This book, as part of a book series on migration in Chinese history, explores migration that took place in the Liao, Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties. This series is a complete, systematic general history on migration in China, the first of its kind both in China and abroad. Though it falls into the category of East Asian History, it is actually an interdisciplinary academic work that looks into not merely history but also culture, customs and historical geography. For the migration of each sub-period, the book seeks to identify the causes, participants, times, destinations, origins, routes and directions of migration, as well as the process of settlement and effect. It also tries to make quantitative analysis and sum up underlying patterns. This book draws evidence from a broad spectrum of sources, including literature, social customs and linguistics, in addition to official histories. It is not only a monograph on historical migrations in China, but also offers an opportunity of interpreting historical transformations from the perspective of migration. This book is intended for academic readers who study migration, Chinese history and historical geography, as well as the general public who loves Chinese culture and wishes to view Chinese culture from a novel perspective.

Mandarin is one of the most-spoken languages in the world. But when it was codified as the new national language in China between the 1910s and 1930s, its artificiality was such that only a handful of people could speak it with any fluency. The state-led creation and spread of China's national language is thus arguably the largest instance of social engineering in human history. What took centuries to accomplish in Europe was compressed into a mere three decades in China. How did this national linguistic unification happen? And, more broadly, what can this process teach us about the role of language in society? Based on research conducted in libraries and archives across the United States, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and mainland China, Jeffrey Weng examines the Chinese state's efforts to codify and elevate a new national language during the transition from Classical Chinese to modern standard Mandarin in the early twentieth century.

The ultimate form of the language was not inevitable. It was the concatenation of a multitude of disputes and decisions made in the early years of the republic, and, as Weng argues, represents a particular vision of Chinese society: unitary and egalitarian. Weng both reconstructs and reinterprets events in early twentieth-century China to give us a fresh view of how social change take place and how nations are made through cultural reinvention.

With a keen attention to how culture and elite conflict shape politics, The Great Separation upends deterministic understandings of the Chinese Cultural Revolution and the market reforms that followed. This ambitious posthumous volume by sociologist Xiaohong Xu turns the existing scholarship on China's "neoliberalism" on its head by demonstrating that the effort to separate mass politics from economic policy had its origins well before the Reform and Opening-up era.

Over the course of the Cultural Revolution, unfolding factional dynamics and interpretive struggles enabled Chairman Mao and his radical colleagues to mobilize workers to advance their own political goals while neutralizing the masses' economic demands, symbolically separating the political from the economic. This set the stage for a more thoroughgoing depoliticization of the economy after 1989, when China faced challenges from students and workers whose economic grievances had rapidly morphed into political demands for democracy. The result was what Xu calls ordoeconomism: an ideology that valorizes economic development, rejects mass politics, and views the state as the apolitical guardian of the economy. As Xu demonstrates, while ordoeconomism may share some affinities with neoliberalism, it is a distinctively Chinese approach that must be understood on its own terms.

This comprehensive work examines the vital role of dredging equipment in national economic and defense development, highlighting seven decades of remarkable progress in China's shipbuilding industry. Through detailed analysis of technological evolution, the book showcases how Chinese workers and technical personnel demonstrated exceptional self-reliance while advancing from basic dredging equipment to sophisticated world-class machines. The narrative particularly emphasizes the industry's journey of overcoming technical challenges, documenting the transformation that has positioned China as a global leader in dredging technology. As a reference work, it offers invaluable insights and practical knowledge specifically tailored for workers, cadres, and technical personnel in related fields.

Plastic surgery has exploded in popularity in the recent decades, with South Korea emerging as a leader of the global beauty economy. In Remedying the Body So-Rim Lee explores a cultural discourse of plastic surgery in South Korea through the feminist politics of care. Pulling together archival and cultural materials from the 1950s to the 2020s, Lee takes Korea as a paradigmatic example to reimagine coalitional ways of surviving a world governed by oppressive bodily norms.

Drawing from the Korean term koch'ida ("to cure or mend"), Lee uses "remedy" to name a broad spectrum of medical interventions performed to change the bodily appearance to arrive at a bodily norm. Remedy, however, is much more than medical treatment alone. This book contends that remedy is also a critical cultural ethos, a social performance of subjectivity, and a material practice of embodiment where state biopolitics and individual desire for belonging are inextricably entangled.

Drawing on an impressive array of archival sources, from colonial criminal records to historical maps and expose journalism, this book brings to light the overlooked history of ethnic Chinese enclaves in Korea during the era of Japanese colonialism. Situated within a global circuit of Chinese migration, the Japanese empire produced a structure of anti-migrant violence unique to colonial Asia while reproducing racial ideas that shaped the Chinatowns of North America and Europe. Each chapter of the book analyzes a site of Chinese migration as a constitutive part of the Japanese colonial infrastructures of racialization: ships and ports that served as conduits for Chinese migrants; shophouses that spread across Asia to accommodate new types of colonial labor; writings that circulated Chinese racial archetypes; streets and homes vulnerable to ethnic violence and destruction; and Japanese police photographs created to surveil Chinese migrants and their environments.

The title of the book, Traveling Chinatowns, indicates the transimperial infrastructures of Asian racialization that made Chinatowns both material and ideological spaces across multiple continents. Locating Korea's Chinatowns within transnational histories of anti-migrant racism and violence, this book challenges the prevailing view that sees Chinatowns as exclusively the creation of white settler racism, and instead sheds light on the complexity inherent in Chinatowns as spaces that are reflective of histories of empire and labor migration that have linked people, goods, and ideas across continents.

How lens-based art from Southeast Asia offers alternative visions for ecological sustainability

A new paradigm of ecologically minded artistic practices is taking shape in Southeast Asia - one that at once tracks ecological destruction and works specifically to cultivate deeper feelings of empathy toward the environment. Examining a range of photography and video work, The Empathic Lens explores how these lens-based projects respond to increasingly urgent concerns related to climate disaster and capitalist acceleration.

In this analysis of work produced across Cambodia, Vietnam, and Singapore, Brianne Cohen highlights artists for whom rampant urban development, resource extraction, and environmental toxicity are close at hand. As each artist takes their lens to these realities, Cohen shows, they draw on Indigenous knowledge and local traditions that have long recognized the kinship of humans and nonhumans. Engaging often-censored discourses of Indigenous land relations and environmental justice in a region with a long history of colonial and neocolonial development, Cohen traces genealogies of empathy and animism to demonstrate how these works develop sustainable visions for the future coexistence of planetary life.

The first critical account of marginalized artworks that depict the centrality of the more-than-human in Southeast Asian Indigenous worldviews, The Empathic Lens makes a powerful case for the relevance of Southeast Asian lens-based art in contemporary media practice and the art of the Anthropocene.

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This book examines the role of civil society in guarding Indonesia's democracy, with a spotlight on the 2024 general elections. The 2024 election was characterized by the incumbent's significant influence in shaping electoral outcomes, even prior to election day, including bureaucratic involvement aimed at favouring specific candidates aligned with the regime, thereby undermining procedural democratic norms. Within this context, this book considers how far civil society plays a role in safeguarding Indonesia's democracy. This book is guided by two main considerations: the general picture of Indonesia's democracy based on the 2024 general elections process, and the role of civil society in guarding the electoral process of the 2024 general elections. It looks at participation in electoral political competition vis-a-vis identity politics, such as affiliations with Islamic figures or leveraging Chinese ethnic identity, and the actions of Indonesian religious organizations such as Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah, as well as, the role of women's NGOs in ensuring implementation of the quota for women's representation in the 2024 elections. It also illustrates how young Muslims, utilizing digital platforms and contemporary cultural movements, have rejuvenated Islamism into a dynamic and adaptable force that effectively responds to modern challenges while upholding democratic ideals, which are marked by inclusivity, justice, and civic engagement. The central finding, however, is that this broad civic action is undermined by fragmentation within an increasingly closed and transactional political system. Ultimately, the book concludes that this diversity within civil society, despite its challenges, represents the most distinctive opportunity for safeguarding and revitalizing Indonesian democracy beyond 2024.

This book maps out how family planning has contributed to the reshaping of the Indonesian family as found today. It uses the 2021 Family Enumeration Survey in Indonesia to pinpoint some of the key dimensions of family planning success in the country. In doing so, it points to areas that the newly-elected Prabowo government needs to address to ensure that family planning is truly women's empowerment, and men's responsibility. Fifty years ago, the dominant anxiety globally was the threat of overpopulation. The World Bank and the United Nations pressed countries to set up family planning programs to reduce high birth rates. Indonesia was an early recruit to the effort, and now, five decades later, it has achieved outstanding success. The book walks through how The National Family Planning Board trained armies of fieldworkers to promote contraceptive use, delay marriage age, and ensure universal schooling. It shows, as a result, that fertility has fallen below replacement level, education levels have risen dramatically, and the role of women in Indonesian society has blossomed. In highlighting the success of the Indonesian family planning program in reducing fertility, and providing the first analysis of the 2021 BKKBN Family Enumeration Survey, this is a landmark presentation of its key findings. This timely book is a valuable resource for demographers and population studies scholars, and for social scientists studying the fabric of Indonesian society, particularly its gender and family dynamics, and, more broadly, the role of contraception in public health.

This book offers a critical realist analysis of police stop and search practices in England, examining the underlying mechanisms that drive both intended and unintended outcomes. Stop and search remain controversial: seen by many as necessary for preventing crime, yet criticised for perpetuating harm through racial discrimination and strained police-community relationships.

Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, interviews with police officers and stakeholders, and quantitative analysis of stop and search data, the book identifies the contextual factors and generative mechanisms that shape how stop and search is used and what outcomes it produces. It reveals how historical tensions between police and marginalised communities, inconsistent political messaging, and an emphasis on low-level drug enforcement contribute to disproportionate targeting of ethnic minorities and socio-economically disadvantaged areas.

The research uncovers several significant mechanisms. Officer identity plays a central role: for 'proactive' officers, stop and search is embedded in their professional self-conception. Neighbourhood bias drives operational decisions, leading to over-policing of stigmatised areas. A disconnect exists between officers' protective justifications and the reality that most stops target young men for minor cannabis possession rather than serious offending.

By examining how contextual factors and generative mechanisms interact, the book provides a comprehensive framework for understanding stop and search in England and internationally. It demonstrates why procedural reforms consistently fail and that meaningful change requires addressing the deep-rooted structures that generate harmful outcomes.

The book provides a grounded and interdisciplinary analysis of the effectiveness of community participation in urban planning practice in multicultural Australia. The book engages with existing and emerging debates on participation in urban planning and provides fresh evidence to show how and why community participation is problematic, particularly in the context of the status quo of top-down decision-making, neglect of social capital, and marginalisation of diverse community groups. The book provides ways to empower local communities, particularly disadvantaged groups, to ensure representation and accountability in planning practice. The book offers critical guidance on effective community participation for multicultural communities, planners, and development practitioners.

This book examines how inequality has become a defining feature of Australian social life, challenging enduring narratives of the 'fair go' and 'mateship'. Using a political economy lens and the capability approach, Alan Morris traces how disparities in income and wealth intersect with housing insecurity, unequal educational opportunity, health inequities, incarceration and gender inequality.

Across eight chapters, the book synthesises evidence from official statistics, policy reports and academic research, showing how advantage and disadvantage accumulate over the life course and are amplified by neoliberal reform, privatisation and the financialisation of housing. Particular attention is paid to Indigenous Australians who experience the most severe disadvantage, including exceptionally high rates of incarceration. The concluding chapter sets out practical policy directions-from tax and transfer settings and income support adequacy to investment in housing, education, health and justice reform-arguing that reducing capability deprivation is central to social cohesion and ensuring a decent life for all.

Written for researchers, students and policy audiences in sociology, social policy, public policy, criminology, housing and urban studies, and Australian studies, this book provides a rich, comprehensive and clear evidence-based account of contemporary inequality and what might be done to address it.

This collection marks the 20th anniversary of the entry into force of the UN Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture (OPCAT). It focusses on one major component of a growing network of monitoring bodies, that is, the establishment of NPMs (National Preventive Mechanisms) in a European context. The contributors come from different parts of Europe and bring their unique expertise into the book. In their chapters they reflect on questions related to their countries' processes in ratifying OPCAT as well as the establishment and functioning of the NPMs. The book explores the variety of ways in which NPMs implement their mandate in practice, as well as the key opportunities and challenges they encounter in fulfilling their role.

This book offers a unique perspective on reimagining the youth justice system by drawing on diverse international models of justice and applying a scientific lens to core global youth justice issues. Unlike existing works that focus solely on either reimagining the system or addressing global issues, this volume pioneers an exploration of how an evidence-based, reimagined system intersects with and addresses central concepts and topics from a global perspective. Drawing upon contemporary evidence, this book dissects and challenges longstanding presuppositions in youth justice, ranging from the nature of youth offending to responses to it, and highlights the crucial role of scientific insights in shaping these domains.

With a focus on core global issues such as the school-to-prison pipeline, gang culture, the radicalisation of youth, child soldiering, and the distinctive category of child victim-offender overlap, this comprehensive work serves as a vital resource for scholars, students, policymakers, and practitioners alike. By fostering dialogue between empirical evidence, varied justice models, systemic organisational structures, and pressing global issues, this book aims to provoke critical reflection and drive transformative change in the field of youth justice.