Contributing authors present a comparative assessment of international resource governance strategies, outlining the role of natural resources in shaping the global supply chains of energy transition and advanced manufacturing. Chapters consider legal, political economy and sociological dimensions, while examining the varying forms of state-society relations embedded in the extractives sector. The Handbook provides a commodity-specific analysis of resource governance and development, namely concerning the extraction of oil and gas, platinum group metals, tin and nickel. Drawing on key global case studies, it investigates the long-term implications of efforts to resolve the climate emergency whilst managing strategic competition among international powers.

The Handbook of Resource Nationalism is a valuable resource for scholars and students of comparative political economy, development studies, sociology and public policy. It is also highly relevant to policymakers, policy advocates and third sector researchers interested in understanding resource governance, politics, initiatives and outcomes.

Key Features:

• Includes more than 160 entries
• Contributions from over 70 expert authors specialising in a variety of disciplines
• Explores key topics such as 'AI integration', 'buy and build strategies in private equity', 'communications pre- and post-deal', 'employee retention and turnover', 'geopolitics and synergy', 'mergers and acquisitions strategies', 'performance outcomes'

The Elgar Encyclopedia of Mergers and Acquisitions is a crucial reference for students, researchers and scholars of business, management, economics and finance. Practising managers, advisors and mergers and acquisitions teams will greatly benefit from its insights on strategy, organisational behaviour and international business.

This book fosters a global scholarly dialogue on teaching and researching Vietnamese as a second language, with particular attention to pedagogy, identity, and research innovation. It positions Vietnamese within the framework of Less Commonly Taught Languages (LCTLs), highlighting both the opportunities and challenges of teaching and learning in multilingual and multicultural contexts.

The first section examines Vietnamese learning in global settings: heritage language use in bilingual families, second language acquisition in different geographical regions, and the potential of virtual tandem exchange programs. The second presents diverse pedagogical strategies, including corpus-based vocabulary design, task-based learning, and gamification for heritage learners. The third analyzes acquisition processes, such as cross-linguistic influence from Sino-Japanese knowledge, challenges in motion constructions for Chinese and Korean learners, and the acquisition of wh-word order by Japanese learners. The last section turns to broader social and cultural dimensions, focusing on heritage vs. non-heritage dynamics, learner identity, and translanguaging as a tool for inclusive pedagogy. By integrating empirical classroom-based research and educators' voices from different regions, this volume offers practical insights alongside theoretical contributions. It serves as an essential resource for educators, researchers, and anyone interested in the dynamic field of Vietnamese language teaching and research on a global scale.

This book examines how generative artificial intelligence is transforming the field of TESOL and second language education. It introduces the core principles of generative AI and explores its potential to reshape language teaching, learning, and assessment. Early chapters trace the historical development of TESOL theories and methodologies, showing how AI connects with evolving pedagogical approaches. Subsequent sections analyse current applications of AI-driven tools such as virtual tutors, language learning platforms, and automated assessment systems. Drawing on case studies and research, the book highlights best practices for educators and institutions seeking to integrate AI effectively and responsibly. Amongst other issues, key themes include ethics, privacy, bias, equity, and the future of teacher roles in AI-enhanced classrooms. Accessible and evidence-based, this book offers essential insights for educators, researchers, and policymakers interested in language education, AI integration, and applied linguistics.

The current book is the first systematic exposition and analysis of the structure and meaning aspects of the Chinese topic-comment structure. While early analyses of the Chinese topic (and topicalization) phenomena abound, in terms of its theoretical depth and empirical breadth the current book is unparalleled.

The phenomenon of topics is a core concept in modern linguistics, and its research significance extends beyond the scope of Chinese linguistics, being a topic of common concern in the international linguistic community. Based on the theoretical background of Universal Grammar and linguistic typology, the patterns of Chinese topics have strong consequences for the general linguistic theory, inform linguistic typology and lay the foundation for subsequent research. It is thus long overdue to translate the current book into English so that the insights, empirical generalizations and findings can reach a wider, global audience.

The original Chinese title, co-authored by two leading Chinese linguists, provides an empirically all-rounded and theoretically ground-breaking analysis of the topic in Chinese grammar. The entire book consists of seven chapters, introducing and comparing different approaches to the topic phenomenon from competing schools of thoughts within the field of theoretical syntax in China and abroad. It proposes a dedicated structural position of topics, distinguishes between subjects and topics, provides a taxonomy of topic, focus, as well as topic-focus, and explores the distribution and functions of topic markers (topic morphemes) across Sinitic languages. Aside from structural characterizations, the book also delves into the semantic relationships of topics. In particular, it examines the referential properties of topics, analyzes their discourse functions and licensing contexts, and summarizes the relationship between the topic structure and word order types. It ends with an analysis of the grammaticalization of Chinese topics and the resulting structures, as well as a proposal of the implications Chinese topics carry for the subject-topic typology, advocating for broader analyses along similar frameworks on other topic-prominent languages.

Energy markets are critically important in influencing the global economy, the environment, and the financial system. This edited book provides a rich, nuanced examination of the ever-shifting confluence of finance and energy. The volume addresses the most pressing and topical issues in today's rapidly changing global energy markets, covering a wide range of important issues, from price volatility and geopolitics to renewable energy technologies and investment. Utilizing the latest information, examples, and strategic insights, it offers a complete analytical framework for understanding risk, investment, and regulation in both the conventional and renewable energy?sectors. Critical reading for energy professionals, financial analysts, policymakers, and students, this book provides an essential foundation for understanding both current changes and trends in the financial horizons of the energy world.

This book examines public sector accounting, reporting, auditing, and control systems in Central, Southern, and Eastern Europe. Bringing together leading researchers and practitioners from across the region, it provides a comparative analysis of current practices, development paths and challenges of public sector financial management in twelve countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Tuerkiye. Each chapter focuses on a single country, assessing national specifics and international influences. Non-financial and sustainability reporting are also examined. The book is a valuable resource for academics and students, as well as policy makers, public-sector officials and practitioners.

This book traces the evolution of financial assistance in the European Union from the outbreak of the sovereign debt crisis in 2009 to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Each of these shocks generated wide-ranging economic and political repercussions that demanded rapid and often unprecedented EU financial assistance to support member states and partner countries.

The book examines how EU institutions and national governments shaped the development of emergency financial instruments across these three crises. It follows the establishment and governance of key borrowing mechanisms - from the European Stability Mechanism to the Recovery and Resilience Facility, the Security Action for Europe, and the Ukraine Facility - to show how earlier experiences informed subsequent reforms. The analysis highlights an apparent shift in the governance of EU financial assistance, from a model centred on intergovernmental coordination to one increasingly marked by supranational delegation.

The book will appeal to all those interested in European studies, public policy, political economy and public administration.

This book provides an in-depth introduction of the development and implementation of weather index insurance in China's agricultural production, offering comprehensive case studies. It systematically reports the unique challenges encountered and successes achieved in each province, providing valuable insights for China and other developing countries. Combining extensive field research with in-depth policy analyses, this book presents practical strategies for designing, implementing and promoting weather index insurance programs. The main objective of the book is to systematically summarize the experiences and institutional barriers faced in developing weather index insurance in China through multiple case studies. It bridges the gap between theory and practice and is an important reference for researchers, policy makers and practitioners in the fields of agricultural insurance, climate risk management and rural development.

With its empirical research and practical insights, this book is tailored for researchers, policymakers and professionals working in agricultural insurance and climate risk management. It is both a comprehensive guide and a valuable reference for advancing sustainable agricultural practices in the face of climate change.

The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.

This book offers a compelling analysis of Malaysia's path to sustained economic growth and social stability, illuminating how the country navigated the complex challenges of industrialization, ethnic diversity, and inequality. Spanning six decades of development from the 1960s to the 2020s, the book integrates rigorous economic analysis with nuanced political insights to present a comprehensive account of Malaysia's transformation.

Through detailed examination of industrial upgrading, productivity growth, and policy implementation, the book reveals how Malaysia balanced rural development with urbanization and economic expansion with ethnic harmony. Unlike many developing nations that prioritized industrialization at the expense of rural sectors, Malaysia pursued a dual-track strategy-supporting both agriculture and industry while managing labor transitions across sectors.

Central to this success was Malaysia's competitive authoritarian political system, which enabled decisive policy shifts at critical junctures. The book explores how this governance model facilitated the country's transition from a primary commodity exporter to a diversified industrial economy, while actively addressing ethnic economic disparities. Essential reading for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners in development economics, political economy, and Asian studies, this work provides unique insights into the policy choices and institutional dynamics that shaped Malaysia's development trajectory. It offers valuable lessons for other multi-ethnic middle-income countries seeking sustainable growth.

This book presents a China-specific analytical framework for assessing the impact of green trade barriers on the green transformation of the manufacturing sector. As the "greening" trend in trade policies gains momentum, research that addresses China's unique institutional context remains limited. From the unique perspectives of enterprise heterogeneity and differentiated green barriers, this study develops a comprehensive framework that integrates characteristic facts, theoretical mechanisms, impact evaluation, and policy recommendations. This framework enhances our understanding of how green trade barriers influence the green development of manufacturing sector in China. The research introduces a systematic empirical methodology for analyzing the microeconomic effects of these environmental trade shocks. Drawing on an integrated micro-level dataset combining China's Industrial Enterprise Database, Pollution Emission Database, and the WTO Environmental Database (EDB), this study employs a quasi-natural experimental approach by applying propensity score matching combined with difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) for causal identification. This methodological innovation facilitates a thorough investigation of the specific effects and mechanisms of green trade barriers on China's manufacturing green transition, including pollution reduction and green innovation. The findings provide valuable governance insights for aligning the green transformation of manufacturing enterprise with global trade environment regulations. While previous studies have predominantly focused on conventional non-technical trade barriers and pollution transfer via trade, there remains a lack of comprehensive exploration regarding the role of green trade barriers in driving corporate green transformation. By analyzing Chinese enterprises' responses to these barriers, this study offers targeted policy recommendations to effectively cope with external shocks through independent adjustment, while fostering new quality productive forces in the manufacturing sector.

This book uses a new political economy theoretical framework (A-C theory) to explain why China has been able to create economic growth miracles in the past few decades and achieve prosperity from poverty in a relatively short period of time. The A-C theory is based on two core concepts: "economic accessibility" and "political cohesion", emphasizing that the combination of cohesive political governance and access to an open economic system is the institutional basis for driving a country's economy on the road to prosperity-from poverty to wealth. Among them, cohesive political governance is usually political governance that creates a peaceful and stable social order, effectively builds a consensus, and promotes collective action, as opposed to conflictual political governance. An open-access economic system is one that guarantees people the opportunity to participate voluntarily in economic activities, as opposed to a restricted-access economic system. It is the shift from conflict-based political governance to cohesive political governance, from access to a restricted economy to access to an open economy, and the formation of a benign interaction between single-peak unbiased political governance and access to an open economy, which has resulted in more than 40 years of rapid growth. Under this framework, this book examines the development facts of China since the Xinhai Revolution, analyzes typical countries and panel data from 209 countries and regions to further test the historical and international applicability of the theory.

Since technology plays many crucial roles in the functioning of modern society, language teachers are increasingly expected to be able to leverage a variety of digital tools in their classrooms. Despite this expectation, not all teachers feel comfortable with using technology. Many new teachers have not received formal training in the basics of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) and technology use.

Technology in the Language Classroom provides early-career and pre-service second language (L2) instructors with an overview of important issues involved in effectively integrating technology into the L2 classroom. Each chapter provides practical strategies, resources, and application activities to help new teachers gain familiarity with utilizing a variety of digital tools for teaching different skills, including listening, speaking, reading, grammar, vocabulary, and writing. Readers will be encouraged to think critically about the key factors to consider when choosing tools that work for them, their lessons, and their students.

A logistics manager in Dubai reroutes ships through an AI-powered trade platform. A policymaker in Riyadh uses an AI-powered model of the national economy to test how fiscal choices affect growth, spending, and debt. A graduate in Astana is turning to an algorithmic jobs accelerator to find her path in global markets.

Across economies and institutions, artificial intelligence is rewriting the rules of decision-making, governance, and value creation. It marks the dawn of a new economic era that is powered by intelligence, driven by insight, and grounded in inclusion. AI Economics is where this transformation takes shape. It represents the fusion of data, technology, and policy into a living system of governance that anticipates shocks, adapts in real time, and empowers people through knowledge and inclusion.

This timely book explores how nations can navigate this transformation through ten defining policy questions that range from redesigning labour markets to rethinking trade, fiscal policy, and institutional trust. Each question translates the promise of artificial intelligence into a practical pathway toward a more resilient, adaptive, and participatory governance, where data becomes foresight and foresight becomes action. AI Economics is not about replacing human judgment. It is about reimagining how intelligence, in all its forms, can serve society with precision and purpose. Provocative, precise and visionary, Governing the Future challenges policymakers, economists and citizens alike to rethink how nations govern in the new age of artificial intelligence.

The chapters review the existing literature in the field, carrying out advanced econometric investigations to shed light on the implications of physical climate change and provide relevant policy advice. The contributors focus on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, providing detailed insight into green finance, sustainable investment and increasingly necessary ESG (environmental, social and governance) measures. They explore a range of key topics including the role of monetary and macroprudential policies, carbon taxes and allowances and improvements in national governance systems. They also compare strategies across global, local, public and corporate levels, identifying the most efficient methods of financing a sustainable green transition.

The Handbook of Climate Change and Financial Markets is a valuable resource for scholars and students of financial, macro, monetary, environmental and energy economics. It is also beneficial for investors requiring appropriate portfolio and risk management strategies, as well as authorities tasked with climate change policies.

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the interconnected challenges facing the Asian continent in the era of climate change. Structured in three parts, the book addresses the critical pathways toward a sustainable future.

Part I delves into the core mitigation strategy of carbon pricing, examining the design and effects of carbon taxes in Taiwan, the impact of internal carbon pricing within Japanese corporations, and the potential for regional cooperation through joint carbon markets among ASEAN, Japan, China, and South Korea. Part II broadens the scope to energy policy and sustainable development, exploring diverse topics from the rise of climate litigation in China and the complexities of international environmental agreements, to new frameworks for energy security in Vietnam and the tensions between industrialization and renewable energy in ASEAN. Part III focuses on climate resilience and adaptation, presenting empirical case studies on the human and environmental impacts of natural disasters. It investigates the mental health consequences of volcanic eruptions, the gendered dimensions of flooding in Indonesia, the economic valuation of habitat conservation in Taiwan, and strategies for mitigating typhoon losses in Vietnam.

Aimed at scholars, policymakers, and professionals in environmental economics and policy, this volume serves as a comprehensive guide to the evolving dynamics of Asia's path toward a carbon-neutral and ecologically resilient future.

This Open Access book offers a comprehensive oral history of Japan's development cooperation, based on nearly 300 interview narratives collected in Indonesia, Chile, Tanzania, Malaysia, Thailand, Costa Rica, Kenya, Ghana, Zambia, Jordan, Brazil, Cambodia, and Japan. Unlike most books on development cooperation, which are written from the perspective of aid providers, this book gives voice to local actors - referred to as 'counterparts' - in aid recipient countries. In an era of geopolitical polarisation and parochialism, the book compellingly presents alternative ways of development cooperation founded on mutually respectful relationships between foreign experts and their partners. The case studies cover primary and manufacturing industries, infrastructure, education, health, migration, environmental sustainability, and peace. The book invites readers to rethink how development cooperation can be reimagined in our divided world.

In this era when development cooperation undergoes drastic transformation, it is crucial for us to learn from past experience to inform future strategies. Japan's approach has focused on teaching people how to fish rather than giving them fish, thereby fostering unbreakable bonds of trust with local people. This book vividly depicts how these trusting relationships enabled development projects to overcome unforeseen challenges and crises. By sharing narratives of those involved, the book also reveals their expectation, frustration, and a shared sense of accomplishment. This book is a must read for anyone interested in the future direction of global efforts in development cooperation.

Akihiko Tanaka, President, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

At the intersection of economic and political history, this book explores the pivotal role of the Irish diaspora in the development of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. It examines the strategies their respective authorities used to harness it. While post-partition efforts were limited, from the 1950s onward both Irelands successfully engaged diaspora business elites to attract investment and stimulate growth. Highlighting the discreet yet decisive influence of powerful Irish-American businessmen, the study analyses their complex interactions with Irish policymakers. Marked by mutual interests, strategic collaboration, and subtle power dynamics, these relationships played a crucial role at key moments in Ireland's economic history.

Drawing on a century of previously unpublished archival sources from Ireland, Northern Ireland, and the United States, including government records, parliamentary papers, and contemporary press, this book provides fresh comparative insights into the economic policies of the two Irelands and the enduring impact of the diaspora on Ireland-US relations. Offering a rigorous and engaging analysis, this book demonstrates how the entrepreneurial networks of the Irish diaspora have been instrumental in shaping modern Ireland. It is essential reading for scholars in economic and business history, Irish history, and diaspora studies.

Drawing on empirical and theoretical methodologies, the Companion outlines the impact of technological innovation and its life cycles on education, the environment, governance, and supply chain management. Chapters evaluate real-world cases from countries such as China, Japan, and South Korea, analyzing the role and evolution of key technological industries, including semiconductors and electric cars. International contributors examine both micro and macro-level developments across multiple generations of innovation, culminating in insights on how artificial intelligence might shape the future of humanity.

Adopting a multidisciplinary and humanity-centered perspective, the Elgar Companion to Technology Life Cycles is an essential resource for scholars and students of development economics, economics of innovation, science and technology studies, and sustainable development. It is also highly relevant to policymakers and stakeholders across both private and public sectors seeking to understand, manage, and advance technological innovation.

What drives the long-term development of economies-and how does growth affect different segments of society?

This book redefines the theory of economic growth by moving beyond the traditional "average citizen" model. Instead, it introduces a dynamic framework that accounts for the diverse structure of real-world economies, dividing households into distinct groups based on income, consumption, and wealth.

Through rigorous modeling and analysis, the book explores how key factors-such as the economic growth rate and the return on capital-shape not only the overall trajectory of an economy but also the fortunes of its individual household groups. It demonstrates that when the return on capital exceeds the growth rate, wealth concentration intensifies-a finding that aligns with Thomas Piketty's influential empirical research. This book will appeal to economists, policymakers, and anyone interested in the forces that shape prosperity and inequality in modern societies.

Consumers around the world often give voluntary sums of money (called tips) to service providers after those workers have served them. There are no good measures of how much is tipped worldwide, but total tips in the US food and beverage industry alone are estimated to exceed $45 billion a year. Thus, tips represent more than small change and their salience and importance have grown in recent years with the advent of digital tipping, which has expanded both the number and types of services asking for tips and the size of tips they are asking for. Academic psychologists and other scholars have studied this topic for 50 years, but that information is locked away in academic journals and writing that is not easily accessible to the general public. This book brings that work together, along with new previously unpublished analyses, in readable prose that shares what we have learned about the topic - including why people tip, who are the best and worst tippers, why we tip some occupations and not others, why tipping norms vary across countries, and what factors influence the size of tips consumers leave. The insights revealed will benefit consumers struggling to navigate the complex and evolving expectations placed on them, tipped workers seeking to increase their incomes, managers of tipped workers interested in improving employee morale and customer satisfaction, and academics interested in further advancing our understanding of this fascinating behavior.

Forty thousand years ago, humans began to embrace the art of cooperation and mutual consensus. Since then, cooperation has remained central to cultures around the globe, enabling individuals to formulate and pursue life plans focused on collaboration rather than mere survival.

This book challenges prevailing conceptions of freedom by developing a new theory rooted in our cooperative nature: freedom as social cooperation (FSC). This approach posits freedom beyond the absence of interference by others (negative freedom), a particular mental or material condition (positive freedom), or a form of independence (republican freedom). Freedom is a cooperative practice.

The book presents FSC as an innovative conception of freedom and expands it into a theory of liberal democracy that accounts for its political and economic institutions. In an era marked by political confrontation and seemingly irreconcilable differences, FSC offers a timely framework for enriching liberal democracy-reminding us that true freedom is achieved by working together.

This book presents a thorough overview of contemporary investing challenges and analyses how behavioral and neuroeconomics research can inform our understanding of the investment landscape today. It brings forward an original conceptual framework - the Triadic system (Deterministic-Stochastic-Divine) to analyse our understanding of rational behaviour.

Combining economic theory with practical insights and applications, the book explores major obstacles to rational, informed investing, and how psychological biases shape financial and emotional decisions. Integrating perspectives from behavioral finance and neuroeconomics into the domain of personal finance, the book both advances research in this emergent field while outlining practical long-term wealth management strategies. Chapters consider topics such as the role of social media bombardment on investment decisions, postmoney theory and the concept of 'buying life, buying health', traditional investment planning versus the speed of fintech platforms, and the multifaceted impact of AI on investing. This will be a fascinating read for academics working on corporate finance and asset management, behavioral finance and economics, and artificial intelligence, as well as professionals working in these related areas.

This open access book presents a new approach to growth amid international efforts toward sustainable development Quality growth considers inclusiveness, resilience to external shocks (natural disasters, infectious diseases, financial crises etc.) and sustainability in terms of climate and environmental change as integral parts of growth, thereby maximizing people's wellbeing. This approach aims to complement and advance the SDGs before moving beyond them to address broader challenges. This book seeks to elucidate the concept of quality growth from the perspective of economic theory and is primarily intended as an academic resource for practitioners, researchers and students interested in development. The conceptual approach part of the book covered in Chapters 1 to 9 provides a comprehensive review of theoretical background that underpin this approach and a proposal on how quality growth could be measured. The country case study part of the book, Chapters 10 to 14, considers how growth, inclusiveness, sustainability, and resilience have evolved in practice, with an in-depth analysis of case studies from five countries. This book is to discuss the interrelationships among growth, inclusiveness, sustainability, and resilience in an integrated manner, a feature rarely found in other works. The proposed measures for quality growth also add value to the international debates over indicators that extend "beyond GDP."

This Open Access volume sheds light on the economic role and true value of non-human animals' in the global economy. Animals have been a pillar of human prosperity since the dawn of civilization. From early hunting and domestication to their roles in agriculture, science, transportation, wars, and entertainment, animals have shaped our world. Today, their contributions span from providing food and energy to supporting ecosystem services like pollination and pest control.

But animals are more than commodities-they are indispensable economic agents whose labor and agency have shaped the very foundations of our economic systems. This book honors their lives and contributions, and calls for a reassessment of their full worth: economically, ecologically, and ethically. Documenting how animals remain overlooked in economic studies, this book addresses this gap, by exploring their contributions in today's economies, reassessing their true economic value, and proposing innovative ways to reflect this in economic decision-making. Covering all sectors of human-animal economic interaction, this comprehensive volume connects economics with other disciplines, applying frontier research on the valuation of nature to non-human animals.

The book also explores economic policy and regulatory solutions to help recognize animal agency and ecological interdependence, presenting examples of how more humane, animal-free systems can reduce inefficiencies, spark innovation, and enhance both ecological and economic resilience. Essential for understanding our past and future, this book highlights the indispensable role of animals in a sustainable economy. It will appeal to scholars, students, and researchers of economics and across other disciplines, as well as to policy-makers interested in a better understanding of the role of natural capital in economies and, specifically, the value and contributions of non-human animals to economic growth and stability.