Trousson, Raymond / Vercruysse, Jeroom (dir.), Dictionnaire general de Voltaire. (Champion classiques, references et dictionnaires 18) 1272 p. 2020:10 (Champion, FR) <670-9>
ISBN 978-2-38096-016-7 paper ¥7,064.- (税込) EUR 38.00

Fowler, James / Ganofsky, Marine (eds.), Enlightenment Virtue, 1680-1794. (Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment 2020:03) 296 pp. 2020:3 (Voltaire Foundation, UK) <669-26>
ISBN 978-1-78962-041-2 paper ¥21,367.- (税込) GB￡ 75.00 *

In a speech delivered in 1794, roughly one year after the execution of Louis XVI, Robespierre boldly declared Terror to be an 'emanation of virtue'. In adapting the concept of virtue to Republican ends, Robespierre was drawing on traditions associated with ancient Greece and Rome. But Republican tradition formed only one of many strands in debates concerning virtue in France and elsewhere in Europe, from 1680 to the Revolution. This collection focuses on moral-philosophical and classical-republican uses of 'virtue' in this period - one that is often associated with a 'crisis of the European mind'. It also considers in what ways debates concerning virtue involved gendered perspectives. The texts discussed are drawn from a range of genres, from plays and novels to treatises, memoirs, and libertine literature. They include texts by authors such as Diderot, Laclos, and Madame de Stael, plus other, lesser-known texts that broaden the volume's perspective. Collectively, the contributors to the volume highlight the central importance of virtue for an understanding of an era in which, as Daniel Brewer argues in the closing chapter, 'the political could not be thought outside its moral dimension, and morality could not be separated from inevitable political consequences'.

Gladstone, Clovis, Rousseau et le materialisme. (Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment 2020:08) 264 pp. 2020:8 (Voltaire Foundation, UK) <669-27>
ISBN 978-1-78962-202-7 paper ¥21,367.- (税込) GB￡ 75.00 *

Peu d'etudes se sont attardees sur la dimension materialiste de la pensee de J-J. Rousseau. si ce n'est que pour s'en tenir largement a l'analyse de Marcel Raymond qui voyait dans le philosophe genevois un continuateur de l'empirisme lockien. Or, l'oeuvre de Rousseau, en particulier dans sa forme autobiographique et theorique, s'appuie continuellement sur le materialisme ambiant de son epoque. La materialisme rousseauiste constitue meme la cle permettant d'eclairer la relation complexe que le citoyen de Geneve entretient avec ses contemporains philosophes, oscillant entre un attachement certain au passe et un regard profondement visionnaire sur l'homme et la societe. A travers "le materialisme du sage", cette formule tiree des Confessions qui illumine si bien sa pensee, Rousseau accommode tout le poids de la tradition - histoire, religion, politique - avec le renouveau philosophique des Lumieres. Le materialisme n'implique pas une fatalite; il est plutot un savoir qu'il entend exploiter afin de trouver un semblant de stabilite et de bien-etre au sein d'un monde sujet au perpetuel changement. Toute l'audace de sa pensee est d'avoir fait de la realite tragique du materialisme la condition de possibilite de toute liberte reelle, et du bonheur qu'il espere voir l'homme en tirer. ---Few studies have focused on the materialist dimension of J-J. Rousseau's thought, except to adhere largely to the analysis of Marcel Raymond, who saw in the Genevan philosopher a continuator of Lockian empiricism. However, Rousseau's work, particularly in its autobiographical and theoretical form, relies heavily on the ambient materialism of his time. This materialism in Rousseau is indeed key to understanding the complex relationship that the citizen of Geneva had with his contemporary philosophers, alternating between a marked attachment to the past and a deeply visionary view of man and society. Through "le materialisme du sage", an expression drawn from the Confessions which illuminates his thought so well, Rousseau accommodates the full weight of tradition - history, religion, politics - with the philosophical renewal of the Enlightenment. Materialism is not an inevitability, but constitutes a form of knowledge which he intends to harness in order to find a semblance of stability and well-being in a world subject to perpetual change. The boldness of his thought is to have made the tragic reality of materialism the very condition of true freedom, and of the happiness he hopes mankind can draw from it.

Jettot, Stephane / Zuniga, Jean-Paul (eds.), Genealogy and Social Status in the Enlightenment. (Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment 2021:08) 248 pp. 2021:8 (Voltaire Foundation, UK) <669-28>
ISBN 978-1-80034-856-1 paper ¥18,518.- (税込) GB￡ 65.00 *

Genealogy and Social Status in the Enlightenment is at the crossroads of the history of science and the social history of cultural practices, and suggests the need for a new approach on the significance of genealogies in the Age of Enlightenment. While their importance has been fully recognised and extensively studied in early modern Britain and in the Victorian period, the long eighteenth century has been too often presented as a black hole regarding genealogy. Enlightened values and urban sociability have been presented as inimical to the praise of ancestry and birth. In contrast, however, various studies on the continental or in the American colonies, have shed light on the many uses of genealogies, even beyond the landed elite. Whether it be in the publishing industry, in the urban corporations, in the scientific discourses, genealogy was used, not only as a resilient social practice, but also as a form of reasoning, a language and a tool to include newcomers, organise scientific and historical knowledge or to express various emotions. This volume aims to reconsider the flexibility of genealogical practices and their perpetual reconfiguration to meet renewed expectations in the period. Far from slowly vanishing under the blows of rationalism that would have delegitimized an ancient world based on various forms of hereditary determinism, the different contributions to this collective work demonstrate that genealogy is a pervasive tool to make sense of a fast-changing society.

Masroori, Cyrus / Mannies, Whitney / Laursen, J. C. (eds.), Persia and the Enlightenment. (Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment 2021:09) 288 pp. 2021:9 (Voltaire Foundation, UK) <669-29>
ISBN 978-1-80034-857-8 paper ¥18,518.- (税込) GB￡ 65.00 *

Since the 5th century BCE Persia has played a significant part in representing the "Other" against which European identity has been constructed. What makes the case of Persia unique in this process of identity formation is the ambivalent attitude that Europe has shown in its imaginary about Persia. Persia is arguably the nation of "the Orient" most referred to in Early Modern European writings, frequently mentioned in various discourses of the Enlightenment including theology, literature, and political theory. What was the appeal of Persia to such a diverse intellectual population in Enlightenment Europe? How did intellectuals engage with the 'facts' about Persia? In what ways did utilizing Persia contribute to the development of modern European identities? In this volume, an international group of scholars with diverse academic backgrounds has tackled these and other questions related to the Enlightenment's engagement with Persia. In doing so, Persia and the Enlightenment questions reductionist assessments of Modern Europe's encounter with the Middle East, where a complex engagement is simplified to a confrontation between liberalism and Islam, or an exaggerated Orientalism. By carefully studying Persia in the Enlightenment narratives, this volume throws new light on the complexity of intercultural encounters and their impact on the shaping of collective identities.

ナポリとパリの間の啓蒙思想哲学者－F.ガリアーニ　1728～87年
Mauro, Azzurra, Un philosophe des Lumieres entre Naples et Paris: Ferdinando Galiani (1728-1787). (Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment 2021:10) 270 pp. 2021:10 (Voltaire Foundation, UK) <669-30>
ISBN 978-1-80085-916-6 paper ¥18,518.- (税込) GB￡ 65.00 *

Celebre pour ses travaux d'economie politique ainsi que pour son activite diplomatique, Ferdinando Galiani (1728-1787) incarne un type singulier de 'philosophe', s'attribuant et reniant cette appellation en fonction des contextes. Bien que refusant de construire un systeme ordonne d'idees, Galiani produit un savoir philosophique qui accompagne et enrichit ses projets politiques. Situee au carrefour de l'histoire, de la litterature et de la philosophie, cette monographie etudie ainsi le parcours de Galiani en mesurant la finalite sociale et politique de sa production philosophico-litteraire, et en saisissant son identite de 'philosophe' entre Naples et Paris. Quelles influences ces deux milieux socioculturels ont-ils eu sur sa pensee et sur sa carriere? Cette interrogation constitue le coeur d'une analyse souhaitant reconsiderer conjointement les contextes napolitain et parisien, ou les termes de 'philosophe? et de 'filosofo? se chargent de significations, de pratiques et d'emplois differencies. A l'aune des discours, des pratiques et des representations que cet auteur construit tout au long de sa vie, ce livre inscrit Galiani dans la dimension concrete du travail philosophique, en etudiant sa maniere de vivre en philosophe, la ou les batailles philosophiques, les succes editoriaux et la gloire cohabitent sans antagonisme avec des inquietudes d'ordre materiel, des craintes concernant sa reputation ou encore des echecs. --- Famous for his works on political economy as well as for his diplomatic activity, Ferdinando Galiani (1728-1787) embodies a singular type of 'philosopher', attributing and denying himself this designation according to the context. Although he refused to construct an ordered system of ideas, Galiani produced a philosophical knowledge that accompanied and enriched his political projects. Situated at the crossroads of history, literature and philosophy, this monograph studies Galiani's career by measuring the social and political purpose of his philosophical-literary production, and by establishing his identity as a 'philosopher' between Naples and Paris. What influences did these two socio-cultural milieus have on his thought and his career? This question constitutes the core of an analysis that aims to simultaneously reconsider the Neapolitan and Parisian contexts, where the terms 'philosophe? and 'filosofo? take on different meanings, practices and uses. In the light of the discourses, practices and representations that this author constructed throughout his life, this book places Galiani in the real dimension of philosophical work, studying his way of life as a philosopher, where philosophical battles, editorial successes and fame coexist without conflict with material worries, fears about his reputation or even failures.

Shanafelt, Carrie D., Uncommon Sense: Jeremy Bentham, Queer Aesthetics, and the Politics of Taste. 200 pp. 2022:1 (U. Virginia Pr., US) <669-31>
ISBN 978-0-8139-4686-3 hard ¥20,482.- (税込) US$ 95.00 *
ISBN 978-0-8139-4687-0 paper ¥7,007.- (税込) US$ 32.50 *

Infamous for authoring two concepts since favored by government powers seeking license for ruthlessness-the utilitarian notion of privileging the greatest happiness for the most people and the panopticon-Jeremy Bentham is not commonly associated with political emancipation. But perhaps he should be. In his private manuscripts, Bentham agonized over the injustice of laws prohibiting sexual nonconformity, questioning state policy that would put someone to death merely for enjoying an uncommon pleasure. He identified sources of hatred for sexual nonconformists in philosophy, law, religion, and literature, arguing that his goal of "the greatest happiness" would be impossible as long as authorities dictate whose pleasures can be tolerated and whose must be forbidden. Ultimately, Bentham came to believe that authorities worked to maximize the suffering of women, colonized and enslaved persons, and sexual nonconformists in order to demoralize disenfranchised people and prevent any challenge to power.In Uncommon Sense, Carrie Shanafelt reads Bentham's sexual nonconformity papers as an argument for the toleration of aesthetic difference as the foundation for egalitarian liberty, shedding new light on eighteenth-century aesthetics and politics. At odds with the common image of Bentham as a dehumanizing calculator or an eccentric projector, this innovative study shows Bentham at his most intimate, outraged by injustice and desperate for the end of sanctioned, discriminatory violence.

Burrows, Simon / Roe, Glenn (eds.), Digitizing Enlightenment: Digital Humanities and the Transformation of Eighteenth-Century Studies. (Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment 2020:07) 422 pp. 2020:7 (Voltaire Foundation, UK) <669-23>
ISBN 978-1-78962-194-5 paper ¥21,367.- (税込) GB￡ 75.00 *

Digitizing Enlightenment explores how a set of inter-related digital projects are transforming our vision of the Enlightenment. The featured projects are some of the best known, well-funded and longest established research initiatives in the emerging area of 'digital humanities', a field that has, particularly since 2010, been attracting a rising tide of interest from professional academics, the media, funding councils, and the general public worldwide. Advocates and practitioners of the digital humanities argue that computational methods can fundamentally transform our ability to answer some of the 'big questions' that drive humanities research, allowing us to see patterns and relationships that were hitherto hard to discern, and to pinpoint, visualise, and analyse relevant data in efficient and powerful new ways. In the book's opening section, leading scholars outline their own projects' institutional and intellectual histories, the techniques and methodologies they specifically developed, the sometimes-painful lessons learned in the process, future trajectories for their research, and how their findings are revising previous understandings. A second section features chapters from early career scholars working at the intersection of digital methods and Enlightenment studies, an intellectual space largely forged by the projects featured in part one. Highlighting current and future research methods and directions for digital eighteenth-century studies, the book offers a monument to the current state of digital work, an overview of current findings, and a vision statement for future research. Featuring contributions from Keith Michael Baker, Elizabeth Andrews Bond, Robert M. Bond, Simon Burrows, Catherine Nicole Coleman, Melanie Conroy, Charles Cooney, Nicholas Cronk, Dan Edelstein, Chloe Summers Edmondson, the late Richard Frautschi, Clovis Gladstone, Howard Hotson, Angus Martin, Katherine McDonough, Alicia C. Montoya, Robert Morrissey, Laure Philip, Jeffrey S. Ravel, Glenn Roe, and Sean Takats.

Cavarzere, Marco, Historical Culture and Political Reform in the Italian Enlightenment. (Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment 2020:09) 352 pp. 2020:9 (Voltaire Foundation, UK) <669-24>
ISBN 978-1-78962-203-4 paper ¥21,367.- (税込) GB￡ 75.00 *

For centuries the society and politics of Old Regime Europe relied on the strong connection between past, present, and future and on a belief in the unstoppable continuity of time. What happened during the eighteenth century when the Age of Revolutions claimed to cancel the previous social order and announced the dawn of a new era? This book explores how antiquarianism provided new political bodies with allegedly time-hallowed traditions and so served as a source of legitimacy for reshaping European politics. The love for antiquities forged a common language of political communication within a burgeoning public sphere. To understand why this happened, Marco Cavarzere focuses on the cultural debates taking place in the Italian states from 1748 until 1796. During this period, governments tried to establish regional "national cultures" through erudite scholarship, with the intent of creating new administrative and political centralization within individual Italian states. Meanwhile, other sectors of local societies used the tools of antiquarianism in order to offer a counter-narrative on these political reforms. Ultimately, this book proposes a localized way of reading antiquarian texts. Far from presenting timeless knowledge, erudition in fact gave voice to specific tensions which were linked to restricted political arenas and regional public opinion.

Davies, Simon, Bernardin de Saint-Pierre: Colonial Traveller, Enlightenment Reformer, Celebrity Writer. (Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment 2021:01) 372 pp. 2021:1 (Liverpool U. Pr., UK) <669-25>
ISBN 978-1-78962-248-5 paper ¥21,367.- (税込) GB￡ 75.00 *

Although posterity has generally known Bernardin de Saint-Pierre for his bestselling Paul et Virginie, his output was encyclopaedic. Using new sources, this monograph explores the many facets of a celebrity writer in the Ancien Regime, the Revolution and the early nineteenth century. Bernardin attracted a readership to whom, irrespective of age, gender or social situation, he became a guide to living. He was nominated by Louis XVI to manage the Jardin des plantes, by Revolutionary bodies to teach at the Ecole normale and to membership of the Institut. He deplored unquestioning adherence to Newtonian ideas, materialistic atheism and human misdeeds in what could be considered proto-ecological terms. He bemoaned analytical, reductionist approaches: his philosophy placed human beings at the centre of the universe and stressed the interconnectedness of cosmic harmony. Bernardin learned enormously from travel to Eastern Europe and the Indian Ocean. He attacked slavery, championed a national education system and advocated justice for authors. Fresh information and interpretation show that he belonged to neither the philosophe or anti-philosophe camp. A reformist, he envisioned a regenerated France as a nation of liberty offering asylum for refugees. This study demonstrates the range of thought and expression of an incontournable polymath in an age of transformation.

Arnett, Ronald C. / Lessl, Thomas M., Communication Ethics and Tenacious Hope: Contemporary Implications of the Scottish Enlightenment. 304 pp. 2022:1 (Southern Illinois U. Pr., US) <669-22>
ISBN 978-0-8093-3853-5 paper ¥10,780.- (税込) US$ 50.00 *

Tenacious hope, the heart of a just and free society.During the Enlightenment, Scottish intellectuals and administrators met the demands of profit and progress while shepherding concerns for self and other, individual and community, and family and work. Communication Ethics and Tenacious Hope captures the "unity of contraries," offering the Scottish Enlightenment as an exemplar of tenacious hope countering the excesses of individualism. Ronald C. Arnett reveals two stories: the struggle between optimism and tenacious hope, and optimism's ultimate triumph in the exclusion of difference and the reification of progress as an ultimate good. In chapters that detail the legacies of Lord Provost George Drummond, Adam Smith, David Hume, Thomas Reid, George Campbell, Adam Ferguson, and Sir Walter Scott, Arnett highlights the problematic nature of optimism and the ethical agency of tenacious hope. Arnett illustrates the creative union of education and administration, the ability to accept doubt within systems of knowledge and imagination, and an abiding connection to local soil. As principles of progress, free will, and capitalism swept Europe, proponents of optimism envisioned a world of consumerism and absolutes. In contrast, practitioners of tenacious hope embraced uncertainty and compassion as pragmatic necessities. This work continues Arnett's scholarship, articulating the vital importance of communication ethics. Those seeking to discern and support a temporal sense of the good in this historical moment will find in this timely work the means to pursue, hold, and nourish tenacious hope. This insightful theorization of the Scottish Enlightenment distills the substance of a just and free society for meeting dangerous and uncertain times.

Abrams, Barbara / Morgenstern, Mira / Sullivan, Karen, Reframing Rousseau's Levite d'Ephraim: The Hebrew Bible, Hospitality, and Modern Identity. (Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment 2021:05) 256 pp. 2021:5 (Liverpool U. Pr., UK) <669-21>
ISBN 978-1-80034-813-4 paper ¥21,367.- (税込) GB￡ 75.00 *

Le Levite d'Ephraim, Rousseau's re-imagining of the final chapters of the Book of Judges, contains major themes of Rousseau's oeuvre and lays forth central concerns of his intellectual projects. Among the themes highlighted in the concentrated narrative are: the nature of signs and symbols and their relationship to the individual and society that produce them; the role of hospitality in constituting civil society; the textually-displayed moral disorder as foreshadowing political revolution; and finally, the role of violence in creating a unified polity. In Le Levite d'Ephraim, Rousseau explores the psychological and communal implications of violence and, through them, the social and political context of society. The incarnation of violence on the bodies of the women in this story highlights the centrality of women in Rousseau's thought. Women are systematically dismembered, both literally and figuratively, and this draws the reader's attention to the significance of these women as they are perennially re-membered inside and outside the text. This study of these themes in Le Levite d'Ephraim places it in relation to the biblical text at its origins and to Rousseau's own writings and larger cultural concerns as he grapples with the challenges of modernity.