Kipyego Cheluget and Stephen Wright evaluate the legacy of Kenya's first president, Jomo Kenyatta.

Following a nationalist uprising and brutal colonial repression, Kenya became independent in December 1963. With much of the agricultural land still under European settler control, Jomo Kenyatta promoted foreign and security policies to balance Kenyan, African, and settler interests, attracting foreign investment into the new country. Kenyatta's programs, however, favored the West and established a growing need for British and American security guarantees to sustain Kenya in an increasingly unstable Eastern African region. In this book, Cheluget and Wright show that despite the growing pressures within Kenyan civil society for diversification of policies and redistribution of economic wealth, Kenyatta consistently maintained pro-western policies until his death in 1978. This book is split into 3 parts. Part I discusses the growth of Kenyan nationalism, the end of the colonial era, and the birth of the Kenyan State. Part II considers the political economy and development strategies of the Kenyan State. Part III assesses the degree of continuity of the succeeding leadership portrayed from the Jomo Kenyatta presidency. Through this detailed analysis, the authors examine Kenyatta's policies and examine how successive Kenyan presidents have largely maintained his policies and venerated his legacy.

Comparative in approach and organised around key themes, such as the media, political participation and elections, European Politics guides you through the political institutions, processes and issues that matter in Europe today. In this fifth edition, Tim Bale and new co-author Jens Meijen build on this well-established text to include extensive coverage of recent events and current political trends in Europe's fast-changing landscape.

With debating boxes, country profiles, up-to-date scholarship, data and examples, this textbook is the perfect companion for anyone who wants to develop their understanding of Europe's politics. It is suitable for use on Comparative European Politics and European Union Politics courses, as well as courses on Comparative Politics more broadly.

This new edition offers:
- More Central and Eastern European examples and case studies
- Updated coverage of recent events including the climate emergency, the cost of living crisis and rampant inflation, the ongoing fallout from Brexit, and Europe's response to the Covid-19 pandemic and Russia's war in Ukraine.
- Full analysis of the most pressing issues in Europe today, including sustainability, digitalization, disinformation, populism and citizen participation.

Accompanying resources for supporting teaching and learning can be found at www.bloomsburyonlineresources.com/european-politics-5e

This is the must-have introduction to the European Union. A primer on the EU's history, institutions, and politics, this brief and engaging textbook reviews the challenges and opportunities faced by the EU, from the democratic deficit and the potential of future enlargement to the spread of nationalism, the threats posed by a belligerent Russia, and the international shockwaves caused by the second Trump administration. In a rapidly changing world, understanding the personality and prospects of the European Union is now more important than ever before, and this popular text - in a fully revised new edition - provides a succinct and enlightening account of the EU's domestic and global impact.

The ideal guide for all undergraduate and postgraduate courses in political science, global affairs and European studies, it is also a valuable starting point for anyone seeking to learn about the EU.

New to this Edition:
- Chapter previews offer summaries designed to make content clearer and easier to approach
- Boxes from earlier editions have been re-organized thematically to ask critical questions about the EU, to give examples of the EU at work, and to make comparisons.
- A Glossary has been added to the end of the book that brings together key terms.
- Maps have been carefully and thoroughly revised to provide important visual references.
- Content has been updated to include coverage of the 2024 European Parliament elections and changes in the leadership of the major EU institutions.
- A thorough update has been made of changes in the global order, including the impact of the wars in Ukraine and Gaza, the evolving state of EU-China relations, and the effects on transatlantic trade and security of changes in US policy.

Foreign Intervention and Radicalization in Somalia: How and When Does Conflict Evolve into Violence (2001 -2009) analyzes political violence within a broader political context in which the mobilization of social movements takes place. The central focus of this book is to explain the social mechanisms through which the radicalization processes unfolded on the part of al-Shabaab between 2001 and 2009 in Somalia. H. Ibrahim Alegoez traces the intricate interactions of social mechanisms that gave rise to the steady escalation of more militant forms of conflict from a relational, dynamic, and process-oriented perspective.
The book offers an alternative approach to the existing models linking violence to ideological preferences, cultural templates, or ethnic and state-centric pathologies. Alegoez argues that historical and contentious political interactions play a crucial role in explaining violence. The author demonstrates how the interests of local, regional, and international actors have overlapped within the Global War on Terror framework. The book finds that radicalization dynamics have undergone two consecutive episodes of contentious social interactions that, at the onset, were related to the formation of the Mogadishu-based warlord alliance and escalated following the Ethiopian military intervention in Somalia. It prompted a power vacuum which allowed al-Shabaab to expand its tactical repertoire of action and modify its target preferences into a relatively institutionalized, aggressive, and clandestine character.

Key Features:

• Over 50 focused entries, each discussing how digital technologies affect or could impact the entrepreneurship process
• Contributions from leading scholars and emerging scholars as well as practitioners offering diverse and international viewpoints on digital entrepreneurship
• Dialogues about digital entrepreneurship trends valuable for academic audiences but also accessible to practitioners and suitable for classroom discussions
• An Introduction furnishing a thoughtful overview of the increasing convergence of the physical and digital worlds and why it fundamentally nuances, and extends, what we (think we) know about entrepreneurship

This Encyclopedia is a vital reference for scholars and students of entrepreneurship, business and management, and innovation and technology. Practitioners will also benefit from its coverage of foundational concepts, cutting-edge debates, and forecasts.

Critically examining how Western-funded NGO interventions have shaped post-conflict recovery in Northern Uganda, Elias O. Opongo argues that the liberal peace agenda-focused on democracy promotion, market reforms, and human rights-often marginalizes local agency and undermines culturally rooted approaches to peacebuilding.
Drawing on extensive fieldwork and grounded theory, Opongo explores how these externally driven models disconnect from the lived realities of conflict-affected communities. He introduces relational constructionism as a framework that emphasizes participatory, context-sensitive, and indigenous approaches-such as the Acholi Mato Oput ritual-that center dialogue, reintegration, and restorative justice.
The book also critiques the role of international actors, particularly the International Criminal Court (ICC), whose interventions can clash with local reconciliation efforts. Opongo's findings in Northern Uganda offer critical insights for other post-conflict African contexts dominated by donor-driven peacebuilding. He calls for a decolonial shift toward frameworks that restore African agency, reduce dependency, and prioritize community-led solutions for sustainable peace. This book is essential reading for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers seeking more inclusive, grounded, and transformative peacebuilding models in Africa and beyond.

Few regions have transformed as consequentially as Asia in the twenty-first century. In recent decades, China has risen faster than its neighbours and today outranks its major proximate competitors - India and Japan - on economic and defence indices by huge margins. The United States' interest in balancing against China is especially significant for India, because the contradictions between New Delhi and an increasingly assertive Beijing are the sharpest in the region.

In this Adelphi book, C. Raja Mohan delineates the prospects for an Indian role in structuring a new Asian geopolitical order. Grounding his analysis in the (often neglected) evolution of modern Indian foreign and security policies from the colonial era to the twenty-first century, Mohan argues that China's rise has compelled India to discard its traditional ambivalence about Chinese power and counter Beijing by strengthening its own national power and developing partnerships with other states, primarily the US. In addition to considering potential challenges to the emerging US-India strategic relationship, the book evaluates India's likely contributions to a new Asian security, political and economic order in the light of both New Delhi's enduring regional interests and the policy changes envisioned by the second Trump administration.

The fourth edition of this popular core textbook provides wide-ranging coverage of the structure, workings, policies and performance of international organizations such as the UN, EU, IMF and World Bank. Such organizations have never been so important in addressing the challenges that face our increasingly globalised world. This book introduces students to theories with which to approach international organizations, their history, and their ability to respond to contemporary issues in world politics from security and defence and climate change, to trade, migration and refugees, human rights protection, and international development. Underpinning the text is the authors' unique model that views international organizations as actual organizations. Reacting to world events, political actors provide the 'inputs' which are converted by the political systems of these organizations into 'outputs' that achieve varying levels of real-world impact and effectiveness.

This is the perfect text for undergraduate and postgraduate students of politics and international relations taking courses on international organization and global governance, as well as essential reading for those studying the UN, the EU and globalization.

New to this Edition:
- Draws on the most recent research in the field and considers some of the significant world events of the last decade to ensure that the book is completely up to date.
- New separate chapters considering NATO, international organizations in the field of migration and refugees as well as a new chapter on regional organizations such as the African Union, ASEAN and MERCOSUR.
- Fully accounts for the challenges to international organizations by the emerging powers, the Trump administration, geopolitics and crises of legitimacy.

Is the cosmos itself conscious, and could our minds be aspects of its vast, overarching consciousness?

In this ambitious and original study, Khai Wager defends cosmopsychism, the view that the universe as a whole is conscious and that individual minds like ours derive from this cosmic consciousness. Wager situates cosmopsychism within what he calls the landscape of fundamental consciousness, bringing it into productive dialogue with closely related views such as panpsychism, panqualityism, and perennialism. The result is a fresh perspective on one of philosophy's deepest puzzles: the nature and origin of consciousness.

The problem of phenomenal consciousness asks how subjective experience can emerge from non-conscious matter. Fundamental approaches reject the idea that consciousness arises from non-conscious matter, instead proposing that it is present at the most basic level of reality. Panpsychism-the most prominent such view-holds that all fundamental microphysical entities are conscious. This, however, leads to the combination problem: how do billions of micro-level minds combine to form distinct macro-level minds like ours? Cosmopsychism offers a radical alternative: rather than being formed from a combination of micro-level instances of consciousness, individual minds derive from a larger, cosmic-level consciousness. As a result, cosmopsychism sidesteps the combination problem entirely. However, a new and equally pressing challenge arises-the derivation problem: how do individual minds derive from the cosmic consciousness?

Through rigorous and insightful analysis, Wager argues that cosmopsychism can navigate these problems and offers a compelling alternative to both physicalism and panpsychism. As such, this first book-length treatment of cosmopsychism makes an illuminating contribution to debates about the nature of reality and our place within it.

What are the mainsprings of international rivalry and conflict and how are they to be uncovered - by international relations theory, history or by the practice of diplomacy? Cyprus is ideal for thoroughly testing theory and practice. The island has been at the epicentre of international relations rivalry throughout its history and to this day Cyprus remains a geopolitical tinder-box with acute tension between Cyprus and Turkey over the Turkish occupation of a third of the island. Hostility has now been transferred to the forum of the EU, with Cyprus as a member and the US and Britain pushing for Turkey to join. Meanwhile in the geopolitical hinterland, Russia remains suspicious of the island's British bases which project NATO power in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. William Mallinson's approach in analyzing Cyprus' problems and the dangers for international relations is unique. He applies practical hands-on experience of international diplomacy with academic research as an historian and international relations theorist.
Mallinson applies international theory to his minute analysis of revealing documents - the life-blood of the historian of diplomacy - and shows how historical research provides the essential basis for international relations theory.

Chapters present essential background knowledge as well as an actionable course plan and syllabus that allows teachers to prepare for and organise UN and EU simulations. The chapter contents are designed in order to support students to successfully act as delegates for an assigned country and thus gain a unique understanding of political practice. Ultimately, the book transmits how political action shapes the practice of transnational politics.

Practising Transnational Politics is a valuable resource for scholars, students and educators of international relations, politics, EU studies and public policy looking to enhance their engagement in the UN, the EU, and simulations. It is also beneficial for those interested in participating in or preparing others for Model United Nations, Model European Union or other model simulations.

Organised into three parts, each of which investigate a different area of concern, chapters outline key theoretical approaches and historical developments, identify the mechanisms and practices through which cultural diplomacy is enacted and reflect on critical contemporary challenges. The book showcases case studies on a range of topics, including Australian sports diplomacy in the Pacific, cultural relations at the Venice Biennale and K-pop as a vehicle of Korean museum diplomacy. It further sheds light on crucial concepts such as 'nation brand' and 'soft power'. Featuring expert contributors from across the globe, this definitive volume presents diverse insights into the rapidly evolving field of cultural diplomacy and relations.

Scholars and students of international relations, political science and public policy will greatly benefit from this illuminating book. With a broad scope covering education, sport, arts and media, it is also a helpful resource for policymakers and practitioners working in NGOs and government institutions, as well as creative producers, artists and community leaders.

The European Union (EU) faces immediate and long-term challenges as it responds to the changing nature of the 21st-century global order. While the EU is the world's most successful multilateral institution that continues to attract applications from prospective member states, it faces the challenge of responding to the increasing support for populist political parties and dealing with erosion of democratic values within its member states.

In this fully revised and updated third edition, Alasdair Blair examines the economic, political, personal, and social factors that have shaped the process of European integration since the end of the Second World War. Reflecting the most recent developments and presented in clear, accessible language, the book explores:

• The context of European integration
• The relations between the EU and its member states
• The evolution of the EU's institutions
• Methods of decision-making
• Key EU policies
• The rise of populism
• The crises that the EU has faced in the 21st century
• The future direction of European integration

Comprehensive and accessible, this book is an essential guide to understanding how the EU works and why it is even more important in the 21st century than when it was founded after the Second World War.

What am I doing here, and what do I want this class to be? What kind of class am I designing, and why? What does a meaningfully inclusive classroom look like? Innovations in Teaching Philosophy tackles the current challenges in higher education with bite-size chapters offering practical advice on a variety of issues.

Here you will find guidance from award-winning teachers about what they have tried in the classroom, how it worked, and why they did it. Motivated by a recognition of the ever-changing landscape philosophy teachers face, the conversational tone of the short chapters emphasize accessibility and practicality. Standalone chapters allow you to gravitate toward what worries or inspires you the most.

The focus throughout is on the most pressing features of the current teaching environment: the role of technology and the desire to make classrooms more inclusive. Contributors encourage and make space for building a community, rethinking who teachers and students are and what a philosophy class can and should look like. A final section written exclusively by students considers the wonders and woes of the various styles of teaching they have encountered.

This essential companion is packed with tried and tested tools ready to be modified and adopted to suit your goals as an instructor. Here is a chance to better understand what you want for your course, for the students and for the immensely rewarding experience of teaching philosophy.

Contributing authors analyse topics such as climate change, energy transitions, demographic shifts, digital governance and planetary equity, through the tandem lens of sustainability and geopolitics. They identify critical risks as well as opportunities for positive change. They also present approaches, methodologies, and tools for navigating uncertainty and advancing integrated perspectives, including from systems thinking, risk science, AI-based modelling, critical security studies, and scenario analysis.

This Handbook contributes to the emergence of geopolitics of sustainability as a field in its own right - distinct from the two traditional fields of geopolitical analysis and sustainability science. It further demonstrates that this emerging field has its own dedicated methodologies, conceptual frameworks, empirical focus, institutional spaces, and communities of practice.

This collection is an essential resource for students and scholars in environmental studies, sustainability studies, geopolitics, security studies, international relations, political science, geography, and science and technology studies. The Handbook also offers valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners looking to better understand and navigate the complex dynamics shaping our planetary future.

Lee and editors bring together a group of international scholars to map the overall landscape of "de-risking" China ? a concept that drew consensus among the Group of Seven (G7) countries.

Divided into three themes of conceptual evolution, national responses of individual Indo-Pacific countries and prospects of success with featured case studies, this groundbreaking work explores the origins and developments of "de-risking" China in a region that will define the 21st century. Drawing on rich findings by different scholars, it demonstrates that a wide spectrum of variations exists insofar as the Indo-Pacific countries' observance to the concept of 'de-risking' China.

This is a must-read book for academics, scholars and university students of International Relations and Political Science, as well as those interested in understanding the evolving dynamics of "de-risking" China among the Indo-Pacific countries today.

Western Intervention in the Middle East and North Africa: The 'Responsibility to Protect' in Libya, Syria and Beyond offers a groundbreaking investigation into one of the most contested questions in international relations: why states intervene to stop mass atrocities in some contexts but not in others.

Focusing on the United States and the United Kingdom, this book examines two pivotal cases - Libya (2011) and Syria (2011-2013) - to reveal how decisions under the third pillar of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) are shaped less by universal norms than by nationally constructed identities and interests. Through detailed case studies, qualitative interviews, and extensive engagement with social constructivist theory, the book demonstrates how the U.S. and U.K. positioned themselves as 'intervener' in Libya but as 'non-intervener' in Syria, and how the Libya experience itself influenced subsequent restraint in Syria. By tracing the complex interaction of social, political, and institutional factors, it challenges the assumption that R2P operates as a purely international agenda and instead uncovers the national-level dynamics that determine whether and how military interventions occur.

Essential reading for scholars, policy makers, and practitioners in international relations, human rights, and Middle East and North African studies, this book provides critical insights into the politics of atrocity prevention and highlights the nuanced conditions required for future third pillar responses.

Emphasising that the G7 has continually been in a state of structural transformation, expert contributors explore the group's history before exploring the political economy of its policy formulation. They cover a wide range of topics including macroeconomic dialogue, sanctions, exchange rates, trade, debt relief, energy, climate change, agriculture, gender equality, and health. Chapters also engage with the group's external relations, focusing on interactions with Africa, China, and Russia. The Companion looks ahead to the future of the G7, dealing in particular with current and emerging issues in geoeconomics and geopolitical relations.

The Elgar Companion to the G7 is an invaluable resource for scholars of political science, economics, international relations, and law. Policymakers, journalists, think tanks, and businesses working on international economic issues will also benefit from the book's theoretical and practical insights.

Since the 1979 revolution, Iranian leaders have persisted in advancing a foreign policy aimed at achieving regional prominence and, in particular, rebuffing U.S. efforts to limit Iran's influence. But what are the drivers of Iran's foreign policy in light of the country's tumultuous history? How do the challenges posed by regional and global actors impact Iranian foreign policymaking? And how can we expect Iran to behave in the future?

This book uses a 'strategic lens' to explain how Iran conducts its current foreign policy and to unpack the dilemmas and strategic quandaries facing the Islamic Republic today. Ross Harrison argues that to understand Iranian behavior it is essential to look at it from the perspective of how Iran interprets its history, the region, the international community and itself; and the state's capabilities and conception of time and territory. Iranian foreign policy - in searching for a winning strategy for power and influence - is revealed to evince ideological strains, but also realpolitik considerations based on current interpretations of the national interest. These different strains in Iran's foreign policy represent the complexity of the challenges and opportunities the state faces. They also help us to understand the present and future of Iranian foreign policy behavior.

This timely book presents an in-depth examination of how social science research contributes to understanding governance and security in the Arctic. Leading scholars across disciplines critically map the intersection of environmental shifts, geopolitical tensions, Indigenous sovereignty and regional cooperation in this rapidly transforming region.

Drawing on empirical, theoretical and ethical perspectives, contributors advocate for an integrative interdisciplinary approach to governance and security research. They provide actionable insights into Arctic policymaking, spanning cooperation, conflict and diplomacy. Chapters explore the impact of pressing regional and transnational issues, including Russia's war on Ukraine, the developing climate crisis and resource geopolitics. By evaluating relevant literature and case studies, the book identifies forward-looking research frontiers and methodologies to tackle the complex entanglements between sovereignty, sustainability and security in the Arctic.

A Research Agenda for Arctic Security and Governance is a valuable resource for scholars and students of international relations, political geography, Arctic studies and environmental politics. It is also beneficial to policymakers, think tanks, NGOs and ministries involved in Arctic, environmental and security policy.

How did Putin co-opt Russia's political and economic elites, ensuring no more than fitful resistance to the regime's war on Ukraine?

When Moscow launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the West slapped crushing sanctions on Russia. Many expected the country's elite-prominent liberals and global businessmen-to defend their assets and cosmopolitan lifestyles by forcing Putin to stop the war. Instead, liberal-minded officials rewired the economy for war; corporations obeyed new rules; and only a handful resigned or spoke out. Why?

Built on dozens of candid conversations with top Russian officials and businessmen since the mid-2010s, this book dissects their moral reasoning, and how their boundaries of ethical acceptability expanded over time, in line with the expectations of their superiors. Though the Russian upper class retained formal attributes of power, in reality it lost its agency, essentially becoming a mere instrument of governance.

Alexandra Prokopenko illuminates the war's pivotal moments: Western sanctions, mass mobilisation, the annexation of four Ukrainian regions, and Yevgeny Prigozhin's aborted mutiny in 2023. She traces meticulously how competing factions, from technocrats to hawks, rationalised each shock and recalibrated their loyalties. And she sets this process within an inside history of Putin's regime, analysing the transformation of mindset at individual and sociological levels. These people will continue influencing global politics; we must understand how they think and act.

A kaleidoscopic portrait of Georgia's capital city since 1989.

Located on Europe's periphery, at the edge of Asia, Tbilisi has always been a crossroads of culture, peoples and politics. From architecture to art, protest to religion, nationalism to language, this book offers a pen portrait of the modern Georgian capital-a city where old and new live side by side in restless harmony.

Tbilisi has played an outsize role in modern global politics. Beginning in 1989, Maximilian Hess shows how the city's experiences over the last four decades shed light on the historical, political and cultural forces shaping the world today. Momentous events in Tbilisi helped drive the collapse of the Soviet Union, and this was where the neoliberal era of the early 2000s found its firmest foothold. The city's post-Soviet years also foreshadowed the devastation that Russian interference and aggression have now brought to Ukraine, while the rise and subsequent dominance of a Georgian billionaire-turned-politician have clear echoes across the Atlantic.

Delving into Tbilisi's remarkably great influence on contemporary music and the arts, Hess showcases the intriguing capital's entrepot nature, and its turbulent recent history. This is a place which blurs the lines between the real and the imagined; between past and present, East and West.

Exposes the inner workings of Orban's Hungary and assesses how his style of politics has affected states and electorates worldwide.

How did a simple boy from the Hungarian countryside end up leading political life in his country for decades? How, as Prime Minister of a small Central European state, did he become one of the most influential illiberal rulers in the world? How and why did Hungary turn into a neo-authoritarian laboratory? And what geopolitical game is Viktor Orban playing between continental alliances and global powers?

This book is a political biography of Orban, but also offers first-hand historical analysis of Hungary post-1989. What started as an imperfect, albeit fully-fledged, democracy has been replaced by a new constitutional system. Orban's Hungary is a constantly radicalising electoral autocracy, with two intertwined role models: Putin's Russia and Trump's new America.

The Orban Enigma explains how Hungarian democratic backsliding has become a hot-button issue for the Western political community; and charts how, over the course of fifteen years, the Orban regime has ushered in illiberal rule while maintaining Hungary's global connections via the EU and NATO. Stefano Bottoni's timely study reminds us that democracy dies if it loses its spirit and civic commitment.

This book explores the lessons that can be gleaned through a look from the East Central European experience of dissent for dissent and resistance as general modern phenomena.

Lessons from the Revolutions of 1989 in East Central Europe has a two-fold purpose: (1) to teach about, in an accessible way, the East Central European culture of dissent, and (2) to explore connections between that time and place and our own post-1989 globalized world where dissent and resistance are more prominent and necessary than ever. Scholars of the pre-1989 East Central European culture of dissent do not, as a matter of course, look for lessons in their subject, and the scarcity of scholarly literature that explores this angle only confirms our point. At the same time, this avoidance, perhaps for good methodological reasons, does seem rather odd. Why not try to draw lessons-for us in the here and now-from studying the cultural-historical space of pre-1989 East Central Europe? This question seems especially important given that the intellectual dissidents did not think that what was happening in their time and place was isolated from the modern world as a whole: they thought that there were lessons to be drawn for the "West" from the experience of the "East."