Highly informalized cities of the global South are often portrayed as chaotic and out of control - this book reveals a spatial logic of informal urbanism that is central to the economic life and livelihoods of such cities. 'Inventraset' is a concept that shows how informal street vending, transport and settlement are fundamentally integrated with each other and the more formal city. Street vending and transport provide crucial forms of employment and mobility, while informal settlement is the key source of affordable and adaptable housing. Informal urbanism is not ideal but it is the way such cities work; it is often hidden or camouflaged within the ideal of a clean, green and modern city to which middle-classes and elites aspire. Through comparative studies, with a focus on Manila and Jakarta, the book maps and analyzes how such cities work through alliances and synergies between vending, transport and settlement - inventraset assemblages are inventive and transgressive, yet settled.

The Americas is a region on the move and is both the source and recipient of some of the largest migrations in the world today. While much scholarship and public commentary focus on the considerable movement of people northward toward the United States, most of the millions of migrants from the Americas are in fact, the authors reveal, staying within other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Through a combination of engaging narratives and evidence-based analysis, On the Move tells a story of both triumph and tragedy. The authors explore the complex composition of migration flows and the varied and uneven ways in which host countries in the region have responded. This book takes readers beyond the typical debates on US immigration policy and represents the first comprehensive look at how countries in Latin America and the Caribbean are reacting to an unprecedented wave of people around the world who choose-or are forced-to move across borders.

In A Displaced Nation, Phi-Van Nguyen argues that the displacement of eight hundred thousand mostly Roman Catholic evacuees from North Vietnam in 1954 had a profound impact on the war opposing Saigon on both Hanoi and on the evacuees themselves. Assisting with the transportation, emergency relief, and resettlement of the evacuees allowed diverse organizations and the United States to support Saigon. This transnational mobilization also convinced the evacuees the "free world" would never let Vietnam remain divided.

Many people see the Vietnam wars spanning from 1945 to 1989 as separate conflicts. But Nguyen demonstrates that the evacuees experienced a continuous civil war. A Displaced Nation shows the evacuees felt so validated by transnational support that they thought they could use this external help to return one day to the north. This belief was not constant nor were the strategies to achieve it the same for all, but through their political activism and action the evacuees showed they were willing to seize any opportunity to oppose Hanoi during the subsequent decades, even once established overseas.

Amir Sjarifoeddin explores the experiences of a central figure in the Indonesian revolution, whose life mirrored the idealism and contradictions of the anti-colonial and post-war world of twentieth century Indonesia.

Amir was born at the edge of an empire in a time of change. Imprisoned by the Dutch for anti-colonialism, he was sentenced to death by the Japanese for anti-fascism. He survived to become the prime minister of the new Indonesian republic. Disappointed by the direction the Indonesian elites were taking, Amir turned increasingly to the left. In 1948 he joined the armed uprising against both the Indonesian government and the corruption of the national revolution, and was captured and executed as a traitor.

In Amir Sjarifoeddin, Rudolf Mrazek unveils the human dimensions of a figure who is widely mythologized but often poorly understood. Through Sjarifoeddin's life, it is possible to study the moral ambiguity and complexities of the political revolutions of the twentieth century.

Bad Lieutenants is a riveting account of how the Khmer Rouge remained a force to be reckoned with even after the fall of Democratic Kampuchea-and of the men behind the movement's strange durability.

In 1979, the Vietnamese army seized Phnom Penh, toppling Pol Pot's notoriously brutal regime. Yet the Khmer Rouge did not disintegrate. Instead, the movement continued to rule over swathes of Cambodia for almost another two decades even as it failed to become a legitimate governing organization.

Andrew Mertha argues that the Khmer Rouge's successes and failures were both driven by a refusal to dilute its revolutionary vision. Rather than take the moderate tack required for viable governance, it pivoted between only two political strategies: united front and class struggle. Through the stories of three key leaders-Ieng Sary, Son Sen, and Ta Mok-Mertha tracks the movement's shifting from one strategy to the other until its dissolution in the 1990s.

Vividly written and deeply researched, Bad Lieutenants reveals the powerful grip political ideology can have over the survival of insurgent movements.

Sexual Violence and Predatory Journalism in India examines unethical editorial practices in the reporting of sexual crimes against women in India, introducing the term Predatory Journalism.

This book conceptualises and analyses predatory practices that commodify sexual crimes against women, examining how it is facilitated and motivated by online spaces and social media channels and how it can often result in further harm to victims and their families. It argues for editorial intervention, more regulation, policy measures and legal frameworks that will help build a sensitive and ethical media landscape and rebuild public trust. Key issues examined include sexism, sensationalism, invasion of privacy, victim blaming, media trials, media manipulation of information, armchair reporting, explicit sexual imagery, the usage of unreliable sources and a lack of responsibility and accountability.

Providing a comprehensive analysis of the issue and offering a framework for ethical practice, Sexual Violence and Predatory Journalism in India will be essential reading for scholars and students of media and cultural studies, journalism and sociology interested in the intersection of media and crime in India and its associated ethical challenges.

A Sense of Place and Belonging examines a marginalized society, Chiang Tung (Keng Tung) in the Eastern Shan State of Myanmar, between the dominant cultures of the Burmese, Chinese, and Siamese/Thai. Chiang Tung sits at the historic borderland known as the Golden Triangle, an area marked by drug trade, human trafficking, and civil war. Hiding a glorious literary and visual cultural tradition from the fourteenth century, Chiang Tung is remarkable for how well it has maintained its Buddhist culture in the turbulent history of war and forced resettlement that formed northern Southeast Asia.

Klemens Karlsson examines the connection between the Buddhist traditions, the ancient cult of territory spirits-a cult of the earth, place, and village that forms a kind of religious map-and the monsoon culture of wet rice irrigation. Tying together myths and memories told by local people and written in local chronicles with the unique performance of the Songkran festival, which dramatizes a symbolic agreement between Tai Khuen people and the indigenous Lua/Lawa people, A Sense of Place and Belonging presents a historical, political, religious, and cultural context connecting the present with the past, the local with the global, and tradition with change and transformation.

In Reproducing Revolution, Jenny Hedstroem explores the Kachin revolution in Myanmar from the perspective of female soldiers, female activists, and women displaced by the violence in northern Myanmar. Hedstroem argues that the household is an inherently gendered, militarized, and political space that impacts, and is in turn impacted by, the external conflict with which it coexists. In this context, women's everyday labor-the gendered work of childcare, farming, fighting, and forging connections both across households and between the household and the army and the nation-is key to revolutionary survival. Hedstroem calls this labor militarized social reproduction, and in Reproducing Revolution she demonstrates that such labor is critical to the military effort, and that warfare itself is shaped through everyday domestic action.

The Ecosystem of Exile Politics relays the events in Bhutan that led to the exodus of one-sixth of the population, and then recounts the activism by Bhutan's refugee diaspora that followed in response. Susan Banki asserts that activism functions like a physical ecosystem, in which hubs of activism in different locations interact to pressure the home country.

For Bhutan's refugee mobilizers, physical proximity offers advantages in Nepal and India, where organizing protests, lobbying, and collecting information about government abuse in Bhutan is aided by being close to the homeland. But in an ecosystem of exile politics, proximity is both a boon and a bane. Sites proximate to Bhutan can be spaces of risk and disempowerment, and refugee activists rarely secure legal, political, and social protection. While distant diasporas in the Global North may not be in precarious situations, they cannot tap into the advantages of proximity. In examining these phenomena, The Ecosystem of Exile Politics adds to theoretical understandings of exile politics and to empirical research on Bhutan and its refugee population.

Over one-third of the Indian population is made up of young people aged between 15 and 34 years. Such a large, young population is an asset to any nation, but today, young Indians are grappling with multifarious challenges hindering their growth. This book analyses factors that influence the youth's decision-making processes, their navigation of societal norms, education choices, identity formation, and the evolving perceptions of tradition and modernity. It focuses on the changing patterns of marriage among the Indian youth, the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the ongoing changes in youth transitions and social reproduction in a modern society. The findings presented in the book provide crucial insights into how young Indians perceive their roles within their families, communities, and the broader society. The volume also offers valuable guidance on how to support and empower the next generation to build a resilient and prosperous future.

Lucid, accessible, and empirically grounded, the book is indicative of the momentum and direction of change in the country. It will be useful to scholars and researchers of sociology, political sociology, political studies, youth psychology and anthropology. It will also be of interest to policymakers, journalists, and the interested general reader.

Made in Thailand: Studies in Popular Music serves as a comprehensive and thorough introduction to the history, culture, and musicology of twentieth- and twenty-first century popular music in Thailand. The volume consists of essays by local experts and leading scholars in Thai music and culture, and covers the major figures, styles, and social contexts of popular music in Thailand. Each essay provides adequate context so readers understand why the figure or genre under discussion is of lasting significance.

Discussing musical development and shift of sociocultural spheres of Thai popular music among nationhood, media platforms, and identity politics from the early years to the present, these scholars explore and rethink the connections between the development of Thai popular music and politics of music genres in Thailand. Made in Thailand includes a general introduction to Thai popular music, followed by essays organized into four thematic sections: Histories, Contemporary Issues, Politics of Sound, and Region and Cultural Politics. Offering a comprehensive look at popular music phenomena in the country, Made in Thailand is an essential resource for scholars and students in the fields of popular music studies, ethnomusicology, popular musicology, Asian studies, and Thai studies.

Collectivization Generation is a history of agricultural collectivization in Soviet Uzbekistan, but it is not focused on Party decisions. Instead, Marianne Kamp offers a history of everyday life that relies on oral history accounts from those she calls the collectivization generation. Born between the early 1900s and the early 1920s, the collectivization generation were rural youth who participated in the transformation of agricultural life in the early 1930s as teens or young adults. A top-down restructuring ruptured their predictable life trajectories and created new categories for understanding self and society. For many, the newly formed kolkhozes became their economic, social, and political milieu throughout their working years, shaping their identities and their material lives. In Collectivization Generation, we meet Uzbeks who were driven from their homes by bandits, whose fathers disappeared in the Stalinist gulag, who suffered starvation and orphanhood. We also meet Uzbeks who told of embracing the project of collectivization, of feeling rewarded with dignity, recognition, pay, association with national triumphs, and with the progress represented by a tractor.

The Monumental is an interdisciplinary collection of original, cutting-edge contributions by international researchers pursuing the epistemology and ontology of monuments over time and geography. The contributors are specialists in geography, architectural theory and history, prehistoric, Greek and Roman archaeology, modern art, Byzantine studies, landscape theory, and heritage reception. Against the global climate of flux and uncertainty in the present turbulent world, the durability of monuments as "urban permanences" emerges as one of the few remaining spatial and mental anchorages. As such it is needed, maintained, enhanced, imitated, landscaped, and even invented. In particular, the monumental, a spatial and aesthetic phenomenon of perpetual importance, has recently acquired major new meanings. It now emerges as a key political, spatial, aesthetic, symbolic, architectural, and archaeological manifestation or entity, open to constantly new, even contradictory forms and expressions.

This collection addresses the urgent need for relevant research on the monumental. It breaks new ground by posing fresh questions on the ontology, temporality, purpose, politics, scale, place, contestations, and aesthetics of and around the monumental, from prehistoric time to the present, as well as in both Eastern and Western geographies. Monuments are explored as bearers of the urban majestic, extraordinary and sublime. The Monumental poses questions about changing perceptions, the evocative power of representation, identity construction, ideology and symbolism, the vital necessity for a communicative and active public space around monuments, imitation processes across geographical space-time, as well as the powers that construct, deconstruct, or identify the monumental but also the anti-monumental as such. Geographies of reference are the European space, the United States, and Asia. Wide-ranging theorizations alternate with in-depth analyses of paradigmatic cases. Conventional as well as alternative forms of the monumental in the present shifting world are also pursued.

The Monumental is of great value and interest to scholars, students, and professionals in the fields of architectural theory, history and design, archaeology, art theory and history, Byzantine studies, restoration, urban design and planning, human, urban and cultural geography, cultural studies, social anthropology, Asian studies, as well as those in wider subdisciplines.

This book examines the entanglements and blurred edges of nature conservation and geopolitical relations in the borderlands of the trinational Maya Forest.

Maya Forest is an umbrella term for transboundary conservation developed by scientists and conservationists in the 1990s to protect the threatened rainforest in the borderlands of Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala. Currently, the Maya Forest is a biodiversity hotspot composed of a network of protected areas and heritage sites. However, issues related to water, land, and forests have often been treated as separate political units, and not as part of the same history. Written by two authors with decades of hands-on experience in this region, this book sheds light on the complex dynamics by which conservation and natural resource management geopolitically shape borderlands such as the Maya Forest. The book introduces the novel concept of forest waterlands as borderlands and fluid edges, which are now subject to concern by conservationists. These are entangled spaces in which conservation, peoples, and politics interact, connect, and disconnect with the nexus of waters, forests, and lands. The book sheds light on the building and mapping of the Maya Forest ecoregion, with particular attention to water as an often neglected, but unifying element. It showcases how the Maya Forest is a distinct region characterized by transformations entangled with the Maya, trails of biological stations, the shared history of chicleros (chewing-gum hunters), fluid international rivers and transboundary basins, and various geopolitical discrepancies. It offers a contemporary glimpse into the Maya Forest's intertwined bio- and geopolitics, which urge us to rethink borders and boundaries.

This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of nature conservation, global environmental politics, geopolitics, borderlands, international relations, and natural resource management.

In 1898 the United States became a formal overseas empire and claimed sovereignty over the Philippine islands, justifying its rule in explicitly racial terms. Less than fifty years later, in 1946, Philippine independence was recognized by the United States, even as it continued to exert influence over the domestic and foreign affairs of the newly decolonized Republic. Despite some differences, U.S. control remained racial and imperial.

Enduring Empire shows how U.S. federal state actors translated their ideas of race into state structures. Through innovating constitutional law, bureaucratic administration, and legislation, state actors built a durable and flexible system of racial-imperial rule that not only lasted beyond the period of formal empire but continues to this day. katrina quisumbing king traces debates among U.S. presidents, federal legislators, administrators, and justices about what kind of state the United States should be, the place of nonwhite people in the polity, and the best way to maintain U.S. white hegemony. In charting how state actors' positions-some nativist, isolationist, and protectionist and others expansionist, interventionist, and imperialist-evolved, quisumbing king identifies key moments when they cemented racial ideas into law and reshaped the terms of U.S. racial-imperial formation.

Ambivalent Humanitarianism and Migration Control explores the complex relationship between migrants and local aid organisations. These organisations have become indisputably relevant and highly regarded as allies to Northern Central American migrants trying to reach the United States. Thus, this book examines the implications of humanitarian actors in migration governance and bordering practices, which have serious and long-lasting effects on the lives of migrants.

Through an in-depth research in Mexico, this book suggests that humanitarian organisations are ambivalent institutions because they intend to help and support individuals while reinforcing social and power inequalities. It explores the narratives, roles, and practices of humanitarian workers, and, at the same time, addresses migrants' resistance. From an interdisciplinary approach that employs critical humanitarian perspectives, post/decolonial theories, and criminological studies, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of migration governance and migrants' agency.

A highly informative, insightful, and engaging read, Ambivalent Humanitarianism and Migration Control will appeal to students, scholars, and researchers in migration studies, border studies, sociology, and critical criminology. Given its international scope, it also will be of interest to academics, practitioners, and people in Latin America, the United States, the UK, Europe, and beyond.

This seminal volume offers an interdisciplinary exploration into the rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence and its societal implications. Written by leading scholars Soenke Ziesche and Roman V. Yampolskiy, the book delves into a multitude of topics that address the rapid technological advancements in AI and the ethical dilemmas that arise as a result.

The topics explored range from an in-depth look at AI welfare science and policy frameworks to the mathematical underpinnings of machine intelligence. These subjects include discussions on preserving our personal identity in technological contexts as well as on the question of AI identity, innovative proposals towards the critical AI value alignment problem and a call to merge Western and non-Western approaches towards universal AI ethics. The work also introduces unconventional yet crucial angles, such as the concept of "ikigai" in AI ethics and a pioneering attempt to map a potential AI-driven ikigai universe as well as the role of design formalisation, or "Designometry," in the creation of artefacts.

By offering a balanced mix of theoretical and applied insights, the book serves as an invaluable resource for researchers, policymakers and anyone interested in the future of AI and the extent of its impact on society.

Focusing on the emerging intercultural encounters in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), this book brings together diverse perspectives from the region to explore understandings and practices of interculturality in different educational environments.

Teaching and researching interculturality has received increasing attention from scholars and educators alike in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region due to intensified cross-cultural interactions resulting from recent economic and political changes. In the face of these challenges and complexities, this edited volume aims to (a) develop an in-depth understanding of how interculturality is processed and taught in different educational settings (middle school, high school, and university) by different actors (students, teachers and curriculum designers, policy makers, etc.) and (b) construct context-sensitive, critical, and nuanced perspectives, theories, and practices for teaching and researching interculturality. While 'interculturality' is an overarching notion in this book, the chapters use different 'labels' to refer to interculturality in education, communication, and research, with a particular focus on sociologies of knowledge in seven countries.

This title is essential read for educators, researchers, and policy makers interested in the intersection of language and sociology, as well as intercultural education and communication in the region.

How a largely Latino/a workforce of immigration agents reconciles the moral ambiguities of its work

Immigration agents have a frontline view of the racial, economic, and legal inequalities that undocumented migration reflects-and yet most agents do not think of the role their jobs play in those inequalities. Instead, they consider themselves law enforcers, trained to confine their work strictly to crime control and security. In Bordering on Indifference, Irene Vega offers an original, detailed analysis of the rationales that shape how U.S. immigration agents understand and carry out their professional responsibilities. Drawing on interviews with ninety immigration agents-Border Patrol Agents and ICE Deportation Officers, most of whom are Mexican Americans from the region around the border-Vega examines why they took the job and how their training and socialization shape the ways that they grapple with the racial and moral issues raised by their work.

Vega shows that indifference is the bureaucratic resource that allows agents to look away from the most morally ambiguous aspects of their work and helps them cultivate legitimacy for their employer. She traces the development of the agents' "moral economy"-the configuration of norms, values, and sensibilities that undergirds how they perform their work. She also shows how the immigration system benefits from minoritized bureaucrats' labor. With Bordering on Indifference, Vega opens the closed doors of nondescript government buildings and goes into remote areas of the Southwestern borderlands to uncover the hidden normative world that immigration enforcement agents inhabit.

Responding to growing interest in the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and global concern over climate change, this volume provides an analysis of how our understanding of the relationship between environment and education has evolved during the past 50 years.

Spanning from the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment through to the present day, chapters examine whether our approach to education about environmental sustainability is enacting effective change. Examining the evolution of educational approaches to environmental learning, contexts, and themes, this book moves through the decades, from the 1970s until the 2020s, tracking the impact of historical events and shifting sustainability discourses within education. Through historical, research-based analyses, this book recognises patterns, trends, and countertrends that help critically (re)assess the potential of education in creating a world that is more sustainable than current scientific predictions estimate.

Proposing a set of key considerations for the future of environmental education, this accessible book will be of value to scholars, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners working within sustainability education, environmental research and policy, and teacher education more broadly.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

This book provides a critical assessment of conservation in the Anthropocene grounded in the personal, historical, and cultural development of human interaction with nature.

The author argues that conservation can no longer be primarily about preserving nature but must adapt its efforts to promote changes through which humans create a landscape that is neither abandoned nor degraded but used well by humans and non-humans alike. The book first reviews the origin of ideas and conditions that have led to the concept and classification of the Anthropocene and explores how the author's own interactions with nature were shaped through his experience as a conservation biologist. Next, it considers how humans have come to be the primary drivers of ecological activity, geological events, and climate change. Chapters then focus on the need for new conservation thinking regarding novel ecosystems, urban conservation, the role of Indigenous Peoples in conservation, and the value of protected areas (PAs), parks, and wilderness. The book concludes by identifying strategies for effective conservation and argues for a new formulation of conservation values that redefine human relationships and interaction with nature. Chapters are enlivened by the personal experiences of the author and the first-person narratives of conservation activists and scientists throughout the world who are learning to practice and succeed in conservation efforts under Anthropogenic conditions.

Drawing on global examples, this book will be of great value to students and scholars of biodiversity conservation and environmental science ready to consider a new way of looking at the care and nurture of nature in the Anthropocene.

The Growth-Environment Debate covers economic, population, and material growth, and their turbulent relationship with environmental sustainability. Katz-Rosene identifies five distinct competing discourses, each of which presents different interpretations of the growth-environment relationship, detailing their core claims, arguments, and sets of proponents. Drawing on ecological political economy and discourse analysis, the book enables readers to situate their own ecopolitical economic views within the great growth-environment debate.

This book is an essential read for students, scholars, and researchers of environmental economics, politics, and sociology. It is also valuable for policymakers wanting to learn about the complexities of the relationship between growth and sustainability, providing a detailed understanding of diverse perspectives on the issue.

Ghosts and Things argues that Victorians turned to the dead to understand the material culture of their present. With the rise of spiritualism in Britain in the early 1850s, seances invited participants to contact ghosts using material things, from ordinary household furniture to specialized technologies invented to register the presence of spirits. In its supernatural object lessons, Victorian spiritualism was not just a mystical movement centered on the dead but also a practical resource for learning how to negotiate the uncanniness of life under capitalism.

Aviva Briefel explores how spiritualism compelled seance participants to speculate on the manufacture of spectral clothing; ponder the hidden histories and energies of parlor furniture; confront the humiliations of consumerism as summoned spirits pelted them with exotic fruits; and comprehend modes of mechanical reproduction, like photography and electrotyping, that had the power to shape identities. Briefel argues that spiritualist practices and the objects they employed offered both believers and skeptics unexpected frameworks for grappling with the often-invisible forces of labor, consumption, exploitation, and exchange that haunted their everyday lives.

Ghosts and Things reveals how spiritualism's explorations of the borderland between life and death, matter and spirit, produced a strange and seductive combination of wonder and discomfort that allowed participants to experience the possibilities and precarities of industrial modernity in novel ways.

Sustainability has become a touchstone for development worldwide, promising an antidote to environmental degradation and capitalism's excess: waste. Refusing Sustainability presents a fundamentally different account of sustainability and waste itself by uncovering the intersections of international environmental reforms and racialized labor. In Bulgaria, Roma comprise the bulk of the country's waste workers, while anti-Roma racism casts them as socially disposable. Without their labor, however, the country cannot meet the sustainability targets required by the European Union. Drawing on fieldwork that spans twenty years, including eleven months working alongside Romani women street sweepers, and years embedded in waste organizations, political campaigns, Roma NGOs, and activist groups, Elana Resnick examines the power hierarchies that shape both waste management and European geopolitics.

Instead of focusing on only environmental harms or toxic distributions, Refusing Sustainability approaches Romani life-worlds as spaces of creative production, and also tells several larger stories: of postsocialist racial capitalism, environmental progressivism, democratic failures, mutual aid, and the power of women's friendships. Through these stories, Resnick illuminates how ordinary people, racialized as discardable, resist systems that simultaneously rely on and exclude them.