Explores the intersection of racial thought and reproductive science and policy across the British Empire.

In Generating Difference, Andrew Wells traces the entwined histories of race, sex, and reproduction in Britain and its empire during the long eighteenth century. Challenging the assumption that the concept of race evolved in the modern era solely through new forms of biological science, Wells argues that older ideas of lineage, sexual reproduction, and bodily difference remained central to how race was understood, categorized, and enforced well into the nineteenth century.

From the pages of Enlightenment science to colonial policy in the Caribbean, South Asia, and the Pacific, Wells shows how reproductive sex served as a primary framework for defining human differences. Concepts of identity were written onto bodies-especially those marked as non-white or non-male-through perceived differences in anatomy, fertility, and sexuality, albeit never unproblematically. Whether in debates about slavery, interracial relationships, embryology, or population policy, the reproductive body became the crucible in which ideas about race and sex were forged and maintained.

Offering a global scope beyond the Atlantic, including South Asia and the Pacific, and drawing from a wide range of sources-from satire to scientific treatises-Generating Difference brings the scholarship of race and sexuality into direct and compelling conversation. Wells uncovers how deeply reproduction structured imperial ideologies and how the policing of bodies helped naturalize hierarchy, control, and exclusion. At its core, the book reconsiders what made difference "visible" in a period before the dominance of the idea of racial biology.

Explore the scientific crescendo of the Manhattan Project through newly contextualized and never-before-seen photographs from Los Alamos National Laboratory's legacy collections-some just declassified.

Twenty-one days before the world learned of the atomic bomb through its wartime use against Japan, a team of scientists led by J. Robert Oppenheimer detonated the first nuclear device on a remote stretch of New Mexico desert, in an operation codenamed Trinity. Both a military proof test and an elaborate, well-documented scientific experiment, the Trinity shot on July 16, 1945, brought under the control of humankind a new fire: the energy of the atom.

In this expertly curated journey through the beginning of the atomic age, hundreds of carefully restored photographs, still frames, and once-secret documents bring new and vivid focus to a watershed moment in science and history. Written for all to understand, Trinity weaves steadily through subplots and surprises set against the evolving, looming backdrop of a world at war. It shadows the humans and hardware at work in the rugged landscape of the test operation; dissects a fiery mushroom cloud unfurling frame by frame, frozen in time; and follows soldiers, scientists, and two atomic bombs across the Pacific Ocean to Tinian Island, onto the strike planes Enola Gay and Bockscar, and to Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the two Japanese cities devastated on August 6 and 9, 1945.

Inviting readers into the clandestine spaces where a new era began-behind the cameras, the bunker doors, the gates and guard posts-Trinity strives, grieves, celebrates, and ponders. It artfully captures that extraordinary summer when scientists invented urgently in the waning months of the "before"-and the tension between violence and progress, hope and fear, that persists into the after.

This book builds upon landmark contributions by Lucien Hanks and Benedict Anderson to interdisciplinary scholarship on Southeast Asia, particularly their essays on how worldview and indigenous notions of power have shaped society and politics. Five anthropologists revisit these classic analyses, situating local notions of power in contemporary dynamics through fieldwork, areal comparisons, and historical studies in this volume. Their comparisons, contrasts, and ethnography in contemporary Thailand, Laos, and Indonesia examine local notions of power in relation to hierarchy, socialism, indigeneity, Buddhism, marginalization, and political debates.

The case studies range in focus from intellectual property and religious freedom in Indonesia, understandings of socialism and village-state relations in Laos, changing interpersonal dynamics in fieldwork encounters in Thailand that span four decades to inclusiveness and pluralism in interethnic relations between hill and valley peoples across the region over millennia. The case studies are accompanied by an essay on the lasting value of comparative, regional, and historical perspectives on Southeast Asia. The essays challenge the mainstream focus on culture as meaning and instead situate cultural trends in history, function, and interpersonal negotiations.

Revisiting Ideas of Power in Southeast Asia will be valuable to researchers and students of Anthropology, Politics, Asian Studies, and International Relations and those interested in the history and geopolitics of Southeast Asia. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Anthropological Forum.

This book examines China's educational transformation between 1895 and 1926. Based on three case studies, it explores the rise of a new field of education and reveals the intricate relationship between educational reforms, intellectual societies, and revolutionary movements.

Through meticulous historical analysis, the book chronicles the evolution of China's modern education system during a period of profound social and political change. Part I examines how new-style schools replaced the traditional imperial examination system in Hunan Province from 1895 to 1913, thereby transforming the educational landscape. Part II focuses on the influential reforms instituted at Peking University, which established a balance between academic, political, and moral orthodoxies to reshape China's intellectual sphere. Part III explores the crucial connection between secondary schools and the early communist revolutionary movement, demonstrating how educational institutions became incubators for revolutionary ideas and activities. By examining these interconnected developments, the book illuminates how educational reform became intertwined with broader currents of social transformation and revolutionary change in early 20th-century China.

This work will appeal to historians of modern China, as well as to scholars and students of Chinese studies interested in the intersection of educational history, historical sociology, and modern Chinese history and revolutionary movements.

Offering original insights into journalism's transformation in a politically complex, multilingual region, this book critically explores the rise of Chinese-speaking journalists transitioning to YouTube.

This book considers how professional journalists adapt their practices to YouTube while navigating diverse media environments, including mainland China's strict censorship, Hong Kong's shifting political landscape, and Taiwan's relative media freedom. Key questions guiding this research include how journalists-turned-YouTubers define and perform their roles on an informal, entertainment-led platform; how audiences perceive these roles; and whether creators maintain journalistic quality in a platformed media ecosystem. Through comparative case studies, including contrasting cases from the West, this book highlights the challenges of maintaining journalistic standards, the sustainability of content production, and the evolving journalist-audience relationship in the digital age.

Chinese Journalists Turned YouTubers contributes to research at the intersection of journalism, digital platforms, and public discourse in a fragmented and globalized media environment.

This book presents diverse perspectives on issues faced by the Chinese minority in predominantly Malay Muslim Brunei, drawing together cutting-edge research from early career, Brunei Chinese academics themselves to present a truly groundbreaking volume.

As a result of strict immigration rules and citizenship requirements following Brunei's independence in 1984, the population of ethnically Chinese residents in the country has declined consistently. Despite this, the Chinese community are significant in the region, playing a pivotal role through their sizeable socioeconomic contributions. Chapters shed light on a broad range of issues and challenges faced by the Chinese community in Brunei, from adaptation in wider society and struggles around ethnic identity and belonging, to loss of dialect, language, religious freedom, and the ongoing pressures around assimilation. Though the volume naturally focuses in depth on the Chinese experience in Brunei, the book relates the themes explored to broader international contexts where ethnic minorities are present, drawing parallels and reinforcing the global relevance of the book.

This book will be of interest to scholars, researchers, and postgraduate students in the fields of Southeast Asian culture and society, diaspora studies, and race and ethnic studies more broadly.

With over 70 exercises containing more than 270 questions, Interpreting Ecological Data: Exercises for Undergraduates allows students to apply ecological theory learned in classes to new, 'real' data from the scientific literature. Rather than simply rote learning word-perfect answers, students are empowered to apply their knowledge and develop critical thinking skills: core attributes for science undergraduates.

The book covers ecological principles such as predation, competition, mutualism, food webs and biogeochemical cycling. With numerous examples on each theme, students can gain plenty of practice across a wide range of topics, providing a solid foundation for their ecological knowledge and developing transferable skills in data interpretation. Almost all the exercises use 'real' data from published papers, sometimes messy and not always supporting the hypotheses they were designed to investigate-just like in real life! The answers are all included in the final chapter, with detailed explanations where relevant.

The exercises can also be used for assessment, enabling students to demonstrate their understanding, and lecturers can quickly convert them for use in lectures, workshops or assessments. Most importantly, Interpreting Ecological Data: Exercises for Undergraduates aims to stimulate student enthusiasm for ecology and what researchers actually do, starting an unexpected and exciting new journey.

This volume explores various connections between animals and landscapes, challenging traditional anthropocentric framings and acknowledging the agency of other-than-human species in shaping human surroundings.

A critical departure from traditional perspectives, Animals and Landscapes challenges the prevalent anthropocentric and ocularcentric approaches to the scenic landscape. Instead, the contributors adopt a multispecies lens, prioritising the more-than-human and illuminating the intricate relationships between bodies, actions, and place. The chapters navigate a range of environments, exploring visual and aesthetic experiences as well as the entanglements of place, action, bodies and subjectivities. In doing so the authors discuss historical, geographical, social, economic, and cultural frameworks that shape landscapes, revealing the often-ignored agency of non-human species.

Moving beyond human-centric framings of landscapes, it acknowledges the active role that other species play in shaping, using, and producing these environments. Central to this thematic exploration is the idea that animals have their own geographies and act as place-making agents. Underscoring the dynamic role animals play in shaping the spaces they inhabit, this volume encourages a re-evaluation of the narratives that have predominantly marginalised the role of animals in shaping our understanding of place.

This interdisciplinary book will appeal to academics and students of sociology, visual culture, geography, and cultural studies, film, and media and television studies with interests in landscape studies and human-animal studies.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Focusing on a decade of controversy surrounding genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in China, this book provides a rigorous, mixed-method analysis of how risk discourses are constructed and disseminated on the social media platform Weibo.

This book uncovers the rich diversity of competing risk frames and reveals how digital platforms can democratize the negotiation of scientific uncertainty, yet also fragment public deliberation and discussion, leading to the reinforcement of new power dynamics and discursive inequalities. Breaking down the mechanisms behind the viral spread of GMO risk information, it examines how message features, contextual factors (e.g., source credibility), network structures, and social contagion processes shape what we believe and share. Ultimately, it will advance a deeper understanding of digital risk communication in increasingly platform-mediated societies.

It is an essential resource for science policymakers, risk communication professionals, and other stakeholders seeking to navigate the complexities of risk and uncertainty in the digital age.

This book considers why Taiwan matters independent of the China-centric paradigm by both examining anthropological research on Taiwan as well as how to study Taiwan anthropologically, re-asserting the ontological status of Taiwan as a legitimate object of scholarly inquiry.

Rightless Resistance investigates why resistance to land grabbing so often fails. The rapid expansion of oil palm plantations has triggered widespread conflict across rural Indonesia as communities lose their land with little compensation. Based on an unprecedented study of 150 such conflicts, this book uncovers how villagers fight back against palm oil companies, and what their struggles reveal about power, law, and citizenship in postcolonial Indonesia.

Enduring colonial legacies and collusive politics have left rural Indonesians virtually rightless, so villagers turn to customary traditions and social norms instead of formal law - a strategy that rarely gets results. By analyzing this resistance to corporate land grabbing, Ward Berenschot, Ahmad Dhiaulhaq, Afrizal, and Otto Hospes offer a new perspective on why land rights movements often fall short. When the legal system is unreliable, people aim lower - and the deeper power imbalances facilitating their dispossession go unchallenged.

Maritime Asia, collectively bordered by the Pacific, Indian and Arctic Ocean, sources Asia's food reserve, goods and ideas yet figures relatively lesser in global cultural production. Asia's 'great highways' and 'wide common' of the sea function as routes for trade and commerce that underpins globalization. Due to unprecedented human trafficking at sea, the ocean has largely become a repository for plastic pollution, waste and effluents. Complex oceanic-ecosystems make it inconceivable for human beings to take stock of the interdependence of seas, earth and atmosphere, 'missing in context' for redressal.

A portrait of people fighting for truth and accountability as they confront the environmental injustice of "forever chemicals."

Invisible and nearly indestructible, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have seeped into the blood of almost every American and permeated the natural world. These insidious chemicals now drift on global air currents, fall in rain, accumulate in soils and food webs, and can persist in ecosystems for generations. Inescapable reveals how ordinary people are tackling the toxic impacts from this sprawling class of industrial compounds-long used in consumer products, building supplies, and firefighting foam and still widely produced.

Journalist Marina Schauffler recounts how PFAS contamination in Maine, a state known for its bountiful farms, woods, and waters, has upended lives and livelihoods, endangered public health, and cost taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars. Stories from homeowners, firefighters, farmers, tribal members, researchers, and elected officials reveal the staggering implications of the federal government's failure to regulate synthetic chemicals that manufacturers have known for decades were toxic. Maine is among states at the forefront of PFAS testing and regulation, but no region is immune from this chemical threat.

The poignant accounts in this book illuminate the challenge of reckoning with the far-reaching effects of PFAS and addressing the ongoing burden borne by highly affected individuals. Countless communities across the nation and world could face similar struggles as the ubiquity of PFAS contamination becomes clear. Inescapable offers a roadmap for tackling this chemical Hydra.

This Handbook is the first multidisciplinary anthology of research on antiracism in global historical perspective. It demonstrates the importance of a historical lens for understanding the deep lineages of antiracism and reveals the myriad ways-transracial, transnational, and transhistorical-that antiracism has shaped world history.

Drawing on case studies from Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, South America, and North America from the eighteenth century to the present, this volume situates antiracism across a variety of temporal, geographical, and ideological contexts that span the globe. By highlighting the perspectives of racially marginalized individuals and communities, it showcases the distinctiveness and importance of key thinkers, ideas, and methodologies in regional and national contexts. Further, by recovering complex histories, including memories and legacies, of antiracism, this Handbook illustrates how faultlines of race, class, and gender informed internal debates, priorities and outcomes. It emphasizes the creativity and labour of antiracist activism at the local and international levels.

The Routledge Handbook on Antiracism in Global Historical Perspective ultimately underscores the diverse genealogies of antiracism and its transnational networks of political solidarity in order to contribute to future research and teaching as well as political praxis in the present. A vital resource for students, teachers, and activists alike, it presents a synthesis of some of the best work on antiracism to date by leading scholars, both emerging and internationally recognized, across the humanities and social sciences.

This book examines China's cultural system from 1911 to 1949 by exploring its formation, evolution, and the underlying causes of the remarkable changes in modern Chinese culture.

During the first half of the 20th century, China experienced a fundamental shift from a traditional society to a modern state. This book provides an insightful analysis of the relationship between cultural leadership, ideological models, and state-building. It maps the modern Chinese cultural landscape, identifying key contradictions within the period's cultural system and explaining how these contradictions shaped historical change's direction, goals, and paths. This book details the organizational evolution of cultural management institutions in modern China, tracing their development from their origins to more advanced structures.

This book will appeal to scholars and students interested in modern Chinese history and culture.

Situated within feminist media and cultural studies, this book examines the everyday aesthetic labour of young middle-class Chinese women and their related social media practices. It also critically contextualises postfeminism within China's paradoxically neoliberal society.

Drawing upon in-depth interviews with young middle-class women in China's first-tier cities, the book offers a nuanced feminist understanding of young women's femininities, identities, and subjectivities in contemporary digital China. By analysing the self-making and self-fashioning practices of these women, it contributes critical perspectives to the popular yet contested concept of postfeminism within feminist scholarship. Readers will encounter vivid accounts of young Chinese women's everyday social media experiences, exploring how they navigate beauty cultures and negotiate shifting gender-class norms in urban Chinese society. Furthermore, this book provides valuable insights into the scholarly concept of postfeminism in the unique context of China, shedding light on transnational gendered cultures in today's social media age.

Tailored for scholars and students in gender and cultural studies, media studies, and China studies, the book proves especially beneficial for those interested in burgeoning feminist and gender-related research topics in the transnational context of digital China. It also appeals to a broader readership intrigued by digital culture, gender dynamics, and notions of beauty in contemporary Chinese society.

Snapshots and Soundbites of Korean Culture takes a novel approach to understanding Korea's past and present by blending sounds, imagery, texts, and online and printed materials to provide a multisensory, multimodal experience of Korean culture.

Each entry showcases vitally important people, objects, places, events, and institutions that help us conceptualise Korean history, society, and culture. The volume comprises short, transcribed lectures on specific aspects of Korean culture, accompanied by explanatory notes, images, and links to a specially prepared website featuring voice recordings, additional images, and class-ready teaching resources. Contributors to the volume include some of the most respected researchers in Korean Studies, such as Martina Deuchler, Don Baker, Chan E. Park, Vladimir Tikhonov, John Duncan, and Park, Tae-gyun, alongside emerging scholars. Each entry is written in an accessible style, making the book appealing to scholars, Korean Studies students, and readers with a general interest in Korea. The variety of topics examined includes iconic objects (ondol), important historical figures (Yun Son-do, Pak Hon-yong), central events (the 1637 Qing Invasion and the 1980 Kwangju Uprising), and vital beliefs (shamanism) - all of which help us conceptualise what has made Korea the place it is.

Additional resources can be found at snapshotssoundbites.wordpress.com.

The text serves as an academic study, a reference work, a book for leisurely reading, or as primer for university-level Korean Studies survey courses.

There is a prevailing sense that commercial Superhero Comics cannot be serious objects of academic enquiry. It is the hallowed graphic novel, with its auteur/author, for which serious work is reserved.

This volume presents the work of three publishing houses who publish Superhero Comics in Delhi and Mumbai. It analyses their techniques of narration associated with the serial publication of commercial comics such as open-ended plots, frequent re-boots of the storyline, extended story arcs, and a complex narrative universe to throw into sharper relief the value of superhero comic books as distinct from the graphic novel. Through an exploration of commercial Superhero Comics, the authors wish to draw attention to a fluidity embedded in Superhero Comics, which is influenced by external pressures of distribution and production that are generally ignored in the desire to view a comic text as a discrete and disembodied whole. Superhero Comics then emerge as a post-modern vehicle to test serious socio-political issues in the mode of fantasy.

This ethnographic attempt to understand the contexts of production, circulation, and consumption of Superhero Comics will be of interest to comics scholars, students of popular culture, sociology, social anthropology, literature, and the arts.

Women Leading Sustainability: The Feminine Shift spotlights the remarkable contributions of women shaping the future.

Through over 50 personal interviews with women leading high-profile organisations, this book reveals emerging trends and highlights innovative strategies uniquely crafted by women. These trailblazing experts and pioneers in European Union policymaking are pushing the boundaries of sustainability, offering invaluable insights for a greener, fairer future beyond 2030. Their stories serve as powerful examples to inspire the next generation of young women pursuing careers in sustainability. This book showcases the effectiveness of their initiatives and the growing movement for change inspired by their actions.

Women Leading Sustainability: The Feminine Shift is an empowering resource designed to inspire and uplift current and future women leaders, as they work towards shaping a more sustainable world, offering powerful lessons to established changemakers and young men and women starting their sustainability careers. The seven strengths of 'the Feminine Shift' are at the heart of future leadership.

Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Laos provides a comprehensive introduction to the Lao People's Democratic Republic's recent development and transformation.

The handbook showcases state-of-the-field interdisciplinary research across six themes: The Basics, The Populace, Political Economy, Resources, International and Challenges. Individual chapters provide specialist and non-specialist readers with a rigorous overview of 32 fundamental topics in Lao Studies, from 'The Party: Lao People's Revolutionary Party', 'Inter-Ethnic Relations' and 'Decision Making', to 'Land', 'Lao Foreign Policy' and 'Gender.' Marking the 50th anniversary of the country's landmark revolution of 1975, the handbook explores the contested achievements of socialist rule under the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP), examines the political, economic and environmental impact of the LPRP's resource intensive strategies for growth and development, and considers the benefits and challenges of Laos's evolving geo-political and geo-economic relations with China, Vietnam, Thailand and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). While focusing on contemporary Laos, the chapters are rooted in a clear understanding of how present-day issues have emerged from Laos's extraordinary history, spanning pre-colonial Buddhist kingdoms, French colonialism, royalist nationalism and socialist revolution.

Bringing together a purposely diverse collection of scholars, each an established or emerging authority in their own sub-field, the timely study takes stock of the country's development and considers what the next phase in the country's history might hold.

Reds, Revolutions, and Rebellions investigates how insurgent strategies from three revolutionary states - Mao's China, Guevara's Cuba, and Ho Chi Minh's Vietnam - shaped the tactics of armed movements across the Global South. The afterlife of twentieth-century communist guerilla warfare still echoes in contemporary warfare as armed Islamist groups, often seen as violently opposed to leftist principles, adopt the same military methods and tactics that Chinese leader Mao Zedong once espoused. Investigating the strategic thought of communist revolutionary movements in China, Cuba, and Vietnam, within the framework of the Global Cold War and the theoretical tensions that existed within and around the Third World Left, Benjamin R. Young exposes how these movements became the centers of revolutionary strategy and offered the most viable examples for decolonization.

To examine the historical trajectory and genealogy of communist insurgency strategy from the Chinese and Cuban revolutions to the present day, Young draws on declassified intelligence reports, memoirs, and security studies scholarship to follow the migration of insurgent ideas and reveal how armed groups have studied and repurposed leftist military doctrine. He traces the ways in which communist military theory traveled far beyond its original context, challenging the assumption that insurgency was always local or ideologically fixed.

In showing how leftist revolutionary war theory became a global language of resistance, Reds, Revolutions, and Rebellions reframes our understanding of both insurgency and counterinsurgency and provides a reason why, long after their revolutions, China, Cuba, and Vietnam still shape how rebels fight and how empires respond.

Spittlebugs is a comprehensive introduction to an economically important but relatively little-known group of insects of the superfamily Cercopoidea. Spittlebugs are found across all continents except Antarctica. Although harmless to a majority of their host plants, several species have become significant pests of sugarcane and pasture grasses in Latin America, and others carry a disease deadly to olive trees in Italy, leading to increasing interest in understanding these fascinating organisms and their unique biological and ecological traits.

There are approximately 2,500 known species of spittlebugs, so named for the protective "spittles" made by spittlebug nymphs. Living on leaves, stems, or roots, these immature insects suck and excrete plant sap that they then fill with tiny bubbles to create a foamy goo. Nymphs and adults excrete hundreds of times their body weight of spittle each day, but this isn't their only talent. They're incredible jumpers relative to their size, and some species excrete a smelly liquid when attacked. They also exhibit aposematism, or warning coloration - a trait generously illustrated in a sixteen-page color gallery.

With its rich mix of detailed biology and natural history, Spittlebugs is a valuable resource for anyone looking to know more about these unique bugs and their widespread influences.