文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

This edited volume uses ethnographic cases to examine social, political, and economic inequality in diverse urban settings. This book is couched in the idea that ethnographically-based analysis helps to bring out the nature and interconnections between different forms of inequality and sheds light on the major forces that combine to create inequalities. Ethnography also helps to identify the dynamics that undergird the principle of freedom of thought and of action - a key principle, that is, of associated life in a democracy - and recognize empirically that these dynamics not only protects difference but increase it, for they underpin the freedom of the individual to use their talents to manage their lives and achieve their goals. This second volume in a two-part series focuses on housing and residential patterns, development and urban regeneration, and education. This book will be of interest to scholars and students in sociocultural anthropology, sociology, politics, socio-legal studies, urban change, education.

By including the work of Indigenous storytellers, poets, and scholars from around the globe, editor Lara Jacobs and chapter authors effectively explore the Indigenous value systems-relationships, reciprocity, and responsibility-that are fundamental to Indigenous Knowledge systems and cultures. Indigenous languages and positionality statements are featured for each of the contributors to frame their cultural and geographical background and to allow each Indigenous voice to lead discussions and contribute critical discourse to the literature on Indigenous Knowledges and value systems. By creating space for each of these individual voices, this volume challenges colonial extraction norms and highlights the importance of decolonial methods in understanding and protecting Indigenous Knowledges.

Indigenous Critical Reflections on Traditional Ecological Knowledge is an essential resource for students, academics, members of Tribal, state, and federal governments, Indigenous communities, and non-Indigenous allies as well as a valuable addition to environmental and Indigenous studies collections.

Contributors include: Melinda M. Adams, Joe Anderson, Coral Avery, Andrew Kalani Carlson, Kathryn Champagne, Brandie Makeba Cross, Joanna M. DeMeyer, Jonathan James Fisk, Pat Gonzales-Rogers, Celina Gray, Rhode Grayson, Zena Greenawald, Jennifer Grenz, Joy Harjo, Mandi Harris, Jessica Hernandez, Victor Hernandez, David Iniguez, Michelle M. Jacob, Lara A. Jacobs, Lydia L. Jennings, Eileen Jimenez, Stephanie Kelley, David Lewis, TomAs A. Madrigal, Tara McAllister, Kat Milligan McClellan, Lauren Wendelle Yowelunh McLester-Davis, Angeles Mendoza, Todd A. Mitchell sw?lItub, Don Motanic, 'Alohi Nakachi, Kaikea Nakachi, Kobe , Natachu, Jennifer R. O'Neal, Lily Painter, Britt Postoak, Leasi Vanessa Lee Raymond, Anamaq Margaret H. C. Rudolf, Ululani Kekahiliokalani Brigitte Russo, Oral Saulters, Sam Schimmel, Paulette Steeves, Joni Tobacco, Angelo Villagomez, Vivi Vold, Margaret Palaghicon Von Rotz, Luhui Whitebear, Joseph Gazing Wolf, Monique Wynecoop, and Cherry YEW Yamane.

A wide-ranging examination of the roots-and possible future-of violence in human societies

Is aggression inevitable among humans? In Regimes of Violence, John Protevi explores how human violence originates and exists in our societies. Taking humans as biocultural (that is, our social practices shape our bodies and minds), he shows how aggression does not arrive from any purely biological predisposition but rather occurs only in social regimes of violence that, by manipulating the ways in which culture can shape our biological inheritance of rage and aggression, condition the forms of violence able to be expressed at any one time.

Offering detailed insights into human aggression throughout history, Protevi's analysis ranges from evolutionary psychology to affective ideology and finally to an alternate politics of joy. He examines a wide range of seemingly disparate topics, such as cooperation between early nomadic foragers, organized sports, berserkers and blackout rages, the experiences of maroons escaping slavery, the January 6 invasion of the United States Capitol building, and responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. As he entwines the philosophical with the anthropological, he asks readers to consider why humans' capacity for cooperation and sharing is so persistently overlooked by stories that focus on aggression and warfare.

Regimes of Violence is an important contribution to studies of Deleuze and Guattari, uniquely combining cutting-edge investigations in psychology, history, evolutionary theory, cultural anthropology, and philosophy to examine the "political philosophy of the mind." Presenting to readers a refreshingly optimistic perspective, Protevi demonstrates that we are not doomed to war and argues that humans can build a world based on antifascism, joy, and mutual empowerment.

Defying the mafia with everyday acts of resistance

For more than 150 years, Italy has been home to a resilient and evolving resistance against the pervasive influence of mafias. While these criminal organizations are renowned for their vast international business enterprises, the collective actions taken to oppose them are less known. In Opposition by Imitation, Christina Jerne explores anti-mafia activism, revealing how ordinary people resist, counter, and prevent criminal economies from proliferating.

Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork among anti-mafia alliances in Campania, Sicily, and other parts of Italy, Jerne details a particular aspect of mafia activities: providing cash relief and other forms of patronage to individuals and groups. Her research shows how activism has evolved to imitate this sustaining role. Activists are increasingly challenging mafia control both by creating alternative economies-from producing food that interrupts mafia labor practices to organizing tourism that supports anti-mafia hospitality-and by subversively adopting business tactics similar to the mafia's to compete with their social influence and legitimacy. Exposing the political implications of this mimetic opposition, Jerne points to its potential impact on crime prevention and criminalization, both in Italy and globally.

Opposition by Imitation shows how these modern-day Robin Hoods are redefining collective action, taking what was controlled by the mafias and returning it to the collective. This contentious economic turn, against the backdrop of broader social movements, reveals significant political possibilities afforded by imitative opposition.

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The Strange Tools of Human Communication: The Voice, the Pen, and the Lyre is a thought-provoking exploration of the everyday tools of communication that weaves together history, art, and science to reveal how the voice, hand, and mind shape our shared experiences.

Through a blend of scholarly research, personal insights, and field experiences - from the oral tales of Sierra Leone's Limba storytellers to ancient cave art and modern iconography - this book offers fresh perspectives on how we connect across time and cultures. Challenging the idea that spoken language alone defines humanity, it emphasises the crucial role of hands, gestures, and artistic forms as the foundation of human communication. Readers are invited to consider the possibility of an ancestral, shared consciousness and the mysterious similarities in ancient art worldwide. Through vivid examples and personal insights, the book redefines communication as a blend of conscious expression and subconscious influence, inviting readers to consider the hidden connections that unite us across cultures and time, and to contemplate the future of communication.

The Strange Tools of Human Communication is an ideal supplement to upper level undergraduate and graduate courses in cultural anthropology, sociocultural linguistics, and cultural studies.

Weirding Civilization examines the irrational foundations of civilization, from the Bronze Age to the Anthropocene. Inspired by Twin Peaks and Lovecraftian horror, it reveals how weirdness - disorienting, monstrous, and ambivalent - has shaped human society since the rise of the first complex civilizations.

Taking 'weirding' as its conceptual lens, the book examines hallmarks of civilization such as urbanism, money, and writing, uncovering their layered and often non-rational nature. While the concept of weirding has gained traction across disciplines, from literature studies to climate science, this book applies it systematically to early civilizations for the first time. Weirdness emerges as ruptures in experienced reality, arising from the complex interplay between humans and non-humans. The book explores how civilization has unfolded in relation to hidden, invisible, and unknown dimensions of reality. Accessible and thought-provoking, it broadens conceptual horizons, offering fresh insights into the past and present while inviting readers to embrace that which resists categorization. With a primary focus on Europe and the Near East, it also addresses global questions of modernity, technology, and cultural imagination.

This book is essential for archaeologists, anthropologists, and historians studying complex societies as well as for readers fascinated by unconventional approaches to history and civilization. It appeals to anyone seeking to disrupt conventional understandings of humanity's development.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Human Societies: A Brief Introduction succinctly covers the basic concepts of cultural anthropology in a way that is relevant and engaging to the introductory student. Less time is spent on anthropological detail and more time on the relevance of anthropological understanding to the contemporary world.

The issues facing the contemporary Western world are also confronting the thousands of other societies. The book deals with topics such as the variety of sexualities, the thousands of religions, how people adapt to their environments, the ways people organize themselves, the multitude of foods and cuisines, adaptations to climate change, refugees and migrants, and the many different approaches to reproduction; all topics to which students should already be generally aware. Included are succinct chapters discussing personality; adaptation; social, political, and economic organization; food and diet; sex and gender; religion and ritual; and change and development. The book also includes short "Spotlight" boxes that enlighten the reader about specific topics of interest, as well as chapter summaries, exercises, key terms, and a comprehensive glossary.

Human Societies: A Brief Introduction is essential reading for undergraduate students taking their first steps into cultural and applied anthropology.

Ethnography: The Basics introduces a broad and beginner audience to ethnography as a research methodology with diverse applications. By using everyday language and developing a warm and inclusive tone, the book provides an accessible entry point to the topic.

It offers a picture of the practice of ethnography that is both human and humane, tackling some of the practical barriers, ethical complexities, and lived experiences in an honest and straightforward way. Organised into eight chapters, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the unique purpose, value, and scope of ethnography, as well as a practical guide as to what the practice of ethnographic research involves, such as steps for designing research, gathering data, and analysing and presenting findings.

Without relying on assumed familiarity with or interest in discipline-specific histories and frameworks, Ethnography: The Basics combines clear structure, plain language, and thoughtfully selected examples and stories to welcome students into this interesting and valuable subject. The book will also be of great interest to academics and professionals who wish to supplement their ethnographic knowledge.

Based on ethnographic research in England, Doubting Ghosts explores the paradoxes faced by paranormal investigators or "ghost hunters": in spite of spending significant time observing and documenting what they suspect to be paranormal phenomena-in a scientific, secular and rational fashion-many paranormal investigators remain skeptical about the existence of the paranormal. What, then, does it mean to regularly see ghosts and yet to not believe ghosts are real?

Examining the manner in which the scientific approach adopted by investigators produces profound doubts about the existence of the paranormal, the meaning of science, and the nature of modernity, the author demonstrates that doubt itself is central to experiences of secularity and that doubt can constitute a foundation for long-term engagements with the paranormal. Thus, paranormal investigators are able to sustain a relationship, albeit an uneasy one, with the paranormal while maintaining a commitment to a scientific, secular, and rational worldview.

A contribution to understandings of doubt, science, religion, and disenchantment, this book will appeal to scholars of sociology and anthropology.

Undoing Things explores all the ways in which things become undone, be they objects, bodies, places, or worlds.

Although archaeologists have long attended to the productive dimensions of materiality and material culture as a coherent phenomenon-making objects, building things, constructing identities-the discourse around undoing is more fragmented. Topics such as ruination, death, decay, demolition, and collapse are usually examined separately. Undoing Things asks what connections or continuities can be discerned in a diverse range of practices, both intentional and taphonomic, both destructive and healing. Is there a creative component to undoing? How visible are different processes of undoing? How is time implicated? Is undoing reversible? Who has the power to undo and when is undoing empowering? What does it take to undo knowledge? These and other questions are examined through archaeological studies ranging from classical Maya and colonial Caribbean examples to present-day Liberia, historical and ethnographic approaches to present-day Argentina, and the contemporary art world.

In the first quarter of the 21st century, human worlds have experienced a series of ruptures from climate-related disasters, political violence, and the Covid-19 pandemic. Undoing Things helps move us beyond a cloud of chaos with a deeper understanding of how and why things fall apart and is vital reading for archaeologists and those in related disciplines.

Heritage, Authority and Power - Understanding Theory Through Practice examines who holds power and authority in heritage, the connection with specialist knowledge and what the shifting nature of these attributes means for concepts of authenticity.

Drawing on interviews with practitioners working across the heritage sector, Wood explores why in some organisations staff feel disempowered, but in others they thrive. In exploring the worked experience of practitioners, a new model emerges for understanding the sector that recognises the differences between the activity of heritage and the work of professional practice. The model demonstrates that the sector is unknowingly operating with two different purposes, The activity of heritage, generated by and from, the collections of the past, is inventive, creative and entertaining, but operates for contemporary need and interest. The work of professional practice, meanwhile, although itself creative and supporting and enabling the work of heritage, is fundamentally concerned with long-term collection development, research and conservation. In recognising and embracing these differences, the function of specialist practice in relation to curatorship can be appreciated, but so too can the contribution of supporting specialisms, such as education, outreach, community engagement and design. The model presented within the book subsequently offers a more efficient and effective, forward-looking way to think about funding, organising and managing these two areas separately - but also in active partnership.

Heritage, Authority and Power is situated in the space between academia and practice and is useful for students, practitioners and for anyone interested, managing or working in heritage. It will be particularly relevant to academics and students engaged in the study of heritage, museums, tourism and visitor experience, and public history.

This book adopts a comprehensive approach, drawing from archaeology, physical anthropology, human genetics, linguistics, cultural anthropology, ethnology and ethnography, to explore the Austronesian link of 'Liangdao Man,' and the origins of Austronesian language groups. Due to their dating 2,300~1,500 years earlier than Austronesian-speaking peoples, these two individuals should be Pre-Austronesian or Proto-Austroasiatic. The Matsu archipelago is situated off Fuzhou City's estuary in Fujian Province. In 2011-2012, the author unearthed two human skeletons, 'Liangdao Man 1' and 'Liangdao Man 2,' aged 8,300 and 7,500 years, respectively, on Liangdao Island, one of these islands. DNA analysis revealed that haplogroups E and R9 were identified, linking them to Austronesians of Taiwan aborigines' maternal lineage.

Muddying the divide between land and water

This interdisciplinary collection delves into the experiences and meanings of life in environments where water levels and availability are in constant flux. Amphibious Anthropologies brings together a global set of case studies, from Italy's historic marshes to the tidal pools of the Bahamas, to show how living with unpredictable wetness has become crucial in the age of climate crisis. The book introduces "amphibious anthropologies" as a framework to challenge the dichotomy of water and land and interrogate spaces marked by rapid and profound environmental change. It brings to light the everyday creativity and uncertainty in wet environments like California's Salton Sea and India's North Bihar floodplain. Engaging with disciplines like anthropology, geography, and STS, this work offers a timely discourse on environmental change and resilience.

This book offers an exploration of collective action by bringing together the themes of sovereignty and solidarity in post-colonial societies in Africa and beyond. It does so against a common tradition of writing about collective action that assumes an opposition between the state as a legal framework of unity and social movements that express the aspirations of marginalized people. The book's examination of collective action resists this binary division. It states that sovereignty can be imagined beyond the confines of the law and consequently beyond the centrality of the state. Power therefore appears as a construct of forces and factors that signal or gesture to a complex but fascinating way of imagining collective action. These forces and factors open our eyes to the dynamics of life in post-colonial societies in ways that the understanding of sovereignty centred on law conceals. Brought into an intimacy with solidarity, sovereignty opens collective action to nuanced, complex and multiple configurations that surpass binary thinking. This is an innovative approach and of interest to students and scholars from across the social sciences.

This book aims to provide the first comprehensive, multi-year, systematic, quantitative assessment in the behavioral sciences of how well-being changes over time in a small-scale rural society of Indigenous People in the Global South.

Using data compiled by the Tsimane' Amazonian Panel Study (2002-010) that monitored change in Tsimane' communities, this book analyzes economic, social, and health changes in a farming and foraging society of native Amazonians in Bolivia. It uses multidisciplinary methods to follow the same individuals, households, and village through time and bring together three themes: well-eing, economic inequalities, and the fate of Indigenous People in small-cale rural societies of the Global South. It finds considerable material deprivation, high economic inequalities within Tsimane' society, and declining standards of living over time It ends by asking "Is this evidence that people adjust to anything or are these the costs Tsimane' pay to retain autonomy and follow a historical lifestyle?"

This book aims to provide a comprehensive approach to the measurement of well-being and how to track its changes, providing a platform for future generations to gauge long-term change. It will resonate with undergraduate and graduate students across the behavioral sciences, professional anthropologists who specialize in the Amazon or well-being, development economists, and senior researchers who are part of the wave of emerging interest in doing research in small-scale rural societies of the Global South.

Fair Trade Enclaves tells the story of exploitation and inequality in the production of Fair Trade bananas. It draws on immersive fieldwork in Costa Rica, which was the original testing ground for US-owned plantations and is today the world's third-largest exporter of bananas. The book offers an ethnographic study of Fair Trade's impact on the 'Dollar' banana system and considers how the growth in Fair Trade affects workers' livelihoods at the source of production. It documents the labour conditions and daily struggles of Costa Rican banana workers, featuring a comparative anthropological assessment of Fair Trade and conventional farms. The chapters provide a window onto Fair Trade's ability to effect change within one of the world's most exploitative and enduring commodity chains, exposing how Fair Trade currently fails to challenge the structural exploitation of banana production within the dollar system. The author reveals how, in some respects, workers at the conventional farm enjoy better conditions compared with those employed on the Fair Trade farm. The book is valuable reading for scholars of Anthropology, Development, and Latin American Studies.

Resisting Cultural Narrative Entrapment in Autoethnography delves into the nexus of cultural narratives and takes the reader on a journey through the intricate landscape of identity and cultural critique. Each chapter, enriched with dialogues with 'Ash,' our imaginary interlocutor, presents a profound exploration rooted in the philosophical fabric.

This book amplifies the discourse on ontological and epistemological reflections often overlooked in narrative autoethnography. Central to its narrative is the concept of cultural narrative entrapment, meticulously dissected to unveil its philosophical underpinnings. It focuses on probing inquiries, from the essence of resistance to cultural narrative entrapment to its pivotal role in shaping autoethnographic scholarship. Through meticulous textual 'archaeology' chapters unfold, excavating layers of literature to redefine cultural identity and narrative constructs, offering a meta-autoethnographic lens. The discourse evolves, addressing critiques and paradoxes, while inviting readers to engage with the complexities of perception, representation, and the paradoxes of emplotment. Culminating with an illuminating appendix summarising the author's extensive body of work, this book serves as a beacon for scholars and practitioners navigating the nuanced terrain of philosophical autoethnography.

This book transcends the boundaries of traditional scholarship, offering a compelling narrative that challenges conventions and ignites intellectual curiosity. It is an indispensable companion for those seeking to unravel the profound intersections of culture, identity, and philosophical inquiry.

What is the relationship between a writer's life, milieu, and thought? In this daring and intellectually expansive text, part memoir and part political philosophy, the anthropologist Rafael Sanchez explores the forces and events that shaped him and the nations through which he moved.
Reconocimientos is a book of both personal and political reckoning, from the thrillingly emancipatory possibilities of Venezuela's plazas to the political promise and disappointments of revolution. Written in the final year of his life, Reconocimientos moves from scenes of Sanchez's youth in Cuba to fieldwork on the cult of Maria Lionza in Venezuela to confront the terrifying and alluring forces of patriarchal privilege at the base of monumentalist authoritarianism.
Sanchez's intimate prose speaks with the urgency both of his own mortality and of the political crises of our moment. Amid the resurgence of patriarchy, hierarchy, and the valorization of inequality that have become pillars of populist movements in Latin America and beyond, Sanchez finds a residual radical possibility in 'horizontal' spaces, where the forces of mimesis permit manifold transformations.

This volume brings together specialists from a broad demographic and professional range - academics, museum curators, students, and content creators - to discuss case studies, challenges, and potential future avenues for public scholarship on the history, archaeology, and cultures of the ancient Mediterranean, North Africa and Western Asia.

Together, the contributions promote the creation of inclusive methods of knowledge mobilisation and communication in public spheres across three main areas: cultural heritage, pedagogy and public-facing scholarship. These areas have all been directly affected by Eurocentric structures that have claimed ownership of ancient Mediterranean cultural heritage and have dictated how it has been taught in schools and communicated to the broader public. The volume is divided into three sections - Museums, Teaching and Learning, and Global and Local Projects - each addressing pressing challenges faced within these interrelated fields and offering ways for us to overcome the exclusionary narratives that plague them.

Ancient Pasts for Modern Audiences provides an invaluable resource for those interested in public history, from academics to lay audiences, in the fields of Ancient Mediterranean, North African, and Western Asian Studies. The book also appeals to professionals and researchers whose interests lie in public-facing scholarship, pedagogy, digital humanities, decolonisation studies, museum studies and popular media.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.