This book provides an introduction to positivist-pluralist theories of international relations (IR) which emerged during the early-and mid-1950s along with Marxist political economic and non-Marxist economic theories of IR.

Positivist and Political-Economic Theories of International Relations is an in-depth critical study of texts and literature which highlight IR's methodological pluralism even after it gained maturity. It examines how pluralist political status quo and radical economic criticism coexist in discrete areas of the discipline. Insights are provided into key positivist liberal-pluralist theories, namely decision-making approaches, and theories of integration, regionalism, interdependence, and regime. It discusses the four political economic and critical theories of Marxism, dependency, world systems, and international political economy.

The book, as an advanced supplementary reader, will be of great interest to researchers and students of international relations, history, law, and the multidisciplinary social scientific field of political economy.

This book explores the transformation of the American-led alliances, as well as of US allies' responses to potential American disengagement from regional security amid the rising Russian and Chinese threats.

The post-Cold War international order has led to three challenges for the West. The first challenge was the ending of the Cold War, which had served as the fundamental rationale of the US-centred alliance systems in both Europe and Asia. The second challenge was that while the fear of US disengagement in the post-Cold War era was initially about its political willingness, the relative decline of the US has gradually turned the question into that of capability. And the third challenge is that for the first time since very long, a war in which one of the great (nuclear) powers is involved takes place on European territory. In Europe, the immediate consequence of the war has been a strengthening of NATO. In Asia and the Indo-Pacific, regional reactions to the war have been much more muted, for the division between "friends and foes" remains less clear-cut than in Europe. The chapters in this volume bridge the dynamics in the European and Asian theatres and provide a comparative framework for examining security alignments amid the shifting strategic context of the Indo-Pacific.

With 4 new chapters and a revised Introduction, this book will be of great interest to students and researchers of Politics and International Relations, Asian and European studies. The other chapters were originally published in Asian Affairs.

Two decades before the war against Ukraine, a "special operation" was launched against Russian historical memory, aggressively reshaping the nation's understanding of its history and identity. The Kremlin's militarization of Russia through World War II propaganda is well documented, but the glorification of Russian medieval society and its warlords as a source of support for Putinism has yet to be explored. This book offers the first comparison of Putin's political neomedievalism and re-Stalinization and introduces the concept of mobmemory to the study of right-wing populism. It argues that the celebration of the oprichnina, Ivan the Terrible's regime of state terror (1565-1572), has been fused with the rehabilitation of Stalinism to reconstruct the Russian Empire. The post-Soviet case suggests that the global obsession with the Middle Ages is not purely an aesthetic movement but a potential weapon against democracy.

The book is intended for students, scholars, and non-specialists interested in understanding Russia's anti-modern politics and the Russians' support for the terror unleashed against Ukraine.

The seventh edition of Environmental Hazards provides a much expanded and fully up-to-date overview of all the extreme environmental events that threaten people and what they value in the 21st century globally. It integrates cutting-edge materials to provide an interdisciplinary approach to environmental hazards and their management, illustrating how natural and human systems interact to place communities of all sizes, and at all stages of economic development, at risk. Part 1 defines basic concepts of hazard, risk, vulnerability and disaster and explores the evolution of hazards theory. Part 2 employs a consistent chapter structure to demonstrate how individual hazards occur, their impacts and how the risks can be assessed and managed.

This extensively revised edition includes:

• Fresh perspectives on the reliability of disaster data, disaster risk reduction, risk and disaster perception and communication, and new technologies available to assist with environmental hazard management
• The addition of several new environmental hazards including landslide and avalanches, cryospheric hazards, karst and subsidence hazards, and hazards of the Anthropocene
• More boxed sections with a focus on both generic issues and the lessons to be learned from a carefully selected range of up-to-date extreme events
• An annotated list of key resources, including further reading and relevant websites, for all chapters
• More colour diagrams and photographs, and more than 1,000 references to some of the most significant and recent published material
• New exercises to assist teaching in the classroom, or self-learning

This carefully structured and balanced textbook captures the complexity and dynamism of environmental hazards and is essential reading for students across many disciplines including geography, environmental science, environmental studies and natural resources.

This edition brings together in three fully edited volumes the correspondence and associated papers of Sir Joseph Banks regarding European and especially British exploration of Africa from 1767-1820, for the first time publishing this globally scattered material in one place, thereby revolutionizing its availability and understanding of the activities of a key figure who helped organize and publish a series of missions to penetrate the African interior, mainly from West Africa and by crossing the Sahara from Cairo and Tripoli.

Banks was a founder in 1788 of the African Association, which mounted many of these missions, including those of Mungo Park to explore the River Niger, and J.L. Burkhardt exploring Syria, Arabia and Egypt. At the time, little was known about the African interior, its peoples, kingdoms and resources, and the aim of the African Association under Banks was to discover what lay there, to make contact with and study its societies, to map them and their lands and help establish trading links. Banks also maintained a lively correspondence with British diplomatic representatives in North Africa, such as James Mario Matra at Tangier and Henry Salt in Cairo, who were a rich source of news. Moreover, as unofficial director of the royal gardens at Kew he sent pioneering plant collectors to gather plants in South Africa, vastly boosting knowledge of this region's important flora. At home, he corresponded with politicians, government officials, entrepreneurs, navigators, naturalists and campaigners like William Wilberforce about a great range of issues surrounding Africa.

This work is multi-disciplinary and will stand alongside existing series of Banks's correspondence published by Neil Chambers (Scientific Correspondence, 2007; Indian and Pacific Correspondence, 2007-14). It will appeal to scholars of African history in the Early Modern Period, to those studying exploration and collecting as well as those interested in natural history, the history of science, geography, cartography and the Enlightenment. An Introduction, detailed Calendar of Correspondents, Timelines for each volume and a comprehensive Index supplement the footnotes to nearly 800 documents included in this fascinating and comprehensive new series.

Using political discourse analysis, this book examines the extent to which the salient approaches of previous leadership generations have translated into present day policies shepherded in by Xi Jinping.

On the strategic political level, the book includes comparisons of China's recent leadership periods with a focus on Xi Jinping's era, and contains examples of whether and how specific topics and tactics reoccur across generations. The state development strategy section then goes on to include chapters on shaping China's strategic narratives, neoliberal discourse within state developmentalism, and keyword evolution. The practical policies part looks at the issues of re-education, health, class, and ethnicity, analysing how the leaders talk about China's poor, frame the representations of megaprojects on social media, and discursively display diplomatic strength.

As a study of the rule of Xi Jinping and the rhetoric of the contemporary Chinese political system, this book will be of huge interest to students and scholars of Chinese politics and political science more broadly.

This handbook brings national and thematic case studies together to examine a variety of populist politics from local and comparative perspectives in the Asia Pacific. The chapters consider key and cross cutting themes such as populism and nationalism, religion, ethnicity and gender, as well as authoritarianism. They show how populist politics alters the way governments mediate state-society relations.

The essays in this volume consider:

• diverse approaches in populist politics, for example, post-colonial, strategic vs ideational, growth and redistribution, leadership styles, and in what ways they are similar to, or different from, populist discourses in Europe and the United States
• under what social, political, economic and structural conditions populist politics has emerged in the Asia-Pacific region
• national case studies drawn from South, East and Southeast Asia as well as the Pacific analyzing themes such as media, religion, gender, medical populism, corruption and cronyism, and inclusive vs exclusive forms of populist politics
• modes and techniques of social and political mobilization that populist politicians employ to influence people and their impact on the way democracy is conceived and practiced in the Asia Pacific

As a systematic account of populist ideologies, strategies, leaders and trends in the Asia Pacific, this handbook is essential reading for scholars of area studies, especially in the Asia Pacific, politics and international relations, and political and social theory.

This book investigates two critical political science domains: international negotiation processes and the establishment of good governance practices, using real-world examples. The author's observations, analyses, and recommendations provide a unique blend of researcher and practitioner experiences that were implemented in conjunction with government authorities, businesses, the media, and citizen groups in over 40 countries.

The book examines negotiation process dynamics from several perspectives: the inclusion of new actors; the impact of psychology, creativity, and values; the significance of post-agreement negotiations; and how negotiations that resolve civil wars need to incorporate explicit good governance provisions. From the governance perspective, the book analyzes the age-old problem of corruption, which is often a major factor responsible for bad governance practices, economic dysfunction, and widespread poverty. It explores the importance of strengthening citizen advocacy for reforms, designing and implementing anti-corruption strategies for fragile states, customizing anti-corruption strategies through targeted risk assessments, and deconstructing the negotiation give-and-take in corrupt transactions to reduce their impact. Each chapter incorporates the author's practitioner experiences with his research contributions, along with examples of events he experienced when implementing programs around the world.

This unique volume will be used in university courses on international negotiation, conflict resolution, governance practices, international development, and comparative politics, as well as providing a useful resource for researchers, policymakers, practitioners, NGOs, donor organizations, and grant-giving organizations.

By analyzing how America's greatest presidents displayed their mastery of statecraft, American Presidents in Diplomacy and War offers important lessons about the most effective uses of national power abroad.

American Presidents in Diplomacy and War chronicles the major foreign policy crises faced by twelve American presidents in order to uncover the reoccurring patterns of successful and less successful uses of diplomatic, economic, and military power. In this brief and highly readable book, Thomas R. Parker reveals how America's most successful leaders manage events instead of allowing events to control them.

Parker explores how the U.S. presidency, from the days of the early Republic to the present, shaped the world. Ranging from George Washington to George H. W. Bush, Parker shows how successful statecraft requires the understanding of complex situations, the prudent evaluation of various courses of action, the ability to adapt and to anticipate, and personal determination. Parker compares each of these leaders to their contemporaries-reasonable political leaders who nonetheless made serious mistakes, such as Thomas Jefferson and Barack Obama-to examine the dangers of being unable to strike the right balance of aggressiveness and caution and to examine the costs of inexperience and ambivalence toward military power. The book concludes by discussing the increasingly complex international situation of today, particularly the manifold challenges posed by China and Russia to U.S. foreign policy, and the continued necessity of effective statecraft.

Europa's comprehensive survey of Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia.

General Survey

Leading authorities on the region analyze topics of regional importance.

Country Surveys

Chapters on each country, containing:

- essays on its recent history and economy, and a chronology of events

- an extensive statistical survey of economic indicators

- a comprehensive directory of the most significant political, commercial and cultural institutions

- a bibliography of books concerned with the country's history, politics and economy

- detailed coverage of the self-proclaimed secessionist territories of the region, including, chronologies of events.

Who's Who in Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia

- biographical information on more than 150 leading political figures in the region

Regional Information

- a directory of major international organizations and research institutes concerned with the region

- select bibliographies of books and periodicals.

U.S. flag officers are intended to be exemplary defenders of duty, honor, and country-but what can we learn by exposing the bad leaders lurking within these venerable ranks?

There is an ugly strain of criminal and unethical leadership in the upper ranks of the American military. Despite the exemplary service of most American military members, a persistent minority of U.S. flag officers (Navy admirals and Army, Air Force, and Marine generals) have embroiled the profession in scandal since the Revolutionary War. In Generals and Admirals, Criminals and Crooks, award-winning author Jeffrey J. Matthews examines bad leadership in American military history over the past one hundred years, beginning with war crimes in the Philippine-American War and ending with the recent Fat Leonard corruption scandal.

Scrutinizing a range of leadership failures, including moral cowardice, sex crimes, insubordination, toxic leadership, and obstruction of justice, Matthews offers a fascinating analysis of the bases and motives leading to these missteps and explores what could be done to curtail future misconduct of generals and admirals. The book also includes an up-to-date examination of President Trump's term in office that highlights the vital role honorable military leadership plays in our democracy. Confronting the dark side of criminal and unethical conduct among U.S. flag officers, this frank and historically grounded book offers valuable lessons in leadership that will stimulate further debate and critical self-assessment within the U.S. military..

As old white men continue to dominate the national and international stages, the needs of women and minorities are constantly ignored. International politics are shaped by a ruthless competition for advantage, and the world is full of conflicts, crises and wars. Things have to change.

Activist and political scientist Kristina Lunz is on a mission to do just that. In her work from New York to Bogota, from Germany to Myanmar, she became aware of a stubborn unwillingness to think past the status quo and to embrace new, innovative voices from marginalized groups. She also saw that the tradition of feminist activism combined brilliantly with diplomacy: both require grim tenacity, boundless creativity and a solutions-oriented approach. In her attempt to reconfigure the field of foreign policy, she aims to set in motion a paradigm shift, replacing grandiose displays of military might with feminism, solidarity and climate justice.

A feminist foreign policy requires the promotion of equal rights in the handling of foreign affairs and security matters worldwide, with a particular focus on marginalized and politically underrepresented groups. Ultimately, this is nothing less than an inclusive, visionary policy for the twenty-first century, one where security and prosperity, health and climate justice are possible - in other words: where peace is possible for everyone, everywhere.

This text traces the lineage and development of Russian foreign policy with the insight that comes from a historical perspective. Now fully updated, the seventh edition incorporates new coverage of issues including relations with the major powers and with other post-communist states, with an emphasis on tensions with the United States and engagement with Ukraine, Crimea, and Syria. International security issues including arms control, sanctions, and intervention continue to grow in importance. Domestic and regional issues related to natural resource politics, human rights, Islamism, and terrorism also persist. Chronologically organized chapters highlight the continuities of Russia's behavior in the world since tsarist times as well as the major sources of change and variability over the revolutionary period, wartime alliances and Cold War, detente, the Soviet collapse, and the first post-communist decades. The basic framework used in the book is a modified realism that stresses the balance of power and the importance of national interest, and it identifies several factors (both internal and external) that condition Russian policy. The interpretations are original and based on a mix of primary and secondary sources.

New to the Seventh Edition

• A new concluding chapter: Russia Openly Confronts the "Collective West".
• Thoroughly updated coverage of Russia's bilateral relations with the United States and countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
• Expanded discussion of Moscow's efforts to control the flow of information at home and abroad as it employs Russia's "soft power" assets.
• Russian-American relations, especially with respect to continuing interference in the U.S. elections and to U.S. foreign policy concerns in the Far East, Iran, and Syria.
• The full unfolding of the Ukraine crisis, culminating in Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
• Vladimir Putin's escalated claims of the superiority of Russian cultural values and more openly imperialistic ambitions.
• Expanded coverage of Russia's relations with China and India, now in a separate chapter on this "strategic triangle."
• Greater attention to the impact of climate change on Russian foreign policy, including its heightened activity in the Arctic.
• Significant new developments in the Middle East including the collapse of the nuclear deal with Iran, the expanded Russian role in the Syrian civil war, and the growing complexity in Russian-Turkish relations.

Memories and Representations of Terror: Working Through Genocide explores how memories and representations shape our understanding of historical events, particularly the ways in which societies create narratives about genocide and its aftermath, using Argentina's last military dictatorship (1976-1983) and its contested legacy as a case study.

Feierstein examines how memories and representations of genocide are the terrain in which both the strategic objectives of genocide and the possibilities of challenging those objectives are contested. These memories and representations provide the foundation upon which critical judgments about the past are constructed and offer the potential for assuming responsibility and working through the consequences of genocide. This book proposes that terror continues to hijack the actions and identities of surviving societies via a process of the construction of memories and social representations of the lived experience in a final stage of genocide Feierstein terms "symbolic enactment". In doing so, Feierstein examines the contributions of various disciplines to comprehending memory processes and social representations. It covers a range of topics, from the nature of memory based on the neuroscientific discoveries of the last half-century to psychoanalytic theories on the functioning of the mind, including the role of psychic defense mechanisms, the unconscious mind, collective pacts of denial and different forms of desensitization. It also explores historiographical debates between forms of history and forms of memory, as well as sociological contributions to the analysis of social frames of memory, cultural memory, generational transmission and related issues.

The first volume of a three-volume work that aims to identify and evaluate the various consequences of genocidal social practices and the possibility of healing the scars left on individuals' subjectivities and the social fabric by genocide. This book is essential reading for students and academics in the humanities and social sciences with an interest in genocide, collective memory and identity.

With new and revised chapters throughout, the sixth edition of Campaigns and Elections American Style allows academics and campaign professionals the chance to explain how the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 general election, and 2022 midterm election upended the campaign process and changed the landscape of political campaigns forever. Offering a unique and careful mix of Democrat and Republican, academic and practitioner, and male and female campaign perspectives, this volume scrutinizes national and local-level campaigns. Students, citizens, candidates, and campaign managers learn not only how to win elections but also why it is imperative to do so in a safe and ethical way. Perfect for a variety of courses in American government, this book is especially valuable to schools of campaign management and campaign professionals working at every level from the local to the global.

Highlights of the Sixth Edition

• Covers the 2020 and 2022 elections with an eye to 2024.
• Examines changes to the campaign process as a result of COVID-19 and puts them in context with campaign traditions over time.
• Includes a new organization that moves campaign finance up front to emphasize the centrality of fundraising to successful campaigns.
• Offers more data to inform campaign planning and management, especially related to key topics such as the change in news media coverage, the growth and use of social media, the use of "big data" in campaigns, and changes in field and voting rules and policies.

A state-of-the-art approach to evaluating research design for students and scholars across the social sciences

Assessing the properties of research designs before implementing them can be tricky for even the most seasoned researchers. This book provides a powerful framework-Model, Inquiry, Data Strategy, and Answer Strategy, or MIDA-for describing any empirical research design in the social sciences. MIDA enables you to characterize the key analytic features of observational and experimental designs, qualitative and quantitative designs, and descriptive and causal designs. An accompanying algorithm lets you declare designs in the MIDA framework, diagnose properties such as bias and precision, and redesign features like sampling, assignment, measurement, and estimation procedures. Research Design in the Social Sciences is an essential tool kit for the entire life of a research project, from planning and realization of design to the integration of your results into the scientific literature.

• A must-have resource for current and future researchers who want to learn about the properties of their designs before they implement them
• Includes a library of the most common designs in the social sciences
• Provides a complete declaration of the canonical design for each library entry, describes the circumstances under which the design can be strong or weak, and explores the consequences of the choices under the research designer's control
• Accompanied by online resources that can be used in conjunction with the book
• An ideal textbook for graduate students and advanced undergraduates