哲学・社会思想・宗教 — 全 下位分類

This Handbook provides a comprehensive and authoritative analysis of the philosophical dimensions of German Romanticism, a movement that challenged traditional borders between philosophy, poetry, and science. With contributions from leading international scholars, the collection places the movement in its historical context by both exploring its links to German Idealism and by examining contemporary, related developments in aesthetics and scientific research. A substantial concluding section of the Handbook examines the enduring legacy of German romantic philosophy.

Key Features:

* Highlights the contributions of German romantic philosophy to literary criticism, irony, cinema, religion, and biology.

This book examines the cogency and value of Nietzsche's idea of eternal recurrence, as an antidote to the nihilism resulting from the catastrophic event of 'the death of God'. Its significance to Nietzsche's philosophy as a whole (when presented either as an imaginative thought experiment, a cosmological hypothesis, or a poetic metaphor) is analysed, alongside the manifold criticisms the idea has attracted.

In this original reading of eternal recurrence, McNeil explores the strength of metaphorical meaning contained within Heraclitean and Stoic cosmologies, revealing their influence on Nietzsche's own cosmology, along with their holistic approach to life which Nietzsche endorsed. Furthermore, an extensive critique of Heidegger's interpretation of eternal recurrence is given. McNeil argues that Heidegger ignores not only the life-affirming Dionysian aspects of the concept, but also the Heraclitean sense of play evident in the cosmology, and the importance of thisfor developing a positive, celebratory attitude towards our lives and creative projects.

Understood historically, culturally, politically, geographically, or philosophically, the idea of Europe and notion of European identity conjure up as much controversy as consensus. The mapping of the relation between ideas of Europe and their philosophical articulation and contestation has never benefitted from clear boundaries, and if it is to retain its relevance to the challenges now facing the world, it must become an evolving conceptual landscape of critical reflection.

The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Europe provides an outstanding reference work for the exploration of Europe in its manifold conceptions, narratives, institutions, and values. Comprising twenty-seven chapters by a group of international contributors, the Handbook is divided into three parts:

• Europe of the philosophers
• Concepts and controversies
• Debates and horizons.

Essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy, politics, and European studies, the Handbook will also be of interest to those in related disciplines such as sociology, religion, and European history and history of ideas.

It was not so long ago that the dominant picture of Kant's practical philosophy was forma-listic, focusing almost exclusively on his Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals and Critique of Practical Reason. However, the overall picture of Kant's wide-ranging philosophy has since been broadened and deepened. We now have a much more complete understanding of the range of Kant's practical interests and of his contributions to areas as diverse as anthropology, peda-gogy, and legal theory. What remains somewhat obscure, however, is how these different contributions hang together in the way that Kant suggests that they must. This book explores these different conceptions of humanity, morality, and legality in Kant as main 'manifestations' or 'dimensions' of practical normativity. These interrelated terms play a cru-cial role in highlighting different rational obligations, their source(s), and their appli-cability in the face of changing circumstances.

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) loved nature and his daily walks in the Swiss Mountains and by the Mediterranean Sea heavily influenced his writing, and particularly his most famous book, Thus Spoke Zarathustra. By following the philosopher on these ramblings and reflecting on Zarathustra's (Nietzsche's alter ego) surprising interactions with the animals he meets on his way, Henk Manschot cleverly shows how all these experiences were reflected in the philosopher's thinking on the relationship between human beings and the Earth.

Working at the intersection of philosophy and environmental studies, Manschot presents key Nietzschean concepts as the foundations of an ecological 'art of living' for the twenty-first century. In a unique contribution to the field, he also introduces the concept of 'terra-sophy', which combines the notions of terra (earth) and sophy (wisdom), to contend that humans should reimagine themselves as in a reciprocal relationship with the planet. For Manschot, Nietzsche's thought can inspire humanity to move from a human to an Earth-focused relationship to the world; a shift in thought that would considerably benefit a generation facing an unprecedented ecological crisis.

This book presents a systemic analysis of Spinoza's philosophy and challenges the traditional views. It deals with Spinoza's concepts of substance, truth conditions, attributes, and the first, second, and supreme grades of knowledge. Based upon an analysis of the relevant details in all of Spinoza's philosophical works, the book reveals many important points, including the following: Spinoza's system is not, nor is meant to be, a foundational-deductive system but was meant to be a coherent system of a network model. Spinoza's reality is not made in the image of a mathematical model. Imaginatio, the first grade of knowledge, and ratio, the second grade, are parts or properties of the supreme grade of knowledge, scientia intuitiva, which is their essence. Finite beings, especially humans, are necessary and eternal (unless they are mistakenly perceived by imaginatio) whereas time, place, and death are simply "entities of imagination." The salvation, happiness, and blessedness that Spinoza's Ethics offers us, are active and depend only upon us. Concluding a careful examination and interpretation, the book suggests additional novel viewpoints in interpreting Spinoza's philosophical psychology and political philosophy.

In Classical American Philosophy: Poiesis in the Public Square, Rebecca Farinas takes seven major figures from the American philosophical canon and examines their relationship with an artistic or scientific interlocutor. It is a unique insight into the origins of American philosophy and through case studies such as the friendship between Alain Locke and the biologist E.E. Just and the collaboration between Jane Addams and George Herbert Mead, Farinas provides a new insight into these thinkers' ideas.

Her new perspective allows her to move beyond relational aesthetics to consider these theorists' phenomenological, metaphysical, religious and cosmological ideas and reapply them to the modern world. Indeed, the partnerships she examines have proved especially valuable to newer philosophical fields like value theory, ethics, pedagogy and semiotics. Her links between art and science also provide new vantage points on our society's continuing artistic endeavours and technological advances and introduce an exciting new perspective on early American philosophy and its ensuing movements.