都市・住宅問題 — 全 下位分類

This book critically examines the methodology of visual perception of urban places. Based on systematic study of different parameters derived from investigative research and on empirical analysis of Kolkata as a case, it discusses generic issues of urban design in relation with visual communication design. A framework has been evolved in the process which can be used methodically in various cities and urban environments across the world. Extending the idea, it also brings themes like architectural conjunction; issue of urban well-being; safety; policy standards, guidelines and procedures; involvement of community and stakeholders; cultural variability and urban regeneration. This book will be useful for practitioners and researchers of architecture, design, urban design, urban studies, sociology, environmental psychology, urban governance, development studies, urban sociology and cultural psychology.

As cities grapple with climate change and social inequality, a growing movement recognizes walking as fundamental to urban sustainability. Creating Sustainable Cities Through Pedestrian Urbanism explores how communities worldwide are rethinking the relationship between mobility, place, and belonging.

Drawing from diverse cities across North America, Europe, and Asia, this book examines the shift from car-dominated planning toward human-centered design. It traces how walkable environments support environmental goals while fostering social connection and cultural vitality, demonstrating that sustainable cities are also more equitable and livable cities.

This book investigates varied examples: cultural programming in transit stations, night festivals and murals, pedestrian-friendly street transformations, adaptive public spaces, and community-led initiatives. It considers how everyday elements-cafe culture, green infrastructure, neighborhood events-contribute to places that are both environmentally responsible and socially cohesive.

Written for urban practitioners, community advocates, and engaged citizens, this book offers insights rather than prescriptions, recognizing that each place requires its own approach to pedestrian urbanism. By examining what works and what doesn't across different contexts and scales, Creating Sustainable Cities Through Pedestrian Urbanism contributes to ongoing conversations about building cities that serve both people and planet. Sustainable urban futures, it suggests, may be closer than we walk.

This open access book offers interdisciplinary perspectives on cities shaped by shifting borders and contested identities. Rooted in the study of spatial and social re-appropriation, the book invites readers to rethink the urban experience in Central and Eastern Europe-a region defined by political discontinuities and rich linguistic and ethnic diversity.

Historical and Contemporary Challenges for Central and Eastern European Cities engages with the concept of a city to explore attempts to homogenize, categorize, and eliminate differences in history and present day. The essays delve into the interplay between official discourses and marginalized voices that challenge established hierarchies, uncovering both the conflicts and synergies that emerge in multiethnic and multilingual environments. The contributors offer fresh insights into how Central and Eastern European cities navigate their layered identities, fostering a deeper understanding of the region's dynamic and complex urban narratives.

The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by Federal Ministry of Research, Technology, and Space (BMFTR).

This book sheds light on how different European countries have addressed the challenges surrounding the increase in housing demand in the wake of significant refugee influxes, including the 2015 refugee crisis and the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Contributors evaluate the effectiveness of New Public Management and multi-dimensional governance systems in refugee housing provision, offering insights into diverse approaches to this pressing challenge within European welfare frameworks. Ultimately, the book highlights the importance of housing as both a fundamental human need and an economic asset and functions as a crucial marker for successful integration of refugees into their host communities.

Refugee Housing in Europe is an invaluable resource for academics and students researching immigrant integration across the social sciences. It also provides vital insights for stakeholders dealing with immigrant integration and practitioners in the EU administration and at national, regional and local levels.

This book provides a collection of the latest sustainable architecture and urban practices in arid and semi-arid cities and communities. It discusses the concept of resilience in architecture, discussing resilient socio-ecological systems in the Arab Region and using urban agriculture practices for designing resilient spaces. The book addresses sustainable building materials within the contexts of indoor spaces, climate change, and economic viability. It also addresses waste management and the concept of zero waste. The book highlights sustainable water management systems in buildings and cities, in addition to learned lessons from indigenous water management methods. It focuses on urban greening using haloculture for combating global warming effects and discusses the impact of green roofs as a type of urban greening in improving the thermal performance of buildings. The book delves into heat wave hazards and geospatial analysis in urban settings, using cyber-physical systems in smart cities and carbon-neutral urban developments. The book is useful to researchers, professionals, practitioners, post-graduates, and undergraduates who are interested in the field of environmental architecture engineering.

Building and expanding on the literature of case studies of urban commons that have emerged which question the development of urban commons theories and concepts and identify results and contradictions, this edited collection progresses our understanding of the different aspects, characteristics, challenges, contradictions and potential of the urban commons in Italy.

Presenting different case studies of urban commons and socially innovative and democratic practices in Italian cities, the chapters analyse the different contexts and specific political and socio-economic needs that are being addressed. Uncovering the motivations, discourse and actions of the different actors involved as well as the dynamics among them, the authors investigate negotiating with commons actors and the state involving conflict, negotiation and collaboration, as well as the relationship with the surrounding urban environment and local institutions and how they intertwine. In which ways do the urban commons and their socially innovative governance challenge the urban development model? In which manners do urban commons initiatives advance the right to the city? How do territorial and local communities contribute to the creation and diffusion of social innovation, recognising its structuring effect?

With chapters written by scholars with expertise in urban studies, sociology and political science, this collection is a multidisciplinary effort needed to fully understand an evolving phenomenon in social sciences. It is an important contribution to theoretic debates on the urban commons in Italy, wider Europe, and beyond.

This 3-volume set examines how suburban spaces shape and reflect human experiences in North America, Europe, and Asia, bringing together works by an international group of scholars who explore suburbia through critical analyses of literature, culture, sociology, history, politics, and urban planning. The multidisciplinary and international scope of each volume offers readers a wide breadth of perspectives. Suburbia Reconsidered thus contributes significantly to the expanding field of suburban studies by offering novel insights into the representation of suburbs in literature, the cultural significance of suburban environments, and the socio-economic challenges confronting suburban communities across the globe.

Volume 1 of this 3-volume set examines the depiction of suburban spaces in 20th- and 21st-century British, American, Canadian, and French literature. The contributors present original perspectives on how suburban environments influence human experiences and identities, as reflected in literature. Chapters in this section also probe the intersections of gender, race, and ethnicity within suburban fiction, and traverse popular genres from detective novels to memoirs.

By integrating insights from literature, cultural studies, sociology, history, and urban planning, Suburbia Reconsidered enhances our understanding of suburban spaces and their potential for positive transformation, and encourages scholars to explore new methodologies and perspectives.

This book explores the transformative power of urban public space for women's empowerment. Addressing a critical gap in the existing literature, the authors develop an empirically grounded methodology to measure women's interactions and empowerment in contemporary public spaces across diverse urban settings. The book provides a practical framework for researchers and urban planners to assess women's socio-spatial experiences in specific urban contexts and work toward improving public spaces through a gender-responsive approach. Beyond its contribution to the urban planning and design literature, particularly in the area of women and public space, this book highlights the central role of public space in enriching women's social lives and promoting their empowerment. It expands our understanding of the role of women in the urban fabric and offers valuable insights for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to create more equitable, inclusive and empowered cities. The book presents a fresh perspective on the intersection of gender, urbanism, and empowerment, and invites readers to engage in the ongoing dialogue shaping the future of urban public spaces.

This book discusses how people experience and inhabit high-density and high-rise urban environments, drawing on current literature about the psychological, physical, and environmental health impacts. It brings a novel exploration of the evolving definitions of space and new ways of socializing within vertical urban settings, coupled with a cutting-edge approach focused on applying neuroscience principles to urban design. International case studies from Singapore, Seoul, and Hong Kong convey useful lessons for the urban design and morphology of high-density cities.

This 3-volume set examines how suburban spaces shape and reflect human experiences in North America, Europe, and Asia, bringing together works by an international group of scholars who explore suburbia through critical analyses of literature, culture, sociology, history, politics, and urban planning. The multidisciplinary and international scope of each volume offers readers a wide breadth of perspectives. Suburbia Reconsidered thus contributes significantly to the expanding field of suburban studies by offering novel insights into the representation of suburbs in literature, the cultural significance of suburban environments, and the socio-economic challenges confronting suburban communities across the globe.

Volume 3 of this 3-volume set addresses multiple dimensions of suburban social and political life, as well as planning and history. Contributors explore such themes as race and class exclusion, the relationship of eugenics to suburban planning, environmental impacts and activism in suburbia, and the influence of Cold War geopolitics on suburban planning. Some essays use history to explore implications for future suburban development, around such themes as environmental policy and multiracial suburban community building. These works use case studies to illustrate opportunities for creating more inclusive, sustainable, and culturally vibrant suburban spaces.

By integrating insights from literature, cultural studies, sociology, history, and urban planning, Suburbia Reconsidered enhances our understanding of suburban spaces and their potential for positive transformation, and encourages scholars to explore new methodologies and perspectives.

This 3-volume set examines how suburban spaces shape and reflect human experiences in North America, Europe, and Asia, bringing together works by an international group of scholars who explore suburbia through critical analyses of literature, culture, sociology, history, politics, and urban planning. The multidisciplinary and international scope of each volume offers readers a wide breadth of perspectives. Suburbia Reconsidered thus contributes significantly to the expanding field of suburban studies by offering novel insights into the representation of suburbs in literature, the cultural significance of suburban environments, and the socio-economic challenges confronting suburban communities across the globe.

Volume 2 of this 3-volume set explores representations of suburbia across various forms of popular culture and media, including rap, punk, and classical music, cinema, and theme parks. Contributors analyse how these cultural products both reflect and shape perceptions of suburban life. These diverse representations provide valuable insights into the evolving perceptions and realities of suburban existence across different contexts and media.

By integrating insights from literature, cultural studies, sociology, history, and urban planning, Suburbia Reconsidered enhances our understanding of suburban spaces and their potential for positive transformation, and encourages scholars to explore new methodologies and perspectives.

Megaprojects are not merely transformative, but rather, they are inherently disruptive. They are incompatible with any approach to urban sustainability that prioritizes the well-being of urbanites and the boundaries of the Earth system. In fact, megaprojects undermine efforts to tackle the global impacts associated with both the destructive creation of capitalism and the new climate regime.

The reason for this state of affairs is not cost overruns and poor megaproject management, but the disruptive impacts that megaprojects have on urban areas. This book emphasizes the impacts imperative in megaproject planning: the importance of identifying disruptive impacts as a prerequisite for critically assessing whether megaprojects should be built.

Drawing on 18 megaprojects in 16 cities around the world (inter alia, Istanbul, Hong Kong, Abu Dhabi, Barcelona, Boston, New York and Shanghai), Contesting Megaprojects illustrates urban-regional trajectories over the past fifty years. These trajectories show the coexistence of property development, culture, and iconic architecture, together with a more recent interest in science and technology, innovation, and sustainability as strategies to foster urban competitiveness.

Megaprojects cause massive disruptions everywhere, and the book offers a typology of megaproject impacts: socioeconomic, environmental, spatial, political and geopolitical, financial, cultural and systemic. As a response to this emerging complex web of interrelated megaproject impacts (disruptive complexity), the book develops the concept of complex sustainability, a transdisciplinary approach to urban sustainability, through socioeconomic sustainability and deep sustainability.

The critical outlook of this book contributes to fundamental debates around capitalist development: trickle-down urbanism, spectacularization, high-tech innovation and AI, planetary boundaries, global risks, resilience, the right to the city, geopolitics, democracy, prosperity, and power. Contesting Megaprojects can help urban scholars and analysts, practitioners, policymakers, and residents of cities better understand the complex impacts of urban megaprojects, their magnitude and consequences, and identify pathways of analysis and action toward a more sustainable and just future.

This book, extensively revised and updated in its second edition, presents a comprehensive overview of housing policy in Australia over the last quarter century. At a time of widespread concern about declining housing system performance, it investigates the many dimensions of housing affordability and housing wealth inequality, together with government actions affecting these outcomes.

The authors analyse the causes and implications of falling home ownership, rising rental stress rates and the long-term neglect of social housing, as well as the housing situation of Indigenous Australians.

Building on its analysis of housing policy evolution in modern Australia, this new edition also documents and critiques the numerous government efforts of the early 2020s to halt the decline in housing affordability. These reforms span tenancy regulation, land-use planning and housing supply, first home buyer assistance, and social/affordable housing investment.

Throughout, the book identifies current and future housing challenges for Australian governments, recognising these as a complex set of inter-connected problems. Drawing on its coverage of the economics, politics and governance of housing provision, the final chapter outlines a pathway to the transformational national strategy needed for a fairer and more productive housing system.

This open access book represents a multiyear exploration into identity-based mass violence (IBMV) within urban contexts. It explores the complexities of structural and acute violence in cities, drawing on local solutions rooted in the fields of urban violence prevention, atrocity prevention, and peacebuilding. The authors present a multidimensional approach that addresses sexual and gender-based violence, racial and ethnic violence, gang or group-based violence, state-perpetrated violence, political violence, violence against migrants, and others. The volume investigates the outsized influence of power in shaping how violence is understood and how prevention outcomes are evaluated. The chapters span scholarship, practical guidance, and lived experience of enduring and bearing witness to IBMV. This volume speaks directly to reform-minded partners and allies in policy and practice, as well as to funders and supporters. It provides a practical foundation for collaborative, prevention-focused action and policy opportunities.

This book examines the socially segregated Santals, a tribal community that migrated from various parts of Bengal and its neighbouring states of Bihar, Orissa, and Jharkhand to Kolkata, a city currently driven by capitalist-consumerist forces that pose a challenge in terms of the community's inclusion and accommodation. As residents of Kolkata for more than four decades, the Santal migrants have experienced multiple unique challenges in adapting to modern, urban life.
The book maps the political economy of social change around the globe and in India to understand how such marginalised tribes have coped with attempts to assimilate. By pursuing an ethnographic account and exploring the lived realities of the Santals as they negotiate the socio-cultural world of the city, the book attempts to deconstruct notions of 'pristine' tribal cultures and the need to 'mainstream' tribes, thus conveying a sense of the multiple discourses on the tribal question emerging from within the tribal community. In turn, it critically addresses the tension concerning the theory-practice divide in researching marginality. Combining theoretical insights with empirical discussions and thematic analyses of the qualitative data, the book offers researchers, scholars, students, and policymakers an interesting read on marginality in the context of globalizing urban spaces.

This book discusses the evaluation of urban lifestyle, urban livability and human settlement environment from the perspective of interdisciplinarity. On this basis, it explores the living spaces and new forms of living spaces of different groups, and expands the scope of traditional urban living space research, especially highlighting the impact of the development of new technologies and the emergence of new living concepts on urban living space. This book concludes with a summary and an outlook for future research. Combining quantitative and qualitative research, and taking into account the enhancement of research methods by new technologies such as ICT, this book aims to provide a systematic framework for the study of Urban living space and to provide readers with a comprehensive demonstration of empirical research in this area. Readers of this book includes those working in the fields of human geography, urban sociology, urban and rural planning, urban economics and urban management, as well as policy makers in relevant government departments, property development and business managers, and university teachers and students. The three main features of this book are "cutting-edge," "interesting" and "academic." This book aims to provide readers with the basic framework, important concepts, cutting-edge methods, and important findings and conclusions of urban living space research in China.

This book provides an in-depth study of community and home eldercare in modern China, examining its integration with urban community governance. Community eldercare, established through public-private partnerships, reveals a hybrid economy where state control and marketization coexist. By situating eldercare within the community, it becomes intertwined with population governance, particularly with the recent adoption of smart care technologies. As a result, community eldercare transforms into a semi-public space that combines elements of social, physical, and emotional homes for older adults. The book explores caregivers' work, framing it as bodily, dirty, and emotional labor. In the current trend of digitalization, caregivers are not only monitored by digital technologies but are also required to interact with these technologies in addition to providing direct care. Drawing on ethnographic analysis, this book is an invaluable resource for students and scholars in human geography, gerontology, and Asian studies, as well as for policymakers and practitioners in the rapidly expanding field of eldercare. It will also resonate with a broader audience interested in the global implications of population aging and the integration of technology in care systems.

This Open Access book explores the contemporary socio-economic challenges that European non-urban areas face, illuminating how collaborative workspaces (CWS) contribute to tackling them in multiple ways. Collaborative workspaces (such as coworking spaces, fab labs, creative hubs, etc.) for freelancers, self-employed, remote workers and start-ups are increasingly becoming a subject of local and regional economic development policies as they are considered important intermediaries that help deliver entrepreneurial development and local innovation agendas. There has also been a rise in CWS in less densely populated communities in rural and peripheral regions across the European Union that face particular challenges such as brain drain, low investment levels, and low levels of entrepreneurship. These non-urban CWS differ in terms of scopes, functions and impacts compared to those in urban centers. The contributions in this volume unpack the development processes of CWS in rural, suburban, remote and peripheral areas, their wider economic, social and community impacts at the local and regional level, as well as at the level of the individual worker and the enterprise. The book brings together contributions from a broad range of scientific disciplines, including social and economic geography, economics, business studies, architecture, planning, gender studies, and management studies.

This book is the follow-up research and practical achievement of the national science and technology support project "Research on the planning standards of villages, townships and rural communities" and "Research on the planning technology of rural settlements" in the eleventh five-year plan. The whole book is divided into three parts. The first part puts forward the "three suitability principles" of suitable for environment, technology and human settlement, the "Trinity" ideology of industrial economy, social culture and spatial environment and the cognitive framework, "three levels", including township, village and village construction, constructing the theory of "Beautiful Countryside" construction. The second part based on rural planning and construction practice of 7 typical villages in Huangyan District, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, interpreting targeted planning and construction strategies. The third part focuses on the display and analysis of the whole process of the rural construction of Shatan village, Yutou Township, Huangyan District.

This book combines theory and practice with typical cases study. Pictures and texts are listed in each chapter for easier understanding. It is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students majoring in urban and rural planning, architecture and landscape architecture in colleges and universities. It can be used as a reference material for personnel engaged in rural planning, design, construction and management and for the training and learning of rural cadres. Meanwhile, it can also be used as a reference for general audience who interested in rural planning and construction.

The European continent has given rise to the greatest number of spatial divisions. Its limits have provoked numerous debates, both within and outside of the continent. The European Union, for its part, has become a laboratory for the production of divisions.

Each of these divisions, a vector of identity and territoriality, reflects an intentionality, as revealed in Mapping the Spatial Divisions of Europe. The book shows the multiplicity of forms and modalities of these divisions and the actors who produce, use and question them in a globalized, and reticular world.

From the continent as a whole to the individual regions via metropolitan areas and their networks, from meshing to zoning, from regionalization to representations, this book explores how these divisions are used to govern, plan, imagine and build European territories beyond the heritage of states and their borders. The chapters shed new light on the theoretical and practical issues involved in carving Europe on different time and space scales.

This book examines the concept of smart cities in the context of the UN's sustainable development goals, through three Mediterranean port cities. It draws on the case studies of Dubrovnik (Croatia), Limassol (Cyprus), and Valletta (Malta), three smart cities on the Mediterranean that are important tourist cruising destinations; cities in small European states that are members of the EU; with sites on the UNESCO World Heritage List; important tourist cruising destinations with global recognition; promoted as safe tourist destinations; and locations for popular films and series. It analyses the three cities and assesses their success in achieving their goals of becoming inclusive, safe, adaptable, and sustainable.

Based on extensive fieldwork and backed by big data qualitative analysis, the volume will be of great interest to professionals, scholars, and researchers of environment and sustainability, built environment, and urban studies.

Mapping has evolved beyond navigation into a method for interpreting spatial, ephemeral, and sociopolitical dimensions of contemporary life. This volume explores how cartographic practices are being reimagined across disciplines to understand and reconfigure urban space.

The chapters examine mapping as both representational and generative, spanning participatory mapping in informal settlements, film-based documentation of marginalised geographies, embodied cartographies, and data-driven analysis. Organised into five parts, "Representation," "Critical Cartographies," "Mapping Belonging," "Performative Cartographies," and "Data Mapping", the volume highlights methodological and layered dimensions of contemporary mapping. By interrogating traditional cartography, the book emphasises maps' role in constructing social realities and navigating contested urban terrains. Contributors demonstrate mapping as an engagement practice that reveals hidden geographies, amplifies marginal voices, and reimagines spaces.

This volume challenges readers to reconsider mapping as an interdisciplinary practice and mode of inquiry that can transform our understanding of complex environments and social dynamics. It will be of interest to researchers and students of urban design, architecture, planning, human geography, politics and sociology.

This book presents an interdisciplinary and international reevaluation of urban critical theories, bringing together key perspectives from around the world on contemporary urban studies.

Engaging with a wide range of issues related to the urban question - including urban sprawl, housing, and the accelerating rates of urbanization globally - it weaves together interconnected dimensions of urban inequality, analyzing how class, gender, and race serve as fundamental axes shaping contemporary social phenomena. The book also possesses a crucial capacity to integrate various interrelated issues within urban studies while fostering dialogue between established scholars and emerging researchers, ultimately seeking to move beyond the confines of the Global North by devoting only one-third of its content to this context, while emphasizing perspectives from other regions and problematizing the imperialism issue in an urban context. Additionally, it aspires to offer a book that not only serves an academic audience but also possesses a broader, accessible character, appealing to politically engaged individuals, including those involved in progressive political parties and social movements.

As such, the volume will appeal to scholars across disciplines, as well as politically engaged individuals, who are interested in critical theoretical analyses of contemporary urban and spatial transformations, as well as the phenomenon of planetary urbanization. Its primary objective is to bring together diverse perspectives and ongoing debates on the urban question.

This book is motivated by a simple observation: Privately Owned Public Spaces, or POPS, are overlooked sites when it comes to exploring the subject of taste in architecture and urban design. The book unpacks the intricate world that unfolds from this thought, while arguing that taste is a missing key in current spatial practice discourse. Successful POPS are often presented as desirable additions to urban redevelopment projects in cities across the world. This perception often overshadows, and sometimes dismisses, some of the more damaging impacts that the establishment of POPS has on the social tissue of specific localities and social groups, and more generally on the socio-political dynamics of cities. Within the fields of architecture and urban design, high regard for specific urban regeneration projects with POPS at their heart tends to ignore their inherently divisive social impact. This, in turn, strengthens an often-legitimised belief that analysing, questioning and re-aligning such impact falls outside the realm of these professions. This book explores how successful POPS are sustained through, among other maintenance practices, carefully managed aesthetic codes, largely dependent on showcasing the aesthetic value of highly controlled programmes of use. This specific practice turns POPS into revealing sites when it comes to exploring taste in the context of spatial practice. Why don't we talk about taste in socially engaged practice today? Does a focus on aesthetics pose an ethical dilemma between superficiality and depth for practitioners in the face of persistent social inequity?

This companion provides an overview of a rich field of scholarship and practice, covering key debates around the purpose and value of comparison as a way of generating knowledge and theory. It features examples of comparative studies which explore contemporary issues in planning for sustainable urban and territorial development.

Across seven parts, the book explores questions of 'why' engage in international comparative planning research; 'what' planning aspects might be compared; and 'how' comparison might be approached. Through compelling cases of contemporary comparative research on diverse planning topics, including planning systems and governance, planning instruments and law, urban morphology, planning for risk, perspectives on informality, comparative pedagogy, and more, readers will gain a wide appreciation of comparative studies and the current state of the field. The book comprises 37 chapters by 61 contributors from around the world, offering their vital insights into the vibrant and evolving scholarship.

The companion will be of interest to educators, academics and researchers, planning practitioners, city and municipal governments, consultants, and advanced students in the fields of city, urban, and regional planning, urban design, human geography, and urban, environmental, and international development studies, interested in comparing and co-learning from global practices and places.

This book examines the concept of quality from a social perspective. Using the example of public spaces, it demonstrates the analytical and practical benefits that can be gained from an experience-based approach to defining quality.

Sociology and related social sciences have rarely explored the quality of spaces, despite qualities being social products. This has led to a clear research gap in understanding spatial quality within social theory. Addressing this gap, this book examines public space quality through a cultural-spatial lens, accounting for the complexity of polycontexturalization, which implies the increasing entanglement of social actions in multiple contexts and spatialities, as well as the materiality of spatial arrangements. Moreover, it introduces the sociologically useful distinction between Erfahrung (reflective experience) and Erlebnis (lived experience) into the analysis of spatial quality. The book's concept is based on the idea that social experience comprises multiple logics. It is shown that the quality of public space is driven by three distinct logics: The logic of expression, evident in individuals' drive for social integration; the logic of strategy, viewing public space as a competitive arena; and finally, the logic of subjectivation, which examines how spaces shape subjectivities and are subject to refiguration.

The book targets both researchers and students in sociology, anthropology, political science, architecture, and urban planning. It also serves as a practical toolbox for professionals in architecture and planning focused on creating more socially acceptable public spaces.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.