There is a fundamental paradox in counter-terrorism: while Muslim state elites insist that Islam has nothing to do with terrorism, the way Muslim states deal with terrorism has everything to do with Islam. In countries like Morocco and Tunisia, terrorism is treated by governments as if it is a religious problem. Elsewhere, in Malaysia, Islamic actors are relied upon to conduct "deradicalization" programs, Islamic institutions are the key authors of counter-radicalization materials, and Islamic expertise is often considered interchangeable with counter-terror expertise. These findings draw attention to a security logic whereby Islam and Islamic interventions have become central to solving the problem of terrorism. In this theoretically innovative and empirically rich book, Nicholas Chan argues that Malaysia's "Islamized" counter-terrorism is an outcome filtered through a matrix of factors, including postcolonial elite status-seeking, modernist state-building, and the immediacies of governmental problem-solving. Chan fills a void in the Western-centric Global War on Terror literature that often fails to examine what happens when Muslim actors must wage a "war" not of their making but strongly tied to their identity, security, and status. This book's original findings will interest scholars and students of security, international relations, area studies, and Muslim politics.

This handbook examines media portrayals of intelligence institutions, cultures, and conduct in various political regimes, showing how they inflect and reflect public views of the intelligence community.

Specifically, this volume assesses how popular media portrayals of intelligence agencies influence such realms as public perception, opinion, and support of intelligence; recruitment endeavours; democratic transformation of intelligence services; transparency versus secrecy; outreach and messaging efforts; and intelligence interagency sharing, cooperation, and collaboration, both domestically and internationally. The book chapters are divided into three thematic sections:

Section I: Theoretical Concepts

Section II: Case Studies of Non-Democratic or Nominally Democratic Regimes

Section III: Case Studies of Consolidated and Consolidating Democracies

The volume also looks toward newer and emerging media around the world to explore ways in which both the intelligence sector and its image in media and popular culture may be changing.

Filling a clear gap in the literature, this book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, media and communication studies, national security, and international relations.

This book explains Russian policies for developing the Northern Sea Route (NSR), analysing Moscow's public policy and national and geopolitical considerations in developing national maritime transport routes.

The state's organizational structure and regulatory framework are analysed to provide a comprehensive review of the participation of the regions of the Russian Arctic in the development of the NSR and the role of public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms. Despite Western sanctions, Russia has continued its steadfast focus on developing the NSR, modifying its policies to keep its flagship project in the Arctic on track. This book assesses whether these goals are viable.

It will be of interest to policymakers, researchers, and scholars specializing in the Arctic, Arctic shipping, the NSR and public policy in the sphere of transport.

This Handbook offers a comprehensive collection of cutting-edge essays on all aspects of Security Sector Reform (SSR) by a mix of established experts and emerging scholars from diverse disciplines and geographic regions.

Born out of development policy interventions by advanced states and multilateral organizations in developing countries in the early 1990s, SSR looks at the question of how security can be provided in an appropriate way that respects democracy and human rights. This volume provides an academic treatment of the contested concept of SSR, considering how it evolved and became part of mainstream security discourse in the past three decades. The Handbook is divided into six sections. The first section reviews relevant theories and concepts, and includes chapters on security sector governance, non-traditional security threats, as well as coups and climate change and coups as security threats in the traditional and nontraditional sense. The second section covers development and peacebuilding as important social, economic, and political contexts that underpin the push for SSR across countries. The third section pays attention to the international dimension of SSR, as well as how the international community has tried to grapple with the concept of local ownership to achieve sustainable SSR interventions. The fourth part examines the main actors and institutions within the security sector. The fifth section discusses cross-cutting issues and reform areas that overlap with SSR such as human rights, gender equality, and transitional justice. The sixth section combines regional overviews of the SSR landscape in different regions, such as Europe, Latin America, Middle East, and Africa, which discuss the successes, problems, and challenges of SSR.

This Handbook will be of much interest to students of security sector reform, international relations, global governance, development studies and security studies, and will be a benchmark publication for practitioners in the security domain.

This book examines the transnational circulation of knowledge between Russia and Japan from the early Meiji era to the present day, reconfiguring the East-West paradigm both in terms of socio-geographical divides and cultural and political tensions within both cultures. Featuring chapters from the fields of literature, history, philosophy, film, and social and political thought, the case studies give interdisciplinary examples of the ways in which Russian-Japanese intellectual relations offer cross-cultural interconnections and emphasize the global circulation of ideas while undermining reductive national constructs. By switching the perspective on the cultural history from the grand narratives of modernization and Westernization to that of individual and local case studies of agency, engagement, and creativity on the ground, the book uncovers a much more diverse, fluid, and complex landscape of intellectual history, rich in alternative contexts for understanding the past and embracing the future. Revealing not only the historical points of transfer of ideas, but also the textual and disciplinary forms of this transfer, this book will appeal to students and scholars of the culture, literature, society, and history of both Japan and Russia.

Passeri unpacks the highly polarized and dysfunctional reaction of the international community vis-a-vis Myanmar's 2021 military coup, as well as the strategy utilized by the ruling junta to counter the diplomatic fallout of the power grab and ensuing civil war.

This book shows that Myanmar's military-installed regime is neither irrational in its foreign policy choices nor marginalized on the global stage due to Western sanctions and isolation. Quite on the contrary, the troubled and conflict-prone Southeast Asian country currently enjoys a growing geopolitical centrality in the region and beyond, rooted in its position as a gateway to the increasingly contested Indo-Pacific, which allowed the junta to establish intimate ties with key countries such as China, Russia, India, and Japan. It challenges a series of cliches and prejudices that characterize the ongoing debate on the international dimension of the Myanmar crisis.

A vital read for academics and scholars interested in Myanmar's relations with the outside world, international relations, and political science.

This book explores how the United States responds to eight of today's most pressing global hotspots: Russia, China, Israel-Palestine, Ukraine, Iran, North Korea, the Caribbean Basin, and the Sahel.

Since World War II, the U.S. has held a central role in the international system-but its leadership is increasingly tested by rising tensions and conflicts around the world. Drawing on a clear framework of issues, interests, and actors, the authors examine how U.S. policies are shaped, the motivations behind them, and their impact on global stability.

Essential reading for students and scholars of American foreign policy, international relations, and global politics, this book offers a compelling look at the evolving role of the United States and its influence on the future of international peace and security.

Canada is a nation forged by immigration, but for many its promise is eclipsed by exclusion and precarity. A Renewed Canadian Welcome brings together the voices of those who experience the system firsthand to ask a question fundamental to public justice: What would our immigration policies look like if they were reimagined from a human rights perspective, informed by lived experience?

Blending personal narrative with sharp policy critique, this book unpacks topics such as refugee resettlement, immigration detention, labour exploitation, and family separation. It centres the perspectives of migrants, refugees, and advocates, describing the many barriers they face and detailing how, working together and with allied organizations, they have overcome bureaucratic hurdles, developed strategies, and mobilized policy goals. Contributors offer practical policy proposals that will transform Canada's immigration program: develop a human rights-based approach that responds to the precarity of all migrants; draw from the expertise of migrants and refugees to design effective policies; and strengthen civil society's role in immigration policymaking.

Born of the work of Citizens for Public Justice, a national research and advocacy organization, A Renewed Canadian Welcome is a must-read for those advocating for human rights in immigration policy. It is a compelling call to reimagine Canada's approach to immigration as one that affirms dignity, equity, and justice for all.

Chen examines China's unwavering foreign policy toward North Korea, Taiwan, and Mongolia, challenging conventional international relations theory. He introduces 'buffer thinking'-a geopolitical mentality driving China to secure peripheral territories against potential rivals regardless of global power shifts.

Drawing from extensive historical evidence spanning decades, this book demonstrates how buffer thinking functions as an intervening variable that mediates the effects of systemic polarity changes on state behavior. The analysis reveals how this defensive mindset-synthesizing geographical sensitivity, threat perception, and traumatic historical memories-creates a security perimeter extending beyond China's borders. By blending realist perspectives with constructivist insights, it offers a nuanced theoretical framework explaining why China's behavior toward these three states remains 'territorially conditional.'

This is essential reading for international relations scholars and students of geopolitics seeking fresh analytical approaches to buffer state dynamics. It is also a valuable resource for policymakers and diplomats engaged with East Asian security issues who need insights into China's strategic calculations in contemporary great power competition.

This handbook provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art account of the politics of the European Union.

It pays particular attention to the profound challenges the EU faces which transform the foundation of its politics, such as internal (Brexit, democratic backsliding, growing nationalism and populism, and new protectionism) and external (the return of great-power competition, the war in Ukraine, reconfigurations of power, and the weakening of multilateral institutions reshaping the EU's security) realities. The handbook examines how conflicts over values, authority, and governance now permeate the European project and how the EU's political order adapts to crisis and contestation. With this, it analyses and systematically summarizes the institutional dynamics between integration and autonomy, patterns of participation, contestation and identity, and the EU's external relations in a fragile world order, revealing core aspects and characteristics of EU politics.

The Routledge Handbook of European Union Politics is a uniquely comprehensive and core reference for all scholars, students, and readers seeking to understand key, overarching trends in contemporary EU politics and the way it has evolved historically.

Chapter 29 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 International license.

This book examines Japan's transformation into a country of immigration, offering a timely perspective on how a society long regarded as homogeneous is adapting to new forms of diversity.

Drawing on 62 in-depth interviews with young people of Chinese, Korean, and Brazilian origin, it explores how the children of immigrants navigate Japan's demanding education system and the broader challenges of social inclusion. Schools emerge as crucial arenas where opportunities for integration intersect with persistent inequalities, shaping young people's life chances and identities. Combining rich personal narratives with established theories of immigrant incorporation, the book bridges empirical and theoretical research, situating Japan within global migration debates. It challenges the notion of Japan as an exceptional case, demonstrating instead how its experience mirrors wider international patterns of demographic change, labour shortages, and cultural negotiation.

Offering fresh insights into immigrant integration in a non-Western context by making Japan's case a vital reference point for understanding how societies worldwide respond to increasing diversity, this book will appeal to scholars, students, and policymakers in sociology, migration studies, education, and Japanese studies.

Across the globe, tens of thousands of alleged 'criminal' migrants find themselves trapped in limbo. They are unwanted in the countries hosting them but cannot be deported because they are stateless, because human rights law or lack of political will prevents it, or because they themselves do not cooperate. These individuals - referred to as undesirable but unremovable migrants (UBUs) - include former World War II concentration camp guards, minor drug traffickers, rapists, acquitted genocidaires, and children of alleged terrorists. Their continued presence in host countries often sparks intense political debate, complex legal proceedings, and public controversy. In some cases, they are passed back and forth between multiple countries.

Taking a historical and global perspective, this book traces the emergence of UBUs, shows how their numbers have increased dramatically over time, and reveals the persistent inability of states to develop coherent policy responses. This failure has led to politically charged environments in host countries and profound challenges for the migrants themselves.

The book benefits anyone engaged in the study, development, or implementation of governmental policies concerning migrants accused of being involved in crime.

Evolutionary algorithms that imitate nature to solve technical problems, synthetic DNA that turns plants into living data archives, and the use of autonomous machines inside living bodies are just a few examples suggesting that the boundaries between life and technology have become fundamentally blurred in the early 21st century.

While the technologization of organisms has a longer history, an increasing biologization of technology can be observed today in bioinformatics, molecular biology, and other fields. This development is characterized by the crossing of disciplinary and methodological boundaries. It is becoming increasingly difficult to say where the boundaries between biology and technology, science and economics, and representation and intervention lie. In fact, organisms and technologies can no longer be thought of as ontologically distinctive entities. Rather, it seems that biological and technical systems are becoming increasingly interwoven and exchanging properties in the process. Against this backdrop, nature itself becomes more and more a construction kit and a resource for technological design and economic investment. Proposing the notion of "biohybrid objects" for complex systems consisting of natural and artificial components that not only imitate living beings but also share their basic principles, this edited volume explores the remarkable circulation of morphological knowledge between biology and technology.

Bringing together innovative interdisciplinary contributions, the volume aims to provide insights on the emergence and nature of biohybrid objects from philosophy, epistemology, and science and technology studies.

This is a volume of primary sources that speak to the relationship between photography and science in Victorian culture. As a product of experimentation, as a tool of scientific inquiry, and as a metaphor for conceptualizing the natural world, photography occupies a central position in the culture of the period. Photography was implicated in virtually every key scientific context of this era, and as such was also the subject of particularly lively and vigorous debate. Indeed, the primary source texts that attend to photography, in a wide range of scientific disciplines, constitute a remarkable, if often overwhelming, resource. The volume will guide readers by selecting and situating a group of texts that register the most significant of these debates in engaging ways. It will provide scholars working in a variety of fields-the history of science, literary studies, and art history, to name only a few-with access to overlooked but critical sources that can stimulate their own inquiries. Students will be immersed in the most vivid disputes of scientific culture, and will benefit from the skills developed by analyzing and situating primary sources.

The New Face of Online Extremism offers an overview of cutting-edge empirical research around the intersection of extremism and the internet and addresses the challenges and opportunities faced by researchers working on online extremism. While changing social and technological processes have facilitated novel uses of technology by extremists, the book highlights the capacity of these shifts to be utilized by academics to support innovative research.

This book brings together prominent contemporary contributors who examine several novel and under-researched expressions of online extremism, including crypto-financed, conspiracy, neo-Luddite, COVID-19, and Incel groups. The chapters address the challenges of contemporary online extremism research and provide insights for policymakers and regulators as well as ideas for future research.

The New Face of Online Extremism is an important contribution to evidence-based prevention and intervention programmes, and it is a key resource for students and scholars, as well as professionals working in security and social domains.

This book examines U.S. Government promotion of defense industry offsets, from both theoretical and empirical perspectives.

Defense industry offsets are extra benefits that exporters add to arms deals to meet importer demands beyond basic transactions, often considered essential for exporter success. Nonetheless, the so-called "hands off" presidential policy on offsets is often misunderstood as an ironclad prohibition against government support for American companies. In reality, the U.S. president can authorize exceptions for national security. This book demonstrates why the president sometimes goes "hands on" for offsets as a foreign policy tool, such as when government encouragement clashes with anti-offset stakeholders concerned about job losses, technology transfers, and diminishing political support. Even so, competition with defense exporters from other countries and concerns about weak allies that fall short on burden-sharing responsibilities can override domestic constraints. This book examines the evolution of U.S. offset policy via analysis of case studies covering engagement with, respectively, the United Arab Emirates, Poland, and India. By challenging common misperceptions, this book expands our understanding of American foreign policy and highlights the government's role in using offsets for the benefit of the U.S. national interest, the defense industrial base, and security alliances. Furthermore, this analysis is broadly applicable to wherever importing countries apply their own policies and practices with offsets.

This book will be of much interest to students of defense studies, strategic studies, U.S. politics, and International Relations.

Multipolar Revisionism and Cutting the Cost of American Hegemony offers timely analysis of how shifting global power dynamics are reshaping the international order. Grounded in Structural Realism, Hanna Samir Kassab examines how states pursue survival through power accumulation in an increasingly multipolar world.

Through detailed case studies, including U.S. foreign policy under Presidents Biden and Trump, the rise of revisionist powers like China and Russia, and the emergence of BRICS currency alternatives, this book explores the strategic consequences of American retrenchment. Kassab analyzes alliance reconfigurations, economic challenges to U.S. dominance, and the geopolitical implications of China's Belt and Road Initiative. The book concludes with a forward-looking assessment of how diplomacy, alliance-building, and recognition of spheres of influence may stabilize the global system and preserve American power into the 22nd century.

Essential reading for scholars, graduate students, and policy professionals in Security Studies, International Relations, and Global Affairs, it also offers accessible insights for advanced undergraduates and informed readers seeking to understand the forces driving today's geopolitical transitions.

Why is it that in Russia, crises so often become framed as terrorism-and what does this tell us about power, politics and state control? This book examines how the Kremlin has used the language of terrorism to shape Russia's domestic, regional, and international politics, from the Chechen Wars to Syria and the 2022 invasion of Ukraine.

Combining securitisation theory with a three-level analysis, it traces how securitising actors and speech acts reframed terrorism as an existential threat, enabling exceptional measures at home, influence across Russia's near abroad, and claims to counterterrorism leadership internationally. Using securitisation theory, the book follows the rhetoric through laws, presidential addresses, media narratives, and policy outcomes, showing how terrorism securitisation patterns forged in Chechnya travelled into Syria and Ukraine. It offers a clear, system-based analysis of Moscow's securitisation of the terrorism threat, drawing on verified official documents and original Russian sources to explain how security talk becomes state practice.

This book will interest scholars, students, and practitioners of Russian politics, security studies, and international relations, as well as readers in media and communication, area studies, and contemporary history. It is suitable for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate courses on foreign policy, terrorism and counterterrorism, and propaganda, and will be useful to policymakers, analysts, and journalists seeking a rigorous guide to Russia's securitisation of terrorism.

This book uses the Russian invasion of Ukraine as a compelling and dramatic case study to engage with ten key concepts of International Relations (IR).

By focusing on enduring concepts, rather than fleeting events, it provides students and experts alike with a lasting framework for understanding 21st-century international conflicts. Each chapter is written by a leading scholar, providing innovative, critical thinking that sheds light on a specific aspect of the Russo- Ukrainian War. Rigorous analysis, expert insight, discussion of relevant debates, recent literature, and reference works provide readers with an in-depth exploration of key concepts through the lens of interstate war. The book offers readers a comprehensive approach that includes a mastery of the most important concepts in IR; an exploration of the main debates surrounding each of these concepts; and an empirical analysis of the war.

Its accessible style and conceptual, pedagogical, and empirical contributions will make it a valuable resource for students, scholars, and practitioners seeking to deepen their understanding of 21st-century international politics, security studies, foreign policy analysis, and strategic studies.

Expert authors combine approaches from digital geography, with its sensitivity to the socio-technical shaping of socio-spatial relations, and political geography, with its focus on questions of the spatial organisation of the (political) world with research from political sciences, law, computer sciences and economics. With comparative analysis through an international range of case studies, chapters shed light on the concept of digital sovereignty through a multi-stakeholder lens which includes states, private actors and civil society.

Laying the foundations for a political geography of the digital age, this book is an essential reference for researchers and students in political and digital geography, geopolitics, internet studies and digital social science more broadly.

This book explores the increasingly significant role of cities as actors in the European Union's foreign policy, with a particular focus on EU-China relations. Analysing theoretical foundations, empirical data, and a survey of 745 cities, the authors provide unparalleled insights into the practices, challenges, and transformative potential of city diplomacy through its networks, partnerships, and direct engagement with global challenges.

Examining approaches across cities such as Amsterdam, Barcelona, Lodz, Linz, Duisburg, Ostrow Wielkopolski, and Dietzenbach, the methodological approach captures the complexity and variety of urban diplomatic practices to explore the factors influencing city diplomacy and address critical questions central to understanding its role in contemporary international relations. Considering how cities shape and influence EU foreign policy, the authors investigate how the size of a city affects its capacity for international cooperation and how collaboration with academia and business can amplify their diplomatic outreach. Finally, the book explores the role of policy coordination between cities and higher levels of government, highlighting its importance in achieving coherent foreign policy goals and overcoming institutional barriers.

Bridging the gap between academic research and policy practice, this volume offers valuable insights for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers. By highlighting the growing significance of city diplomacy, it provides a timely contribution to the fields of international relations, European studies, and paradiplomacy.

The Role of Memory in War Politics and Post-Conflict Reconciliation: Historical Memory in Crisis explores how memories of war, trauma, and national identity shape politics, diplomacy, and reconciliation across Europe and beyond. Spanning from the Second World War to the current Russia-Ukraine war, the book examines how governments and societies choose to remember - or forget - their past.

How do states use history to justify current policies? Why do certain events become national myths while others are erased? And how can memory be used to promote peace instead of conflict? Through case studies from the UK, Poland, Romania, Georgia, Ukraine, Austria, and the Czech Republic, the book explores how war memorials, education systems, and media shape public opinion and foreign policy. Part 1 looks at past conflicts and their commemoration, while part 2 focuses on the Russia-Ukraine war as a living example of memory in action. Special attention is given to young people's perspectives and the role of cultural memory in their views on war and identity. Bridging history, politics, and culture, the book shows that memory is not static - it is a battleground. Whether manipulated by elites or reclaimed by citizens, how we remember the past deeply affects our present choices and future peace.

This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of political science, history, international relations, sociology, psychology, anthropology, and media studies.

This book examines the motivations behind the interventions of the United States and Russia in civil wars throughout the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).

Based on a comprehensive qualitative analysis of case studies in Syria, Libya, Yemen, and Sudan (2011-2024), the book demonstrates how the form and intensity of these great powers' involvement reflect perceived interests. When interests are high, intervention looks direct and sustained; when interests are moderate, states rely on partners, private military companies, and selective strikes; when interests are low, engagement is mostly diplomatic. The book provides a simple framework, linking historical ties, strategic assets, economic importance, and diplomatic value, which helps readers see why choices that look inconsistent at first in fact follow a pattern. The work's central claim is clear: Russia's behavior is best understood as strategic denial, acting primarily to prevent the United States from locking in influence, while Washington is more willing to exploit openings for gains when costs are acceptable. Utilizing theory with concrete evidence from each case, the book offers an approachable guide to how great powers decide whether, when, and how to intervene, and how their methods change once a rival moves first.

This book will be of much interest to students of security studies, foreign policy, Middle Eastern politics, and international relations.

Intelligence Analysis for Global Politics bridges the gap between practice and academia by exploring how analytical techniques developed by practitioners in strategic sectors such as intelligence, defense, business, and development, who regularly deal with global uncertainty, can enrich academic analysis in the fields of politics, international relations (IR), public policy, and business.

What lessons can academics learn from those who decode global politics in their daily practice? Over the years, practitioners have developed effective techniques designed specifically to minimize analytical failures, enhance accuracy, and improve readiness for future scenarios. This book introduces these methodologies and explains the underlying premises behind their creation across four strategic sectors - intelligence, defense, business, and development - demonstrating their relevance and applicability within academic contexts. Chapter 1 sets the context, including a discussion of recent global trends and core academic concepts. Chapter 2 examines the intelligence community, highlighting techniques developed from historical analytical failures and emphasizing methods for effectively gathering, managing, analyzing, and communicating information. Chapter 3 focuses on the defense sector, illustrating how foresight methodologies such as role-playing and war-gaming actively simulate scenarios to enhance preparedness and refine scenario-building processes. Chapter 4 explores business practices, particularly political risk analysis (PRA), detailing analytical frameworks and indicators businesses employ to manage global uncertainty. Chapter 5 discusses development and cooperation actors, emphasizing their specialization in early warning systems and predictive indicators for humanitarian crises. Finally, Chapter 6 synthesizes these insights, demonstrating how they can be effectively integrated into academic research within IR and politics.

This book will draw great interest to student courses in IR, PRA, intelligence studies, security studies, and geopolitics. Beyond academia, the book will appeal to practitioners in intelligence agencies, private sector risk consultancies, multinational corporations (MNCs), and NGOs seeking to learn boarder practical tools to analyze geopolitical risks.

Since the early 2000s, the Canadian government has attempted reconciliation with Indigenous nations through varied efforts: treaty processes, government commissions, rebranding campaigns for settler-owned businesses, workshops for state and local officials, school curriculum changes, and a recently christened national holiday However, as Joseph Weiss argues, these state-driven initiatives reinforce Indigenous subordination to the settler state. This incisive study of the varied responses from both Indigenous Nations and individuals to reconciliation illuminates how it is implicated in ongoing colonial erasure.

Critically engaging with a variety of fields, including Indigenous studies, anthropology, history, political theory, semiotics, and museum studies, Weiss captures the multiple scales at which these contested dynamics unfold and explores their underlying technologies of erasure. Irreconcilable unpacks how reconciliation offers amends for anti-Indigenous violence while disavowing responsibility for that violence, and argues that settler promises of reconciliation cannot be reconciled to the fact of Indigenous sovereignty. Nevertheless, Weiss illustrates how Indigenous Peoples refuse erasure at every turn, instead building alternate futures and lived worlds that are not always already colonially overdetermined.

This book offers a rich and innovative study of multiracial social worlds in early-twentieth-century London, Liverpool, and Hong Kong - three port cities linked by their importance to global British shipping networks and circuits of Chinese migration. In these cities, Chinese, Black, South Asian and European people came together to foster multiracial communities which have been largely forgotten, remembered only through sensationalist fictions that reflected white anxieties about racial mixing. Nadine Attewell considers these vibrant multiracial worlds through the eyes of those who knew them best: people of mixed Chinese descent, for whom interracial intimacies were features of everyday life.

Mobilizing a wide range of archival materials, including photographs, community and family histories, and wartime intelligence reports, Attewell reconstructs the social experiences of people like Vera Leung, a working-class woman of Irish and Chinese descent growing up in Liverpool's interwar Chinatown, and Percy Chang, a Jamaican man of Chinese and African descent with a wide social network in Hong Kong. Rather than centering identity as the focus of mixed-race people's struggles, she asks what they did and with whom. Drawing on queer and feminist scholarship and integrating British, Asian, and diasporic histories, Attewell presents new ways of thinking about the everyday meanings of interracial intimacy, and practices of relation and survival under global conditions of colonial capitalist rule.

This book examines the development of identity politics and its ramifications across American political and social culture. The author provides an important foundational narrative and undertakes qualitative content analysis of primary sources in antiracism and conservative Christian activism in demonstrating the broad scope of the reach of identity politics in American political culture.

Exploring identity politics as expressed by progressive conservative groups yields important empirical insight into how identity politics has become a predominant political tool that transcends particular partisan social structures. The author argues that identity politics can be quite effective in securing short-term victories, given the passion that such politics can bring. However, since identity politics has a strong propensity to recreate marginalizing structures, it may not be effective in making sustainable changes to support a larger political and social community. A better long-term direction, in the author's view, is moving from an identity political framework toward a political framework that includes the interests of groups across the social and political spectrum.

Identity Politics in the United States is essential for students and instructors in sociology, social theory, political science, American studies, cultural studies as well as some general/popular readership.