With this book, Houri Berberian and Talinn Grigor offer the first history of Armenian women in modern Iran. Foregrounding the work of Armenian women's organizations, the authors trace minoritarian politics and the shifting relationships among doubly minoritized Armenian female subjects, Iran's central nodes of power, and the Irano-Armenian patriarchal institutions of church and political parties.

Engaging broader considerations around modernization, nationalism, and feminism, this book makes a conceptually rich contribution to how we think about the history of women and minoritized peoples. Berberian and Grigor read archival, textual, visual, and oral history sources together and against one another to challenge conventional notions of "the archive" and transform silences and absences into audible and visual presences. Understanding minoritarian politics as formulated by women through their various forms of public and intellectual activisms, this book provides a groundbreaking intervention in Iran's history of modernization, Armenian diasporic history, and Iranian and Armenian feminist historiography.

This open access handbook combines multiple theoretical and practical approaches for enabling a nuanced understanding of the phenomenon of marriage in the Arab world. Adopting a holistic, interdisciplinary approach, it provides a framework for the contextual and macro factors surrounding and affecting marriage in the Arab countries. It looks at the different types of marriage, whether traditional or new to the Arab world, and takes a detailed examination of the dialectic of marriage and age. It considers the dynamics surrounding delayed marriages, early marriages, celibacy, marriage costs, and age gaps between spouses. In addition, it examines marital relations vis-a-vis a diverse array of sub-topics, including marital and emotional satisfaction, and violence. It also looks at the relationship between work and marriage, and explores how 'women's work' affects their family relationships and intimacy. Finally, it offers a rich analysis of two core marriage-related issues in the modern Arab world: migration and its positive/negative impacts on the institution of marriage, and marriage in the context of war and conflict, as present in several areas within the Arab region. A sociological magnum opus for social science students and researchers in areas of marriage studies, gender studies, family studies, the sociology of work, peace and conflict studies, human migration, and economics, it is also relevant to policymakers, politicians, social workers, and human rights and migration activists working in the Arab world and beyond.

This book presents a multidimensional approach to understanding the effects of COVID-19 on the lifeworld of the marginalised communities in India. The essays in the volume pursue two interrelated concerns: First, they examine the governance aspect, highlighting institutional failures, a lack of political will, and ideological warfare; second, they firmly position the crisis - as a narrative tool - at the heart of marginality, thereby explaining the effects of COVID-19 on communities that continue to remain at the nation's margins. The volume presents varied voices and granular narratives of sufferings that structured the lives of the poorest and dispossessed in the country during the crisis. It dovetails the reshaping of material forces that were crucially impacted by the failure of governance with the social lifeworld of those containing what can be referred to as intergenerational trauma. This volume offers a robust account of the crisis by combining these two distinct but complementary dimensions of COVID-19 in India.

The volume will greatly interest scholars and researchers in crisis studies, governance, medical anthropology, public policy, politics, sociology, and South Asian studies.

From the outset of the twentieth century, Egyptian and Indian leaders understood their movements for self-determination as linked and part of a shared project. Following World War I, as connections between the Middle East and South Asia proliferated, Egypt and India lay squarely at the heart of increasingly complex and multilateral relations. East of Empire traces how anticolonial nationalism gained momentum across the East and documents the friendships, rivalries, cultural exchanges, and shifting political alliances that came to animate the interwar project of Easternism: a cosmopolitan vision of the world whose center of gravity lay beyond Europe, in the great city of Cairo.

Erin O'Halloran offers a compelling new account of the era immediately preceding decolonization and the epochal partitions of India and Palestine. Alongside well-known figures like Mohandas K. Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Saad Zaghlul, she introduces less familiar but no less intriguing personalities: feminists, diplomats, and poets; surrealists, socialists and spies. Each dreamed, wrote, organized and fought for the liberation of the East-a space universally evoked, though seemingly impossible to pin down. Drawing on a broad cross-section of Indian, Arab, British, and European sources, East of Empire transcends archival partitions to tell a powerful and nearly forgotten set of stories about the rise of anticolonial nationalism and the end of empire across the Middle East and South Asia.

This book explores Rabindranath Tagore's distinctive argument for peace-in spiritual rather than in political-terms. Drawing on seminal texts by Tagore, the book presents the reader with a comprehensive overview of Gurudev's seemingly contradictory notions of individual freedom, universal love for humanity and faith in the great Eastern nation. It underlines Tagore's argument that peace could be best affected not by a league of nations but in educational institutions and that the "Religion of Man" lay in the truth of inter-relationships between human beings.

A concise handy guide to Tagore's philosophy, this book will be essential for students and scholars of philosophy, Tagore studies, peace and conflict studies and South Asian studies.

Trauma-informed practices have become an increasingly essential part of librarianship since the COVID-19 global pandemic. Trauma can result from a single negative event or repeated exposure to negative events over time and can manifest in many forms. Trauma-informed approaches to leadership seek to understand and consider an individual's holistic life experiences, particularly negative consequences of trauma, when determining how to best support and interact with them in the workplace.

The Americas is a region on the move and is both the source and recipient of some of the largest migrations in the world today. While much scholarship and public commentary focus on the considerable movement of people northward toward the United States, most of the millions of migrants from the Americas are in fact, the authors reveal, staying within other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Through a combination of engaging narratives and evidence-based analysis, On the Move tells a story of both triumph and tragedy. The authors explore the complex composition of migration flows and the varied and uneven ways in which host countries in the region have responded. This book takes readers beyond the typical debates on US immigration policy and represents the first comprehensive look at how countries in Latin America and the Caribbean are reacting to an unprecedented wave of people around the world who choose-or are forced-to move across borders.

Bringing together research from the fields of linguistics, education and technology within the dynamic context of South Asia, this timely book investigates the ways in which these fields interact with each other against the backdrop of technological innovation, linguistic diversity and socio-political transformation.

Developing and expanding on findings and insights originating from a conference organised by the Education South Asia Initiative at the University of Oxford, this interdisciplinary book features academic reflections on language politics and diversity as well as empirical insights on linguistic, educational and technological transformations in the region. Featuring analytical and methodological approaches to the study of language and education, chapters range in context from India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, and address a range of issues such as the marginalisation of languages in education and policy, the interactions between language and social hierarchies in the South Asian context, and technology's impact on language education, acquisition, usage and preservation.

Ultimately initiating dialogue on the need for positive changes in language, education research and policy, this book will appeal to scholars, researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of language education, international and comparative education, and education and technology. Policymakers in international development and sociolinguistics may also find the volume of use.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

This open access book develops a typology of cities by exploring how current levels of migration-related diversity and segregation relate to three groups of factors: international mobilities, inequalities and political-institutional aspects of local governance. Based on both quantitative and qualitative data from 16 cities in four European countries (France, Germany, The Netherlands, and Italy), the book compares the cities and uses a method of fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. It demonstrates the shared contingencies of factors among the cities within each type and the crucial differences between the types of localities, and offers a more differentiated, holistic understanding of migration-related diversity configurations through the five conceptualised types: (1) Superdiverse cities, (2) Postindustrial diverse cities. (3) Middle class diverse cities, (4) Divided cities, and (5) Marginal migration cities. As such, the book is a valuable read to all those who would like to learn more about urban migration-related diversity and how it is formed and governed.

Politics of Tranquility concerns the Tibetan Buddhist revival in China, illustrating the lives of Tibetan Buddhist nuns and exploring the political effects that arise from their nonpolitical daily engagements in the remote, mega-sized Tibetan Buddhist encampment of Yachen Gar.

Yasmin Cho's book challenges two assumptions about Tibetan Buddhist communities in China. First, against the assumption that a Buddhist monastic community is best understood in terms of its esoteric qualities, Cho focuses on the material and mundane daily practices that are indispensable to the existence and persistence of such a community and shows how deeply gendered these practices are. Second, against the assumption that Tibetan politics toward the Chinese state is best understood as rebellious, incendiary, and centered upon Tibetan victimhood, the nuns demonstrate how it can be otherwise. Tibetan politics can be unassuming, calm, and self-contained and yet still have substantial political effects. As Politics of Tranquility shows, the nuns in Yachen Gar have called forth an alternative way of living and expressing themselves as Tibetans and as female monastics despite a repressive context.

This book compares the ways in which the national media in two different countries construct (frame) and develop the image of the religious other, in this case Muslims in all their variety. Although it introduces concepts such as race and racism, otherness, Orientalism and Islamophobia, which may be familiar to the majority of readers, in this manuscript they serve the purpose of a comparative analysis which has not been done on the subject to date. The manuscript analyzes the thematic distribution of the articles, as well as the definitions, metaphors and stereotypes used, thus presenting a complete and diverse image of Muslims along with the similarities and differences in the thinking patterns employed by Bulgarians and British on the subject and expressed in the respective mainstream media. In this respect the manuscript fills a void in the scholarly literature on the ways the media discourses in two very different countries present the image of a religious group. Here we can even talk about the existing divide between East and West and the changing perception of the religious Other fostered by the general digitalization and free flow of information.

As English is an international language it undeniably makes access to information easier, however, there are not many culture specific studies presenting the current state of a problem or the analyses on that particular topic (the image of Muslims) in that international medium. Therefore, the manuscript aims at introducing English speaking scholars, students, media people, and generally everyone interested in the topic, to the Bulgarian way of seeing, depicting and talking about Muslims. As stated above, the manuscript draws parallels between the language used by the Bulgarian and the British media, thus providing a similar starting point as the majority of the potential readers are probably more familiar with the latter. In addition, scholars working extensively with other local cultures and/or media and resorting to English as a medium for the popularization of their research, can use the presented analytical frame to their specific analyses and contribute even further to the enrichment of the global data base on the topic.

We need a new realism in the face of global climate catastrophe.

Extreme heat, fires, floods, and storms are transforming our planet. Yet instead of serious responses from world leaders, we get increasing emissions, divisive politics, and ersatz solutions that offer more of the same: more capitalism, more complexity, more "progress."

The impasse we face is not only political and institutional, but cognitive, existential, and narrative. We're incapable of grasping the scale, speed, and impact of global warming. Our brains can't make sense of how radically our world is changing. And we optimistically cling to a civilizational narrative that promises a better tomorrow if we just keep doing what we're doing.

It's well past time, Roy Scranton argues, to free ourselves from our dangerous and dogmatic faith in progress. Such unwarranted optimism will only accelerate our collective disintegration. If we want to have any hope at all for the future, it must be grounded in a recognition of human limits-a view Scranton calls ethical pessimism.

Drawing from psychology, philosophy, history, and politics, as well as film, literature, and personal experience, Scranton describes the challenges we face in making sense of our predicament, from problems in communication to questions of justice, from the inherent biases in human perception to the difficulties of empirical knowledge. What emerges is a challenging but ultimately hopeful proposition: if we have the courage to accept our limits, we may find a way to embrace our unknowable future.

This book examines the contributions made by the governments, organisations and African people 'on the ground' throughout the continent towards the realisation of the South African dream in 1994. The chapters provide detailed insight into the roots of the continent's liberation from colonialism. The subject matter in this book also discusses:

• The anti-apartheid struggle
• Caribbean solidarity with the South African struggle
• Botswana's role in South African liberation
• Black internationalism
• The involvement of the ANC

Print editions not for sale in Sub-Saharan Africa. This book is part of Routledge's co-published series 30 Years of Democracy in South Africa, in collaboration with UNISA Press, which reflects on the past years of a democratic South Africa and assesses the future opportunities and challenges.

This book presents a detailed study of the political journalism of Ruth First - an independent thinker and a headstrong journalist who stood her ground in a male-dominated liberation movement. A product of information gathering which began in South Africa in 1986 (at a time when discussing communism exposed one to the possibility of imprisonment without trial), the subject matter in this book discusses her unwavering commitment and contribution to a free press.

Print editions not for sale in Sub-Saharan Africa. This book is part of Routledge's co-published series 30 Years of Democracy in South Africa, in collaboration with UNISA Press, which reflects on the past years of a democratic South Africa and assesses the future opportunities and challenges.

Chapters delve into specific applications of big data and AI including mobility, tourism, and land use, drawing on case studies from diverse urban environments across Europe and North America. Expert authors evaluate future opportunities for leveraging these technologies, addressing the integration of machine learning into spatial econometric models, the use of self-organizing maps to study demographic shifts, and novel approaches to simulating contagion patterns during pandemics. Ultimately, the Handbook emphasizes the potential of AI to contribute to social good.

Academics and students in human geography, regional and urban studies, economics, sociology, and management will benefit from this multidisciplinary and comprehensive Handbook. Combining theoretical insights with practical applications, it is also a valuable resource for policymakers and practitioners interested in the ongoing digital transformation of urban spaces.

Bringing together theories from different research backgrounds, chapters engage with degrowth in the context of dance, migration, strategy games, fashion, and solarpunk among others. The book also investigates the impact of capitalist-colonial-patriarchal hierarchies on relationships at the personal and global level, reflecting on key forms of resistance and highlighting opportunities to break away from colonial legacies. Ultimately, authors emphasize the indispensable role of degrowth strategies in cultivating an inclusive and sustainable future based on justice and equity.

Students and scholars of economics, geography, politics, and sustainability studies will benefit from this book's forward-thinking analysis of degrowth. Its interdisciplinary focus also makes this a valuable resource for academics in fields such as architecture, feminist and queer studies, and literary studies.

London Arts Based Research Centre's 2025 recipient of the Susan Rowland Award for Jungian Arts-Based Research

Focusing on one of the most significant and critical issues facing the world today, this important book explores multiple aspects of climate change through the use of Jungian symbols and "signs" of this environmental shift, while diving deep into the politics of loss in reaction to climate chaos, uncertainty, and ambiguity.

Despite the imminent threat of ecological crisis, many treat this existential crisis as something that can be pushed to the side, ignored, and denied. The loss of natural habitats, species, land, human life, and health continues, acknowledged or not. Unconsciously, a necessary process of grief is bubbling up from the depths as a reaction to this climate crisis. This grief, often disguised as anger or inaction, can lead to individual and political action if it is engaged consciously and directed with purpose. From forest fires, to melting ice, to bleached coral, and warming oceans, within the chapters of this book, each sign of our changing planet is explored in depth from multiple perspectives. Through this exploration, each is revealed as a Jungian symbol encompassing so much more than we consciously comprehend. Each symbol is brought to life in the context of this political, communal, and individual space of loss, transforming a subversive grieving process into creative, conscious action.

This is essential and accessible reading for those within the fields of depth psychology, environmental sciences, humanities, and politics, as well as anyone wishing to gain more insight into the current climate crisis and their place within it.

Lasting from September 1980 to August 1988, the Iran-Iraq War was the longest conventional war fought between two states in the twentieth century. It marked a period that began just after a revolutionary government in Iran became an Islamic Republic and Saddam Hussein consolidated power in Iraq. It ended with both wartime governments still in power, borders unchanged, yet hundreds of thousands of people dead. Neither side emerged as a clear victor, but both sides would eventually claim victory in some form.

Dust That Never Settles considers how Iraqi and Iranian writers have wrestled with representing the Iran-Iraq War and its legacy, from wartime to the present. It demonstrates how writers from both countries have transformed once militarized, officially sanctioned war literatures into literatures of mourning, and eventually, into vehicles of protest that presented powerful counternarratives to the official state narratives. In writing the first comparative study of the literary output of this war, Amir Moosavi presents a new paradigm for the study of modern Middle Eastern literatures. He brings Persian and Arabic fiction into conversation with debates on the political importance of cultural production across the Middle East and North Africa, and he puts an important new canon of works in conversation with comparative literary and cultural studies within the Global South.

In Mirages of Reform, Steve L. Monroe argues that geopolitics and social connections between state and capital underpin the Arab world's uneven trade policies. Despite decades of international pressure, neoliberal trade policy reform in the Arab world has been varied, selective, and often ineffective. Neoliberal trade policies have not deepened international trade in many of the region's markets. This book explains why.

When the region's regimes have strong support from global powers and strong social connections to the industrial elite, they engage in extensive but deceptive trade policy reform. Behind an edifice of neoliberal trade policies, neopatrimonial forms of protectionism like tax evasion and noncompetitive procurement shield the socially connected from international competition and obstruct actual trade liberalization. Industrialists are less trustful of regime promises of neopatrimonial protectionism after reform when they have weak social connections to their regime and their regime has low support from global powers. They are more likely to defend existing protectionist policies under these conditions, resulting in less trade policy reform.

Drawing on interviews, firm- and industry-level data, and evidence from Jordan to Morocco, Mirages of Reform reveals how international and domestic factors interact to shape the Arab world's rugged trade policy terrain. Insightful and well researched, this book imparts important lessons and warnings about the repercussions of economic reform in the region.

Starting in the 1970s, Palestinian theater flourished as part of a Palestinian cultural spring. In the absence of local radio, television, and uncensored journalism, theater production became the leading form of artistic expression, and Palestinian theater artists self-identified as a movement. Although resistance was not their sole function, these theater makers contributed to an active cultural resistance front. With this book, Samer Al-Saber tells the story of the Palestinian Theater Movement over nearly three decades, as they created plays and productions that articulated versions of Palestinian identity, critiqued social norms, celebrated and extended Palestinian cultural values, and challenged the power disparity created by the Occupation.

The struggles between Palestinian theater artists and Israeli authorities form the central relationships in this history. Al-Saber juxtaposes the agency of Palestinian theater artists, in their determination to perform against immense challenges, with the power of Israeli authorities to grant or deny permission to theatrical productions. The legal structure of institutionalized censorship prevented Palestinian artists from expressing their chosen message, and the theater movement's search for permission to perform illuminates the disparity in power between the occupier and the occupied. In writing the first history of the Palestinian Theater Movement, Al-Saber amplifies necessary voices in this Palestinian cultural history, told from below.

Filming in European Cities explores the effort behind creating screen production locations. Ipek A. Celik Rappas accounts the rising demand for original and affordable locations for screen projects due to the growth of streaming platforms. As a result, screen professionals are repeatedly tasked with chores such as transforming a former factory in Istanbul to resemble a war zone in Aleppo, or finding a London street that evokes Barcelona.

Celik Rappas highlights the pivotal role crew members play in transforming cities and locations into functional screen settings. Examining five European media capitals-Athens, Belfast, Berlin, Istanbul, and Paris-the book delves into the overlooked aspects of location-related screen labor and its ability to generate production value. Filming in European Cities demonstrates that in its perpetual quest for authentic filming locations, the screen industry extracts value from cities and neighborhoods, their marginalized residents, and screen labor, enriching itself through this triple exploitation.