文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

The volume examines the question of which specifically educational techniques are required in view of the increasing establishment and professionalization of pedagogical fields of work. In this context, an attempt is made to clarify what pedagogical and didactic preparation must take place for an increasingly technically oriented world. In addition, the everyday techniques of self-care are analyzed. And finally, pedagogical anthropology is also concerned with the question of who is the subject and object of technology.

A new paradigm that integrates human and nonhuman communication and culture

Are language and culture uniquely human, justifying an exceptionalism that sets people apart from the rest of nature? New discoveries in the biological sciences have challenged this assumption, finding syntax, symbolism and social learning beyond the human, and identifying culture as a second inheritance system across the phyla from whales to insects and plants. Biologists are constrained, however, by the mechanistic ways communication is understood. In Naturekind, Melissa Leach and James Fairhead address this impasse by extending insights from structural linguistics, social semiotics, anthropology and Indigenous theorization into wider life, integrating them with new biological findings to develop a new structural biosemiotics paradigm.

Leach and Fairhead argue that such a paradigm can provide a unified theory of meaning-making across all of nature, or "naturekind," allowing new theorisation about human and nonhuman communication and culture. They examine people's communicative encounters with chickens, horses, bees, bats and plants, and with assemblages of living and nonliving entities-forests, seas, soils and cities. Marrying the new biology with the structural social sciences, they contend, provides powerful insights for living well with wider life on a shared planet and transforming political relations.

This volume provides a timely analysis of the emerging phenomenon of autonomous technology, a topic of intense contemporary importance given the transformative potential and risks posed by rapidly developing AI systems. It utilizes a unique approach by focusing on the ways that these technologies can be understood via the lens of animism and 'techno-animism,' a term that denotes how society and individual users are attributing life-like properties - agency, intention, and will - to technological systems. The volume further interrogates and critiques the ways that autonomous technologies are often intentionally designed to promote socioemotional connections with users. The volume investigates such technologies through a variety of global settings and interdisciplinary lenses. With contributions from scholars across anthropology, sociology, communication studies, law, and design theory, it offers a range of perspectives on how autonomous technologies are reshaping cultural and social institutions worldwide. Furthermore, this collection addresses the urgent need for concrete research on the readiness of legal and social frameworks to incorporate autonomous technologies. With the imminent widespread integration of autonomous technologies into our everyday lives, the volume provides a critical examination of human-technology interaction and its immediate implications, guiding readers through the intricate web of digital interconnectedness that is on course to define the future of humanity.

Entries examine classic and modern perspectives in philosophical anthropology, and analyse themes such as the human capacity for meaning-making and how it is impacted by modernity, the dynamics of socio-political transformations and how varying perceptions of human nature have shaped political theory and practice. The Encyclopedia provides thought-provoking insight into the anthropological foundations of contemporary political and cultural phenomena, drawing from work in a wide range of connected fields including comparative historical sociology, classical philosophical anthropology, mythology, art history and beyond.

Students and academics in political science and public policy, sociology, anthropology, philosophy and historiography will greatly benefit from this Encyclopedia's comprehensive overview of political anthropology. It is also a valuable reference tool for political practitioners.

Key Features:

• Over 130 entries written by leading international scholars
• Demonstrates how hyper-modern society systematically disconnects humanity from many aspects of reality
• Considers anthropology in a broad, multidisciplinary sense, tracing the meaning back to the Enlightenment and classical times
• Incorporates relevant perspectives from classical philosophical anthropology, archaeology, comparative historical sociology, mythology, and civilisational analysis

Why does the world need anthropology and anthropologists more than ever? The second edition of Why the World Needs Anthropologists brings together prominent academic, practicing, and applied anthropologists to answer this provocative question.

This new edition advocates a proactive and ethically engaged discipline that not only observes societal transformations but also contributes to solving the most pressing global issues. It proposes that anthropology must be at the front and center of the solving table. In an accessible and appealing style, each author explores anthropology's social value and practical applications. Contributors share their career paths and how they use their anthropological skills and knowledge outside academia. They also provide specific suggestions to anthropologists and the public on how anthropology can offer powerful insights and solutions in complex and unpredictable times. Each chapter includes a list of recommendations - DOs and DON'Ts - from the authors. With such practical resources, this book is a toolkit to harness anthropology's full potential.

This one-of-a-kind volume is essential reading for fledgling and established anthropologists, social scientists, and the general public.

This book explores the multispecies triad of cattle ranching, focusing on how humans, horses, and cattle meet, interact, and shape a common multispecies culture. Based on a year of horseback ethnography in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, it provides a detailed account of the everyday lives of cowboys, cowboying women, and ranchers as well as of horses and cattle. It highlights the different ways that humans, horses, and cattle come together on working ranches and in settings such as rodeos and tourist operations inspired by the American West. By focusing, empirically and conceptually, on the multispecies triad, the author moves beyond binary human-animal approaches and develops the idea of multispecies intersectionality. In particular, this brings a gender perspective to the kinds of interactions that the various seasons in the Rockies require. Furthermore, the author discusses the possibilities of a multispecies concept of power by engaging empirically, conceptually, and methodologically the "energy bubbles" with which humans, horses, and cattle communicate with and move each other. The chapters also feature examples of artful methods such as ethnographic poetry including rhyming field notes as well as field drawings and analytical drawings. With this, the book showcases the use of sensory data collection and creative and artful methodologies that allow for the capture of what lies beyond human language in multispecies interactions.

Provides an encompassing overview of migration routes and dispersal of human populations around the world

World on the Move brings together the current state of knowledge about migration and displacement in a single, easily accessible volume. Written as a companion to "World on the Move: 250,000 Years of Human Migration," a traveling exhibition developed by the American Anthropological Association and the Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, this thought-provoking book helps us reframe the ways we think and talk about migration.

World on the Move opens by describing the basic patterns and processes of migration and discussing the evidence used to measure migration, displacement, and their impacts. Subsequent chapters trace major population movements through human history, review the different reasons that propel the movement of human populations, and illustrate the many ways that migration affects us all. The final section focuses on international and national policies on immigration and displacement, including perspectives on birthright citizenship, migrant mothers and their children, and migration driven by climate change.

Drawing on a wealth of case studies of diverse cultures from across human history, World on the Move:

• Employs the "Crossroads" concept, an innovative narrative device that reveals connections between peoples, cultures, and moments when crucial decisions are made
• Discusses ways research on migration and displacement have been used to support public policy
• Highlights the roles of ever-evolving genetic, archaeological, and linguistic evidence in reshaping understanding of human population movements
• Explains basic terms, patterns, and processes of migration and displacement, as well as various evaluation and interpretation methods
• Addresses timely and complex issues such as enslavement and trafficking, border walls, immigration policy, and climate change

Presenting the latest scholarship on the peopling of the continents, World on the Move: 250,000 Years of Human Migration is an excellent textbook for undergraduate courses in anthropology, sociology, political science, cultural geography, and immigration studies, particularly those exploring migration, displacement, diaspora, and immigration policy.

The Routledge Handbook of Food and Cultural Heritage explores the many varied intersections of food and cultural heritage from a robust, transdisciplinary perspective.

Innovative in its approach, this cutting-edge Handbook thinks beyond traditional boundaries to present unique perspectives on the myriad ways in which food and cultural heritage are entangled in theory and practice. Both are growing industries; both are deeply rooted in families, cultures, and societies; both generate controversy and are deployed for political and economic activism. They also both have intellectual lives of their own, and are centers of interdisciplinary fields themselves-yet they also intersect in interesting and, until this book, under-theorized ways. After a comprehensive introduction that presents and challenges the state-of-the-art in the disciplines of critical food and critical heritage studies, the Handbook's chapters are divided into six themes common to both fields: Ontologies and epistemologies of food and cultural heritage; material culture; identity, placemaking and belonging; politics and regulation; tourism development and heritage management; and contemporary issues and emerging approaches. To give representation of voices not usually heard in the scholarly tradition, special interviews with food-and-heritage practitioners complement the comprehensive chapters, adding further depth to the volume through their own lived experiences.

With contributions from nearly 50 internationally recognized scholars, social scientists, dieticians, practitioners, and activists, this book is essential reading to scholars, students, researchers, industry professionals, and practitioners looking to understand the complex and compelling ways in which food, foodways, and cultural heritage overlap and impact each other, providing venues for collaborations.

This book explores what it takes to create a sense of home while in exile, drawing on ethnographic research conducted in German asylum reception facilities from 2016-2020. From a material culture perspective, it examines how asylum seekers and migrants with precarious legal status 'translate' aspects of home into challenging environments. Through these translations-processual shifts of objects, habits, and ideas across borders-migrants work to reassemble a sense of belonging. The book delves into the material, social, and individual efforts involved in this homing process, while highlighting the ongoing impact of dispossession and loss. By focusing on personal attachments to objects and the broader context of migration, this work offers a unique perspective on forced migration, home cultures, and the quest for ontological security. The book will be of interest to scholars, researchers, and students in disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, and human geography as well as other research interested in ethnographic perspectives on the respective topics.

This book is based on the author's work concerning the academic mission of anthropology, the discipline's way of reasoning and how it reflects on the global system. The content is divided into four parts: "Disciplinary Construction and Academic Self-Consciousness," "Self-Portrait of Society and Culture," "Applied Anthropology and the Confusion of Development," and "Globalization and Local Society."

Adopting a broad and far-reaching perspective, the book effectively identifies the academic tradition of anthropology and its development in the present time between text, context and field. In particular, the author emphasizes the academic idea of combining ethnographic and regional studies in anthropology and elevates it to the cross-border regional social system in order to consider the development of modern society, such as cross-border, globalization, Silk Road and other hot academic topics. As such, the book is a concrete expression of anthropological academic self-awareness and reflects the author's unique perspective on academic innovation. This book actively contributes to the further development of Chinese anthropology in the context of globalization.

This text introduces undergraduate and graduate students in health or environment-related classes to the mounting crisis of syndemics through the lens of planetary health. The concept of syndemics, developed by the author and now in wide use across multiple health-related disciplines, focuses attention on the adverse synergistic interaction of two or more diseases or other health conditions promoted or facilitated by social and/or environmental conditions. The planetary health framework is an emerging holistic medical rethinking of our understanding of health. It seeks to identify the safe environmental limits within which humanity and other species can flourish on our increasingly imperiled planet. This book offers useful conceptual tools and frameworks for developing a comprehensive understanding of approaches needed to address the health risks of our changing world. The unique coverage of this book is its careful examination of ecosyndemics around the world in light of the growing recognition that on a heavily disrupted planet, a narrow focus on human health is inadequate. Under these circumstances, a comprehensive planetary health framework is needed. This approach seriously considers the interconnected nature of human health, animal and plant health, and the health of the world's ecosystems.

Highly descriptive, with numerous cases of the planetary health crisis, the textbook is written in a student-friendly and accessible way and is an important resource for coursework across environment and health-related subjects.

This book offers a close-up study of annual cycle rituals among the southern Tagbanwa of Palawan Island in the Philippines, with a particular focus on shamanic oratory and vocalized performance. Drawing on rich ethnography and extensive fieldwork, it reflects on the interconnectedness of humans, nature, and the spirit world. The chapters shed light on the role of female (babalyan) and male (manlalambay) protagonists and how people, including the deceased, relate to each other through vibrant natural and crafted motifs. The study transports readers into a world of shifting cultivators and invites us to delve into animist dialogue in vivo. Offering a valuable contribution to debates on new animism and perspectivism, Shamanic Crossovers in the Southern Philippines will be of particular interest to scholars of anthropology, religion, Southeast Asia, and Indigenous studies.

From fairy tales and fiction to Tiktok, the specter of the witch has cast a long shadow over women and popular culture. Witchcraft: Gendered Perspectives traces the history of and evolution of the term "witch" across six centuries.

Tracing the history of witchcraft from the publication of the Malleus Maleficarum to its contemporary representation and reclamation, this volume takes a gendered and intersectional approach to the cultural and historical shifts which have both demonized and democratized the witch online and in public discourse. Amongst these are:

• The witch trials in Scotland, England and America
• Literary and screen re-imaginings of the witch
• The rise of Wicca as an alternative religion.

Witchcraft: Gendered Perspectives is an invaluable resource for graduate and undergraduate students across gender studies, queer history, religious studies, media studies and European and North American history.

This book draws attention to the importance of theoretical problems in archaeological research in China. At present, Chinese archaeology has adoped the traditional culture-historical paradigm, with research themes has mainly focused on chronology and cultural relationships. The lack of training at theoretical thinking and scientific methods, such as positivist methods and logical reasoning, it has become difficult to reconstruct the processes of human behavior and social change with rigorous steps of looking at people behind the artifacts. As a response to this situation, this book discusses various problems that bother Chinese archaeologists in terms of the advances of archaeological theories and methods. This book emphasizes the importance for theoretical guidance and problem awareness in archaeological research, while illustrates this scientific philosophy with diversified case studies. The purpose of this volume is trying to summarize the history and practice of Chinese archaeology in the global context. It will greatly broaden the perspective of researchers all over the world with an insight into this particular practice and can also serve as a comprehensive reference work in the field of Chinese archaeology.