Reinsuring Clauses provides a comparative English/US law study of the full reinsurance clause (as original and follow the settlements/follow the fortunes) and the related matters.

The reinsured's burden of proof of loss in its claim against the reinsurers is often contentious, and there are regular arbitrations and judicial proceedings in the leading common law jurisdictions to which this book will be relevant. The book concerns the legal nature of reinsurance agreements, the means by which terms of reinsurance policies can be derived or incorporated from underlying insurances, the effect on judgments, arbitration awards, and settlements on reinsured's claims against reinsurers, variations of the follow the settlements clauses, reinsured's post-settlement allocation of loss in a claim against reinsurers, and the operation of claims provisions. This second edition updates and expands on the content, including a chapter on different types of reinsurance, formation of reinsurance contracts, cut-through clauses, and aggregation clauses. Developments integrated include the presumption of back-to-back cover applied to non-proportionate reinsurance, the meaning of first loss reinsurance explained by the courts, and Section 13A being added to the Insurance Act 2015.

The readership for this book will include insurance and reinsurance practitioners, brokers, students studying insurance and reinsurance law, and academics in this field.

This book examines the legal and regulatory aspects of cryptocurrencies and assets and the blockchain system on which they are based. It also considers the emerging practical issues involved. The analysis covers a range of economies across the world, such as the USA, Europe, Asia, and Islamic states. The book describes, explains, and analyses the nature of the issues in these major world economies and considers relevant law and regulation and their shortcomings.

New to this second edition:

• consideration of the wide-ranging potential of blockchain-based systems beyond cryptocurrencies and the opportunities that it presents
• coverage of the differing regulatory approaches adopted by the G20 economies and major international bodies such as OECD and IMF and a wide range of national states
• an exploration of how blockchain-based products can function under the main school of Islamic law
• analysis of secure operating environments for cryptocurrencies and assets, and how to best balance risk and innovation.

Law and Regulation of Cryptocurrencies and Cryptoassets will be a valuable resource for students as well as academics, lawyers, regulators, and anyone involved with cryptocurrencies and blockchain.

Readers of Off-hire in Merchant Shipping: Law and Practice will gain a comprehensive understanding of off-hire clauses, their legal and practical implications, and how they function to balance the interests of shipowners and charterers in maritime shipping.

The book provides valuable insights into the mechanisms used to allocate losses resulting from delays and the contractual provisions governing these situations. For practitioners, this book solves the problem of navigating the complexities of off-hire clauses in maritime contracts by presenting the information in an accessible manner. It equips them with the knowledge required to effectively manage disputes, understand the rights and obligations of involved parties, and ensure the smooth operation of commercial relationships. The book's unique feature is its reader-friendly approach to explaining the intricacies of off-hire clauses and maritime law, making it suitable for both professionals and those who are new to the field. This approach addresses the challenge of accessibility often faced by readers when dealing with complex legal topics, ensuring they can efficiently apply the acquired knowledge in practice.

Written for ship owners, ship charterers, ship managers, maritime investors (bankers and financial institutions), maritime lawyers, maritime insurers, policy-makers and practitioners, the book will also be relevant to postgraduate and PhD students, researchers and academics active in this field.

This book explores airport charges regulation, presenting a fresh perspective on a crucial yet marginalized subject. Providing a clear pathway for regulation of the economic aspects of airports, specifically charges, the book employs an adaptable approach grounded in private law principles.

Challenging the conventional command-and-control model of traditional regulation that once governed airports, the book contends that an agile private law approach offers a more responsive and efficient means of overseeing airport charges in the face of increasing complexity within the industry. Within this overarching approach, two key instruments emerge. First, the book demonstrates the effectiveness of contracts as a powerful tool for integrating regulations on airport charges. Second, the cultivation of robust corporate governance is posited as a mechanism that naturally instigates effective regulation. Through illuminating the efficacy of a private law approach, the book demonstrates how this innovative approach not only works as a regulatory mechanism for airport charges but can also be applied within the broader spectrum of infrastructure regulation.

The book will be of interest to researchers in the field of air law, contract law, corporate law, competition law, and aviation business and management, employing case studies to illustrate its points.

This book focuses on exploring the profound interplay between China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the international rules system. As the most ambitious and far-reaching infrastructure and development initiative of the twenty-first century, the BRI holds immense significance for global governance, legal frameworks, and international collaboration. Through an in-depth examination of its influence across economic, trade, civil, commercial, and public law, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of how the BRI reshapes and evolves existing legal systems and frameworks.

The book begins by analyzing the dual interaction between the BRI and the existing international rules system, highlighting the Initiative's alignment with and divergence from prevailing global norms. It situates the BRI within the broader theoretical framework of fostering a community with a shared future for humankind, offering insights into its strategic objectives and philosophical underpinnings. By doing so, it lays the groundwork for understanding the BRI's transformative potential in international relations. Subsequent chapters delve into the BRI's contributions to the development of international economic and trade rules. The text explores critical focus areas and challenges within international economic law, including the legal complexities arising from cross-border investments, trade agreements, and regional development strategies. The book examines how the BRI drives the evolution of these frameworks, addressing issues such as equitable development, legal harmonization, and institutional innovation. In the realm of civil and commercial rules, the book highlights the BRI's impact on private international law, discussing its role in shaping dispute resolution frameworks, contract law, and legal cooperation. It also investigates the challenges and opportunities that arise as participating nations navigate differences in legal traditions and governance models. The text presents a detailed analysis of the BRI's contribution to enhancing international legal predictability and fostering mutual trust among its stakeholders.

This edited volume examines how recent technological innovations are transforming European insurance law, focusing on critical issues such as transparency, information duties, fairness, and the regulation of insurance contracts for both professional and private policyholders. While new business models, like digital platforms and robo-advisory services, are rapidly emerging, European law has yet to provide a sufficiently tailored regulatory response. The current sectoral framework, notably Directive (EU) 2016/97 on insurance distribution (IDD), offers a general, principle-based approach, but lacks the specificity needed to effectively address innovative digital insurance distribution models. In parallel, broader regulatory initiatives such as the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AI Act) and the Digital Services Act (DSA) are poised to reshape the digital insurance ecosystem. The EU AI Act introduces horizontal rules governing AI systems, including those used in automated underwriting, risk profiling, and robo-advisory services, thereby directly affecting the design and accountability of algorithmic tools in insurance distribution, especially those deemed high-risk. The DSA imposes new responsibilities on digital platforms, with potential implications for InsurTech firms acting as intermediaries or aggregators. Additionally, there is ongoing uncertainty as to whether existing consumer protection instrument, such as the Unfair Contract Terms Directive (93/13/EEC), the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive (2005/29/EC), and the Omnibus Directive (2019/2161/EC), are sufficient to address the novel risks and challenges posed by digital insurance services. Meanwhile, regulatory guidance from supervisory bodies such as EIOPA and national authorities is increasingly addressing InsurTech-related legal questions in a more targeted manner. By providing a normative and comparative legal analysis, this volume addresses a significant gap in current scholarship. It calls on legal scholars and insurance experts to reassess the role of technology in shaping EU insurance law and to reflect on whether the regulatory principle of technological neutrality remains viable. Ultimately, the book argues for an integrated regulatory approach that aligns socio-technical governance with the specific demands of insurance law, ensuring effective consumer protection in an increasingly digital landscape.

From the perspective of the market, this book discusses the basic theories and operation mechanism of intellectual property transactions based on the behavior choice theory, aiming to deeply understand how the specific systems and rules of intellectual property are operated or applied beyond the external form of system application.

China's long-standing intellectual property legal doctrines and the corresponding knowledge system (whether legislative, judicial or theoretical research) deserve reflection in three aspects: (i) the neglect of market principles; (ii) the lack of behaviorism research perspectives and methods, and (iii) the lack of systematic degree of existing research. This book is an introspection on the basic theoretical research of intellectual property in China from the above three aspects.

This book closely focuses on the coupling relationship between "system implementation" and "behavior choice," along with the logical context of intellectual property transactions, the institutional mechanism behind the specific transaction forms is investigated, and its benefits are analyzed. And, the essence of the economic mechanism of the intellectual property system is deeply interpreted from both theoretical and practical aspects.

The target audience is intellectual property law researcher, and the content level is the theoretical foundation research.

Starting from the principles of the entitlement of intellectual property, this book tries to reveal the institutional implication of the creation of right, the boundary of right and the attribute of right. And, this book also tries to sort out the matching attribute between the existing intellectual property systems and the operation of the intellectual property market. Finally, by analyzing the correlation between the market environment and the subject's behavior choice, this book tries to clarify the internal logic between "system," "market" and "behavior." These aforesaid features will help IP researchers deeply understand how existing legal systems and rules affect specific intellectual property transactions.

The astronomy lecturing trade in Britain experienced a theatrical turn in the early 1800s, as practitioners relied on larger and more elaborate visual aids to enhance the scenic and dramatic effects of their traveling spectacles. Commercial and Sublime explores this phenomenon in the long nineteenth century, a time when astronomical shows rose in popularity and the lecturing trade developed a commercial side where business, profits, and competition took center stage. Astronomy lecturing during this period, Hsiang-Fu Huang reveals, also heavily exploited the notion of the sublime, where displays and the rhetoric of awe and wonder were meant to arouse religious sentiment by pointing to the sublimity of the universe and the Creator behind it. His book explores the various practitioners, sites, curriculums, apparatus, and audiences of popular astronomy lectures, focusing specifically on those outside the scientific elite whose commercial endeavors opened up a flourishing market for various types of performances, including Lent shows in theaters, courses in learned or mechanics' institutes, and itinerant lectures around provincial towns and in the surrounding countryside.

This book comprehensively explains the meaning, scope, and applications of all important clauses in business contracts. The clauses include, among others, integration, no oral modification, termination, damages and indemnity clauses. The book engages the reader with its innovative approach that the clauses are founded on common sense principles of contract law. It draws from the English court judgments, mostly the United Kingdom Supreme Court and the Court of Appeal, which have been at the forefront in expeditiously interpreting the contract terms. As the same clauses are being used everywhere, the book is relevant in all the jurisdictions. The contract terms are being borrowed, adopted and adapted globally and the courts are interpreting the meaning and scope of the terms. Business managers, business leaders, government officers and policy makers, world over, work with domestic and international contracts and will find take-aways from the book. Students of business management and business studies can use it as a textbook for elective courses in business management on negotiating and managing business contracts. It can also be used as a textbook for executive education of business managers and government officers.

This second edition of Norwood Russell Hanson's Constellations and Conjectures, a philosophical history of astronomy originally published in 1973, provides significant updates and corrections to the original text. The new edition also features an introduction by Matthew D. Lund, author of N.R. Hanson: Observation, Discovery, and Scientific Change (Humanity Books, 2010), that contextualizes the book and Hanson's legacy.

Hanson, a driving force behind the creation of History and Philosophy of Science (HPS) as a new subject of study in the post-war period, saw history and philosophy of science as mutually interdependent and illuminating. Hanson brought Wittgensteinian ordinary language philosophy to bear on the concepts of science, and his treatments of observation, discovery, and the theory-ladenness of scientific facts remain central to the philosophy of science. Additionally, Hanson was one of philosophy's great personalities, and his charm and sense of humor come through clearly in the pages of Constellations and Conjectures.

Hanson's vivid writing and drawings bring to life humanity's perennial fascination for the heavens. While some might view the history of science as a repository of error and confusion, Hanson argues that intelligibility emerges incrementally and, in the end, triumphantly, as history unfolds. Astronomy's history is viewed as a sort of grand romance where the ideals of prediction and explanation continually elude and evade each other, until their destined union. This book is of interest to scholars of philosophy and the history of astronomy.

This volume explores the work of Mary B. Hesse (1924-2016), a pivotal figure in twentieth-century philosophy of science. At a time when the foundations of an integrated approach to the history and philosophy of science were being established, Hesse, as a female philosopher, offered a distinctive and influential contribution grounded in a post-empiricist understanding of the natural sciences. Central to her thought was a focus on the metaphorical and analogical value of scientific language, in contrast to views assessing its literal significance. Hesse also departed from traditional hypothetico-deductive accounts of scientific methodology and theory structure, advancing instead perspectives rooted in both historical and contemporary scientific practices.
To mark the centenary of her birth, this book brings together an international group of scholars to re-examine and engage with Hesse's intellectual legacy. The chapters address the central themes of her work and situate them within her broader philosophical context. Each contribution adopts a cross-disciplinary perspective, highlighting the continued relevance of Hesse's ideas to current debates in the philosophy of science.
This volume will be of particular interest to scholars in the history and philosophy of science, as well as those engaged in gender studies and the study of women in philosophy.