文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

How do we go about creating a socially just world where we can coexist equitably? What is it like to be cognizant of human-nature family? What are the forces that compromise our humanity? Ethics of Coexistence sheds light on these questions through the activist pedagogy of ethno-photography, brought to light by female research participants in Afghanistan, India, Kenya, and Canada.

Making a case for interrelatedness and conviviality, this book foregrounds stories that have yet to be heard. Evoking a multivocality of responses, ethno-photography opens spaces for the co-construction of knowledge that does not reach a point of closure. It gently prompts us to identify spaces of intervention where we are not mere onlookers but active participants working towards transformative change; what affects "them" impacts "our" lives too.

At a time when our world is entangled in a multifaceted crisis, Ethics of Coexistence maps a pathway for a socially just world by means of civic consciousness.

On Dismantling Settler Colonialism challenges conventional approaches to reconciliation, urging Canadians to move away from the notion of assimilation - where Indigenous peoples are expected to conform to the values and structures of settler colonial society. Instead, this book advocates for a true reconciliation: one that fosters the creation of political, economic, social, and cultural spaces where Indigenous nations can self-govern, restore their traditional lands, and live in harmony with the earth according to their own values and beliefs.

Through deeply personal reflections on over five decades of activism in the communities of the Dene Nation, Grassy Narrows First Nation, Temagami First Nation and the Innu Nation of Labrador, John A. Olthuis shares his powerful journey of working to dismantle settler colonialism. He brings to light the many neglected blueprints for true reconciliation, including discussions of over 700 recommendations for systemic change put forth by the Penner Report, The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. This book offers a powerful exploration of how the challenging work of dismantling settler colonialism can be a transformative and deeply healing process for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples alike.

This book presents a fascinating study of the religion of minority groups living in rural areas in Yunnan province in the early twenty-first century and how they use religious rituals to show their own nationality and spiritual culture. By exploring these minority groups, e.g., the Dai, Bulang, and De'ang, the book makes a major contribution to our understanding of the relationship between religion and social functions and of the ways in which globalization and modernity are experienced at the most personal level. It provides valuable insights into how minority people negotiate sacred /secular demands and requirements, how they experience a sense of satisfaction and comfort in Buddhist temples, and how that experience shapes their sense of identity, worldview, values, and relations with others.

In closing, the book gives a voice to the experiences of Buddhists, who are one of the most important-and yet least visible-signs of religion freedom in China's reform processes. It offers a unique guide for all readers, who are interesting in oriental studies, and an ideal reference book for Anthropology and Buddhism courses at colleges and universities.

Anthropology and AI explores the complex intersection of artificial intelligence and human society through a diverse collection of anthropological and social scientific perspectives.

Artificial intelligence is rapidly accelerating and permeating the everyday lives of people around the world in ways that are full of promise, perils, and potentials. How does anthropology respond to this? This timely volume brings together twelve carefully curated chapters examining AI's many manifestations-from machine listening and engineers' philosophies to large language models and conversational agents. Curated with a broad humanistic and social scientific audience in mind but firmly rooted within broader anthropological and STS conversations about humanity and technology, the contributions are situated on a broad spectrum of approaches to artificial intelligence, spanning theoretical, empirical, and applied social scientific research.

Anthropology and AI will appeal to students and researchers across anthropology, science and technology studies, digital humanities, and computer science who are interested in critical perspectives on emerging technologies.

The Archaeological Challenge of Gender asks, what do we know about the relations between men and women in past societies, and on what basis is this knowledge built? Although sources of data are meagre and often indirect, this book plays particular attention to exploring gender relations in a way that acknowledges its complexity.

Contributors show how difficult questions on gender relationships in past societies are, avoiding preconceived ideas and naive reasoning. The book starts with a grounding introduction that takes readers through questions such as: what is gender archaeology? What are its objectives and methods, but also its shortcomings and dead ends? How can social anthropology contribute to our knowledge of the gender relations of disappeared societies? In what way have these real or, more often, supposed gender relations been put at the service of a discourse on the present society? Chapters then tackle specific themes using case studies from around the globe that highlight common issues, controversy and methodological problems.

Taking a critical approach and addressing the way knowledge is constructed in this field, this book is for students and researchers in Archaeology, Anthropology and Gender Studies.

This book looks at deep-seated elements of racism in Indigenous-settler relations through detailed analyses of the October 2023 Voice to Parliament referendum in Australia and its outcome---and discusses what might come next. The Voice to Parliament referendum proposed a constitutional amendment to create an Indigenous advisory body in the Australian Parliament. The referendum met with a resounding defeat. Against this background, the book analyses survey results during the referendum that asked direct questions about attitudes towards Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, as well as about policies and issues important to many Indigenous peoples. It situates Australia's experience in this election with other research on attitudes towards Indigenous peoples, rights, and policy issues. The book also interrogates another major survey in the lead-up to the referendum, questioning those findings in relation to racism. It looks at possible learnings for the social sciences about Indigenous politics and examines the ways in which Australian settler nationalism created obstacles to the referendum's success and considers the limits of deliberation for Indigenous political claims.

This volume presents an overview of the diversity - or lack thereof - in visual representations of the European past that are found in archaeology, museums, and media. While publications discussing gender stereotypes in European archaeological media exist, other identities remain underrepresented - namely, Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC), those with visible and invisible disabilities, and very young and very old. This volume offers insight into these gaps in European media and archaeology, while also providing alternative explanations for interpreting these often-stereotyped identities and methodologies for inclusion.

The chapters within this volume are divided into four themes.Themes cover the development of images of the past and discusses how images are chosen in museums. The book identifies who is missing in images of the past, with topics on representing individuals with disabilities/children in museums, the Other in Roman art, and Scythians in museums and books and critiques approaches to representation and diversity in media, such as in textbooks, popular media, and children's books. Finally, the book challenges the lack of diversity and a proliferation of stereotypes in images of the past and asks, how do we improve on them and create new ones. Overall, this book addresses the need for diversity in images, both within academic archaeology and with the broader public.

Balkan Vampires examines how vampire motifs from Balkan folklore have permeated modern sociocultural and political realms, exploring their role in rural traditions and transformation under global influences. The book builds on extensive fieldwork conducted in village communities across Serbia, the cradle of vampire lore, where the author has been able to record numerous stories, memories, and testimonies of residents. The research reveals the vampire not merely as a mythical figure but as a potent symbol in cultural and political discourse. The chapters demonstrate that vampire narratives are not just remnants of traditional rural beliefs but are actively engaged in shaping contemporary cultural and social identities. The author analyzes the persistence and adaptability of vampire motifs, demonstrating their relevance in expressing community fears, challenging societal norms, and navigating the tensions between local traditions and global influences. Drawing on a wealth of ethnographic material, the book will be of interest to scholars of anthropology, cultural studies, folklore, demonology, history, and beyond.

This book delineates tribal knowledge systems and emphasizes their multidisciplinary nature. It describes their different components such as the science behind tribal art and architecture, medicinal and healing systems, agricultural and nutritional aspects, and ways of human-nature coherence. It highlights the importance of preservation and promotion of these knowledge systems to create a sustainable world.

The book explains the structure and functions of tribal knowledge systems that have the potential to create a balance between nature and development. It describes the various approaches to traditional lifestyles and the conversion of those approaches into modern science and technology-based theories. It also outlines the policy framework developed by the government and the suite of legal instruments for preserving and promoting these knowledge systems in more scientific and applicable ways.

This book will be useful to the students, researchers, and academicians working on tribal studies, indigenous knowledge systems, anthropology, sociology, tribal studies, development studies, cultural studies, and human/cultural and social geography.

Hunting and Extinctions in Southwest Asia and North America: The Silent Testimony of Communal Game Traps explores communal game traps for harvesting ungulate herds in two continents, utilizing a comparative approach addressing settings, species, and the hunters' societies.

The kites of Southwest Asia have been known to archaeologists for almost one hundred years but with the advent of high-resolution satellite images, thousands of sites have been found. Using the rich data from the Southwest and Central Asia and North America, this book addresses some of the important questions that arise concerning the social, economic and environmental implications of ancient and recent use of large game traps. This book has four major parts. The first introduces the book and reviews the evolution of human hunting. The second part presents examples of desert kites from various areas of Southwest and Central Asia. Detailed case studies are included that use a variety of evidence such as aerial surveys, field surveys, excavations, eye witnesses accounts, and petroglyph depictions. Environmental and geographical settings of the isolated traps, the clusters of traps, and the long chains are explored to provide conceptual models regarding past herd behavior and their seasonal migrations. The third part presents examples of communal game traps in various regions in North America, addressing the same issues discussed in the second part. The fourth part provides a comparative study of game traps in North America with the kites of Southwest Asia, focusing on the settings, species, and social organization of the hunters.

With the research on communal game traps increasing rapidly, this book provides the first inclusive synthesis on the subject and is for archaeologists, anthropologists, zoologists, ecologists, and environmentalists who are interested in past interactions between humans and their environments, and the impact of past human communities on the landscape and on target game populations, as well as the consequences that are still relevant today.

Museum Temporalities analyzes how museums relate to time. It explores the hidden temporal assumptions and practices that define museums. How might these assumptions help us to better understand and address museums' often problematic and painful relationship to the colonial past? Since the nineteenth century, the globalization of the museum has spread specific understandings of permanence and temporariness that inform museum display, separated the modern from the traditional, and promoted preservation and development in ways that tacitly assume a North Atlantic cultural outlook as the end point of history and the standard that determines a hierarchy of science, art, technology, craft, and natural history. Questioning linear and epochal genealogies that assume Enlightenment surveys of the classifiable universe as the origin of the museum, Modest and Pels present evidence that global exhibitionary complexes will fail to sufficiently address questions of decolonization and restitution if they do not make room for the ethnographic museum as a principal site where suggestions for the future of all museums can be generated. They show that any attempt to address the problematic and painful relationship that museums have to colonial pasts requires them to reorient their relationship to time. The chapters in this volume assembles building blocks for a theory and practice of museums that no longer assumes the need for identities, objects, and collections to be permanent; for the museum to be the end point of knowledge; and for "art" or "science" to be the universal measure to which other forms of cultural production can only aspire. This pathbreaking collection centralizes and develops current concerns in critical museology and is valuable reading for scholars and students

Practicing Digital Ethnography offers a comprehensive introduction to the essential methods, concepts, and practices of conducting ethnographic research in digital environments.

Written by 60 global contributors across 12 chapters with accompanying case studies and concept explorations, this book provides both theoretical foundations and practical guidance for digital ethnographic work. It covers research approaches for diverse digital contexts, including social media, virtual spaces, video games, and hybrid physical-technological settings, while addressing the deployment of tools like artificial intelligence, big data, mapping technologies, and multimodal methodologies. This book examines ethical challenges specific to digital research environments while maintaining a commitment to reflexive, co-present research that acknowledges how our interactions with digital technologies transcend boundaries of citizenship, race, gender identity, age and ability.

Practicing Digital Ethnography is ideal for students and researchers in anthropology, media studies, science and technology studies, and communications who seek to understand contemporary hyper-mediated environments, as well as professionals outside academia who need practical, accessible guidance for conducting rigorous digital research.

This book asks what it means to decolonize museums in theory and practice. It explores recent calls by activists and artists for social change in and through museums and how museums have responded to these calls and interventions.

The point of departure for this volume is the burgeoning global debates around racism that have compelled many museums and public institutions to confront their complicity in colonialism, both past and present. Building on interviews with curators, cultural practitioners, activists, and artists, as well as the authors' ongoing involvement with movements aimed at decolonizing museums, this volume explores how anti-racist activism and artivism have transformed museums, as well as the broader social and political significance of these transformations. The book focuses on the practices, approaches, and strategies that are being adopted in efforts to decolonize museums and cultural institutions, where they succeed and fail, and the similarities and differences between these initiatives. It discusses specific exhibitions and whether they represent colonialism as a past phenomenon or as enduring racial logics forcefully shaping the present. It analyzes both mainstream European museums and grassroots, museum-like initiatives that aim to reckon with colonialism and race in different contexts. Core to the argument is the issue of how memory, heritage, and museum studies, the disciplines that explore, explain, and staff museums, have engaged or not with race.

Decolonizing the Museum will be valuable for those studying or researching in the fields of museum studies, heritage, memory and art studies, decolonial theory, postcolonialism, race and racism, and cultural politics. Providing an important window into the political role of curators and the politics of race in transforming museums, it will also be beneficial to museum practitioners and activists and artists with a stake in these institutions.

This book privileges Indigenous ways of knowing, being and doing in research and serves as a voice in taking on some of the more marginal topics within methodologies. It is significant in that it is written by indigenous scholars themselves. The contributors shed light, for example, on Queer BlaQ bodies and place Indigenous women as central in reimagining fair academic practice; others return to their foundational texts to reflect on the growth of Indigenous Standpoint Theory. This book sees Indigenous Peoples as holding greater significance within research objectives and institutional practices and reimagines a research world embracing storytelling as foundational to academia. It is intended for students and early researchers, particularly Indigenous researchers, whilst also serving as an invaluable textbook for non-Indigenous people as it aids in explaining and outlining Indigenous research and is a valuable tool in the classroom and with research students. It demonstrates that Indigenous research approaches can sit beside and be equal to Western research, especially when engaging with the ethics process and for PhD students. This book is invaluable for non-Indigenous allies and researchers globally to further explain and outline Aboriginal (Australian) Indigenous research.

Itinerant Potters in the Andes: The Swallow Model of Ceramic Production presents a new interpretative approach to pottery production and distribution. Based on extensive fieldwork data from the northern Peruvian Andes, it explores the swallow potters, itinerant artisans who seasonally leave their hometowns to produce ceramic pots in destination towns, both near and far.

These itinerant artisans have been recorded ethnographically in the Peruvian territory since the late nineteenth century. However, archaeologists and art historians tend to ignore them in their explanations of Andean material culture, insisting on a static image of the past. Moreover, nearly all of the general interpretative concepts and models of the precolonial Andean world are based on decorated ceramics and on a model of a potter who stays put and works in their hometown. This book argues that comprehensive explanations of Andean history must incorporate undecorated pottery and must consider various types of potters. This novel perspective uses the swallows to propose a more dynamic reading of Andean ceramic evidence, in which these potters are understood as part of broader inter-communal Andean migration patterns that have persisted since precolonial times.

This book will be of great interest to researchers in Andean Archaeology and Ethnography as well as pottery specialists from around the world.

This book is an ethnography of the important cultural characteristics, local myths, and legends in Shawo Town, a subordinate to Dongming County in Shandong Province. Based on the author's fieldwork in this unique region of the Yellow River area, this book examines the local people's daily practice and religious beliefs in the dominant symbol "Qi." In local society, Qi has three levels of structural characteristics and significance. First, it is a material entity which exists in people's living world as three different forms of existence: Qi of Heaven, Qi of Earth, and Qi of Humans. Second, in a material sense, Qi has individual cultural significance and collective action social significance: QiXing, YunQi, QiShu, and so on, can concisely express this meaning. Thirdly, Qi has the most important symbolic meaning in its special form of Shen (god or goddess) and ancestors. This meaning can represent local society's basic clan organization and can also include the traditional construction of local identity and local political power, as well as the performance of fairness and justice, and good and evil. The concept of Qi plays a crucial role in the construction of local people's universe view, and through the holism of Qi, much can be understood about the daily lives, religious beliefs, and societal connections of the local people.

The anthology also includes contributions from prominent scholars such as Glen Coulthard, Dara Culhane, Michael Fabris, Sarah Hunt, and Heather Dorries. Five complementary essays explore various aspects of structural change, institutional constraints, and broader commitments to Indigenous knowledge within university settings. Aimed at readers in Indigenous law, environmental studies, anthropology, and geography, The RAVEN Essays is a book created by students for students, and by academics for the academy.

Together, the contributors reflect on the powerful formation and enactment of Indigenous law, environmental stewardship, place-based knowledge, pedagogy, and literacy - both within the academy and in the broader community, across land, water, and culture.

Eating Culture chews over the continuities and changes in human food consumption, from hunter-gathering to ultra-processed foods, to digest the ramifications for people's identity-work, health, and long-term cultural distinction.

The new edition uses the concept of cuisine to trace humanity's relationship with food, thematically explored through health, sociality, and identity. It evaluates dietary change, decent meals, and food commodification, alongside threats to security and health. Drawing on ethnographic examples, dietary transitions are situated in changing political, economic, and social circumstances, presenting a critical approach necessary to explore our current global food system. Chapters on cooking, recipes, and eating-in and out offer relatable examples, underlining the significance of everyday life and incorporating an ethnographic approach that extends into practical exercises aligned with each chapter's themes, to highlight the relevancy of our own experiences. Vividly illustrated, the book explores dishes from various global cuisines, offering insights into people's culinary traditions and enriching our understanding and appreciation of food as a fundamental aspect of culture in our daily lives. Ultimately, Eating Culture presents a critical examination of how deeply food is entwined with our identity.

This handbook provides fresh insights into the debates and challenges that unfold in the cross-disciplinary field of architecture and anthropology. Based on studies of empirical contexts across the globe, the authors launch and test a broad variety of methods and advance various theoretical concepts.

Architecture and anthropology have always had overlapping interests, but a range of developments in both areas make it more relevant than ever to intersect, overlap, combine or even merge the two disciplines. In anthropology, the spatial, material, and nonhuman turns have paved the way for an increasing interest in, and need for, of changing the world, rather than just studying it. On the other hand, architecture, beyond designing structures, has become interested in the uses and processes that unfold in, during, and after construction. The contemporary research and practices in both disciplines are testimonies that a cross-disciplinary exchange is inspiring for engaging with, and responding to, the challenges of a world in ecological, societal, and political turmoil.

This handbook addresses established scholars, students, and practitioners alike by outlining contemporary developments and tensions at the intersection of architecture and anthropology.

A personal, provocative, and boundary-breaking volume on the power relations that racialized, gendered, and sexualized researchers grapple with while conducting activist research.

Fugitive Anthropology is a transnational, intergenerational engagement that extends feminist theory, activist research methodologies, and the discipline of anthropology in new directions. Contributors examine the tensions that arise from conducting politically engaged, collaborative research alongside communities in struggle, in particular theorizing from the experiences of racialized women, queer, trans, and gender nonconforming researchers across distinct geographies. Essays contend with the matrices of colonial, imperial, and patriarchal violence that afflict the researchers and communities with which they seek political alignment.

Articulating an ethnographic practice grounded in Black and Indigenous political struggles and committed to collective liberation, the volume reflects on what it means to navigate violent relations of power, systemic inequities, and current onslaughts shaping field research and US academia. Ultimately, Fugitive Anthropology argues that a feminist ethos-one that embraces embodied knowledges and fugitive sensibilities-forges liberatory spaces that break from dominant masculinist frames of the "political" and challenge colonial regimes within and beyond the neoliberal university.

Ghost Dances in Ivory Towers reflects an ethnographic journey shaped by ancestral strength, resilience, and reverence. It is not merely academic-it is ceremonial: a remembering, a return, and a song to generations yet to come.

This is a project of Indigenous empowerment and ancestral reclamation, offering a constellation of guiding principles rooted in Choctaw ways of knowing. Ghost Dances in Ivory Towers moves beyond critique; it becomes ceremony-disrupting colonial frameworks of academia and reimagining higher education as a place of relational accountability, healing, and reciprocity. By centering Indigenous voices, it challenges the foundations of institutional knowledge production and invites a return to wisdom that lives in land, lineage, and spirit. The title itself is both metaphor and invocation-a tribute to the Ghost Dance, a sacred act of resistance and cultural resurgence. Through story, scholarship, and spiritual insight, this work becomes a pathway-guiding policy, pedagogy, philosophy, and practice toward life-affirming futures.

Speaking across generations, this scholarly work is crafted for Indigenous families and future ancestors, for students and scholars, policymakers and poets, chiefs and community leaders. Grounded in autoethnographic and narrative methodologies, it offers a breathtaking journey-where Indigenous wisdom reshapes the academy, society, and the stories we choose to honor.