one death in four. Today, we deal with epidemics more successfully than our ancestors managed plague, smallpox, cholera or influenza. But we use many of the same approaches. Long before scientific medicine, human societies coordinated and innovated in response to biological shocks-sometimes well, sometimes badly.Ogilvie uses historical epidemics to analyze how human societies deal with "externalities"-situations where my action creates costs or benefits for others beyond those that I myself incur. Social institutions-markets, states, communities, religions, guilds, and families-help us manage the negative externalities of contagion and the positive externalities of social distancing, sanitation, and immunization. Ogilvie shows how each institution enables us to coordinate, innovate and inspire each other to limit contagion. But each institution also has weaknesses that can make things worse. Markets shut down voluntarily during every epidemic in history-but they also brought people together, spreading contagion. States mandated quarantines, sanitation, and immunization-but they also waged war and censored information, exacerbating epidemics. Religions admonished us to avoid infecting our neighbours-but they also preached against science and medical innovations. What decided the outcome, Ogilvie argues, was a temperate state, an adaptable market, and a strong civil society where a diversity of institutions played to their own strengths and checked each other's flaws.

Chronakis, Paris Papamichos, The Business of Transition: Jewish and Greek Merchants of Salonica from Ottoman to Greek Rule. (Stanford Studies in Jewish History and Culture) 384 pp. 2024:10 (Stanford U. Pr., US) <725-307>
ISBN 978-1-5036-3966-9 hard ¥15,092.- (税込) US$ 70.00 *

The Business of Transition examines how the cosmopolitan bourgeoisie of the Eastern Mediterranean navigated the transition from empire to nation-state in the early twentieth century. In this social and cultural history, Paris Papamichos Chronakis shows how the Jewish and Greek merchants of Salonica (present-day Thessaloniki) skillfully managed the tumultuous shift from Ottoman to Greek rule amidst revolution and war, rising ethnic tensions, and heightened class conflict. Bringing their once powerful voices back into the historical narrative, he traces their entangled trajectories as businessmen, community members, and civic leaders to illustrate how the self-reinvention of a Jewish-led bourgeoisie made a city Greek. Papamichos Chronakis draws on previously untapped local archival material to weave a rich narrative of individual portraits, introducing us to revered philanthropists and committed patriots as well as vilified profiteers and victimized Salonicans. Offering a kaleidoscopic view of a city in transition, this book reveals how the collapse of empire shook all the constitutive elements of Jewish and Greek identities, and how Jews and Greeks reinvented themselves amidst these larger political and economic disruptions.

M.エザメル著　古代エジプト経済－国家、行政、制度
Ezzamel, Mahmoud, The Economy of Ancient Egypt: State, Administration, Institutions. (Routledge Explorations in Economic History) 496 pp. 2024:8 (Routledge, UK) <725-308>
ISBN 978-1-032-55087-9 hard ¥42,735.- (税込) GB￡ 150.00 *

Taking ancient records as the starting point for analysis, this book theorises the state, administration and economy of ancient Egypt. The Egyptian state is theorised as an administrative field of material and symbolic powers with emphasis upon the latter because it has received scant attention in Egyptology. Maat (truth, fairness, connective justice) is theorised as symbolic power discursively authored, disseminated and monitored by senior administrators who redefined its meaning to suit changes in the sociopolitical contexts.The book examines the classification schemes of the Egyptian population devised by the administrative field of power and how they were used to differentiate, hierarchise and fix specific individuals within clearly demarcated social and economic categories that aimed to fix the subjectivity of those assigned to each category. Ancient Egyptian had a significant state economic sector and a private sector. A multiplicity of sources of state economic resources are examined: taxation/ impost, war booty and tributes, and gifts exchanged between the Egyptian kings and foreign kings. A nuanced understanding of Polanyi's work on redistribution is used to theorise the cycle of levying, collecting, storing and redistributing tax revenues. Exchanges of gifts between Egyptian kings and kings from Asia Minor are theorised as occurring on a stage of institutional drama, war booty as an 'economy of force' and tribute as an economy of restitution. Private exchange is theorised by developing the concept of 'sociable markets' and drawing on Maat in its various meanings as truth, fairness and connective justice.This book will be of interest to readers in the fields of economic history, ancient Egypt and ancient history more broadly.

Kaika, Maria / Ruggiero, Luca, Class Meets Land: The Embodied History of Land Financialization. (IJURR Studies in Urban and Social Change) 264 pp. 2024:12 (U. California Pr., US) <725-309>
ISBN 978-0-520-41007-7 hard ¥20,482.- (税込) US$ 95.00 *
ISBN 978-0-520-41008-4 paper ¥6,457.- (税込) US$ 29.95 *

Class Meets Land reveals something seemingly counterintuitive: that nineteenth-century class struggles over land are deeply implicated in the transition to twenty-first-century financial capitalism. Challenging our understanding of land financialization as a recent phenomenon propelled by high finance, Maria Kaika and Luca Ruggiero foreground 150 years of class struggle over land as a catalyst for assembling the global financial constellation. Narrating the close-knit histories of industrial land, industrial elites, and the working class, the authors offer a novel understanding of land financialization as a "lived" process: the outcome of a relentless, socially embodied historical unfolding, in which shifts in land's material, economic, and symbolic roles impact both local everyday lives and global capital flows.

欧州エネルギー産業の経済史　19～21世紀
Martinez-Lopez, Alberte / Miras Araujo, Jesus et al., Economic History of the European Energy Industry: Lighting up Western Europe, 19th to 21st centuries. (Routledge Explorations in Economic History) 256 pp. 2024:8 (Routledge, UK) <725-310>
ISBN 978-1-03-255034-3 hard ¥37,037.- (税込) GB￡ 130.00 *

Global climate change and the war in Ukraine have put energy back on the agenda for Europe in a way that has not been seen since the oil crisis of the 1970s. But the economics and business of supplying energy to Europe has a long and rich history going back to the nineteenth century. This book explores changes in energy markets, strategies, firms and investments during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The primary focus is on manufactured gas-the gas that was initially produced from coal distillation until new ways of manufacturing gas emerged after the Second World War.The expert contributors to this volume draw on their extensive research and utilise primary sources to explore a wide range of issues, including technological adaptation, market regulation, energy investments (particularly the role of foreign capital), gas consumption and supply issues. The case studies are particularly drawn from Spain, France and Italy, but the authors provide a comparative and global perspective to consider the wider context. The volume closes with an epilogue that brings the story into the present day to consider current issues affecting gas markets in the EU, including war, geostrategy and pipelines.This book will be of interest to readers in economic history, business history, energy history, the history of public utilities and modern European history more broadly.

北朝鮮における経済管理の歴史
Park, Phillip, History of Economic Management in North Korea: From Planned Economy to Socialist Enterprise System. (Perspectives in Economic and Social History) 272 pp. 2024:9 (Routledge, UK) <725-312>
ISBN 978-1-032-77056-7 hard ¥38,461.- (税込) GB￡ 135.00 *

This book seeks to understand how the economic construction of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) evolved, shaped by the formulation and execution of various economic management systems spanning the years 1949 to 2023, in response to numerous challenges faced by the country.Split into four chapters, Park charts the developmental phases of the DPRK economy under Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il, and current leader Kim Jung Un. He carefully cross-examines sources from within the DPRK, including the Complete Works of Kim Il Sung, Selected Works of Kim Jong Il, the Rodong Shinmun, and the Chosun Central Yearbook. Where related literature relies on testimonies and interviews of defectors, this book offers a novel and comprehensive analysis of sources taken from North Korea, furnishing readers with new insights into the DPRK's economic management and construction policies.With its novel approach, this book will be of interest to researchers and advanced undergraduates of Korean history, Korean studies, and economic history.

二つの世界大戦の民間人の犠牲者
O Grada, Cormac, The Hidden Victims: Civilian Casualties of the Two World Wars. (The Princeton Economic History of the Western World) 520 pp. 2024:9 (Princeton U. Pr., US) <725-314>
ISBN 978-0-691-25875-1 hard ¥12,936.- (税込) US$ 60.00 *

A staggering new account of the civilian death toll of the world wars-and what it reveals about the true nature and cost of modern warSoldiers have never been the only casualties of wars. But the armies that fought World Wars I and II killed far more civilians than soldiers as they countenanced or deliberately inflicted civilian deaths on a mass scale. By one reputable estimate, 9.7 million civilians and 9 million combatants died in World War I, while World War II killed 25.5 million civilians and 15 million combatants. But in The Hidden Victims, Cormac O Grada argues that even these shocking numbers are almost certainly too low. Carefully evaluating all the evidence available, he estimates that the wars cost not 35 million but some 65 million civilian lives-nearly two-thirds of the 100 million total killed. Indeed, he shows that war-induced famines alone may have killed 30 million people, making them the single largest cause of death.The Hidden Victims is the first book to attempt to measure and describe the full scale of civilian deaths during the world wars, from all causes, including genocide, starvation, aerial bombardment, and disease. While nations went to great lengths to record military casualties, they often didn't count or deliberately obscured civilian deaths. Getting the numbers right is important. It reveals much about the true human costs of the wars, the nature of modern warfare, and the failure of efforts to stop civilian casualties. It also makes it possible to argue with those who try to deny, minimize, or exaggerate wartime savagery.