経済学 — 全 下位分類

This book provides a comprehensive picture of sustainable development in Northeast India, focusing on historical context, traditional knowledge systems, and contemporary challenges. As a region characterized by unique environmental and geographical peculiarities, Northeast India presents both opportunities and constraints in achieving sustainable growth. This book presents a multidimensional exploration of sustainable development in Northeast India, bridging indigenous traditions with contemporary challenges. It begins with the foundations of sustainability, highlighting theoretical perspectives, traditional agricultural practices, sacred groves, and community philosophies that shape resilience across the region.

The second section delves into environmental, economic, and social dimensions, examining climate change impacts, ecosystem services, livelihood diversification, skill development, vocational education, and women’s empowerment. Case studies on tea plantation workers, MGNREGA, and cross-border trade illustrate how sustainability intersects with equity, employment, and regional policy.

The final section expands to education, health, and inclusive development, addressing disparities in healthcare, educational vulnerability during the pandemic, poverty among the self-employed, and pathways through financial inclusion and access to credit. Together, these chapters provide a holistic view of the region’s progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals. By engaging with sustainability through a regional lens, this book fosters transparency and public awareness, promotes innovation and adaptation, ensures inclusivity and equity, and contributes valuable insights to global knowledge frameworks.

This collection provides a holistic understanding of sustainable development in Northeast India, addressing key challenges and proposing practical solutions. Beyond merely describing sustainability challenges, this book offers policy-driven solutions that can inform decision-making at the regional and national levels. Designed to be an invaluable resource for policymakers, researchers, academics, and students, it aims to shape discourse on sustainable development, environmental conservation, and socio-economic advancement in the region.

This book provides the first full-scale comparative historical analysis of the evolution of soybean farming in five South American countries; these nations now dominate the world market for soybeans, the most valuable agricultural product in the world. However, these countries only began producing soybeans on a large scale in the second half of the 20th century, replacing the United States as the leading exporters by the first decade of the new century. This book also examines soybean farming’s association with the introduction of modern commercial agricultural production in several of these countries, many of which had previously exported few agricultural products competitively.

Digital markets and disruptive technologies have radically reshaped investor behavior. As this book explains, social media, algorithmic trading, and gamified platforms amplify fundamental behavioral biases such as overconfidence and loss aversion. These “digital investors,” driven by real-time information and herd dynamics, are pushing markets into increasingly unstable territory?beyond the reach of traditional frameworks. Measuring digitally-driven irrationality with outdated metrics is no longer viable. Regulators aim to keep markets open and transparent, yet investors and platforms struggle to navigate new rules designed to protect both markets and consumers. This book explores the critical intersection of human psychology, technology, and financial governance in a world of constant change.

In 2010, the United Nations declared access to clean drinking water a human right. Yet billions still face scarcity while water is wasted, polluted, and undervalued. Water on Wall Street confronts this paradox with clarity and urgency.

Arguing that water must be treated as both a right and a responsibility - two sides of the same coin that will shape our future - researchers Marcel Boyer and Maria Kouyoumijian explore how population growth, economic expansion, and climate pressures heighten global demand. They demonstrate that socially responsible management requires new tools: efficient pricing, regulated markets, and transparent institutions that promote conservation while ensuring equity.

Spanning history, policy, economics, law, and technology, this book speaks to readers who want to understand water in all its dimensions. Accessible yet rigorous, it offers a bold, solution-driven framework showing how protecting humanity's most vital resource demands both ethical commitment and economic ingenuity.

In 2026, EUROMOD ? the European Union’s tax?benefit microsimulation model ? marks its 30th anniversary. Established in 1996 as an academic prototype, the model has grown into a central pillar of European social policy analysis. Today, EUROMOD provides a harmonized and transparent framework for assessing the distributional and fiscal effects of tax?benefit policies across EU Member States and partner countries. Its evidence has shaped national debates, informed EU?level policymaking, and contributed to a deeper understanding of income distribution, poverty, labor market incentives, and redistribution.

Over the past three decades, EUROMOD has inspired a vast body of academic research and institutional analysis, producing hundreds of peer?reviewed articles and policy reports. This anniversary volume takes stock of that achievement. It documents the historical evolution of EUROMOD, explains how the model is used in policy processes across Europe, and highlights methodological innovations and future directions in microsimulation.

Bringing together leading scholars and practitioners, the contributions offer a dual perspective: a retrospective account of how EUROMOD became a cornerstone of social policy assessment, and a forward?looking exploration of the model’s next 30 years. The volume includes a curated selection of influential EUROMOD?based studies ? spanning diverse topics, countries, and periods ? reprinted from leading peer?reviewed journals to showcase the breadth and depth of the model’s scientific impact.

This book provides policymakers, researchers, and students with a unique resource on the development, application, and future potential of microsimulation in the EU. Documenting the foundations and evolution of a tool now used daily by researchers, statistical offices, and policymakers, this book celebrates EUROMOD’s enduring contribution to the science and practice of social policy analysis in Europe and beyond.

This book offers a thorough look at the complex issues surrounding food and nutrition security globally. It focuses on 'SDG 2 - Zero Hunger' solving hunger by connecting important areas like policy, agriculture, technology, and social factors. The book addresses urgent challenges such as climate change, economic inequality, and political instability that affect food availability and nutrition.

The chapters explore a wide range of topics, including sustainable farming methods, climate-resilient food systems, crop diversification, and the role of livestock and fisheries. It also covers the impact of climate change on crop quality, circular economy practices in food production, and the social and economic factors that influence food access. Additionally, the book discusses food safety, modern technologies, global policy frameworks, and innovative solutions for building stronger food systems in the future.

This book is a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, students, and professionals working in agriculture, nutrition, public health, and social development. It provides practical insights and strategies to help create sustainable and equitable food systems that can ensure everyone has access to nutritious food, supporting a healthier and hunger-free world.

UNDERSTANDING ENERGY THROUGH SOCIAL, TECHNICAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL LENSES

Energy, Society, and Environment: A Critical Introduction explores the complex relationships between energy systems and the societies and environments they shape. Dustin Mulvaney provides a concise yet wide-ranging overview of energy production, distribution, and consumption, examining not only the physical and technical aspects but also the political, cultural, and ethical forces that underpin them. By situating energy within its broader social contexts, Mulvaney provides the tools to analyze the challenges of building more sustainable and just energy futures.

This accessible and engaging textbook guides students from the physical principles and sources of energy through to the infrastructures, policies, and social implications that define today’s global energy challenges. Case studies spanning fossil fuels, renewable technologies, and electricity grids are enriched by interdisciplinary perspectives from geography, sociology, science and technology studies, and environmental ethics. Contemporary issues?including the Strait of Hormuz closure, supply chain disruptions, and geopolitical conflicts?are woven throughout to illustrate how energy is at the heart of global change.

Energy, Society, and Environment: A Critical Introduction is ideal for undergraduate and graduate students in geography, environmental studies, sociology, and energy studies programs. It is also an essential reference for researchers, policymakers, and professionals engaged in sustainability, environmental justice, and energy planning.

Modernizing the Crown outlines the reform of the Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) from the mid-1980s to the present day. Showing how it went from a stodgy distributor set on “controlling” beverage alcohol consumption to the efficient, dynamic retailer we see today, and illuminating both the process and the rationale for this shift.

As the central actor in Ontario’s alcoholic beverage market, the LCBO’s transformation challenges several common assumptions: that privatization is the only option to improve state-owned firms or that partisanship is a predictor of a government’s behaviour ? it was the Mike Harris Tories, after all, who kicked its modernization drive into high gear in the 1990s. Like other firms owned by states, the LCBO must manage a host of demands from a variety of stakeholders, including its state owner, various powerful interests, and the citizen public, among others, and thus must juggle complex and competing commercial and policy imperatives.

Drawing from primary and secondary empirical sources, Malcolm G. Bird articulates the corporate, institutional, and political dynamics that both explain the board’s evolution and that underpin the province’s unique alcohol retail marketplace, including the recent drastic expansion of the retail landscape.

Macroeconomics 1 is devoted to foundational and methodological issues, which are not always considered in current reviews of the subject.

Rather than treating aggregates as given or assuming that they can be microfounded through the behaviour of representative agents, this book highlights the aggregation problem itself in the presence of heterogeneity among households, production sectors and agents’ information. It provides a methodological initiation to dynamical systems and a conceptual exploration of adaptive learning as an alternative to standard rational expectations modeling.

Finally, this book covers macroeconomic theory from both normative and positive perspectives ? discussing welfare economics, and focusing on social justice and distributional issues, before addressing political economy, particularly in relation to stabilization policy, income distribution and institutional design.

This book examines one of the most pressing governance challenges facing the WTO: its growing difficulty in producing timely, effective and collectively acceptable decisions. While the WTO remains formally committed to consensus-based decision-making, this foundational principle has increasingly generated what the book conceptualizes as an “efficiency deficit”?a widening gap between Members’ expectations of institutional delivery and the Organization’s actual decision-making capacity.

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Rather than attributing this paralysis to the heterogeneity of its membership or to individual Members’ exercise of “de facto veto power”, the book identifies both internal and external drivers of institutional strain. It shows how negotiation processes, institutional design and Member interactions collectively shape decision-making outcomes, contributing to persistent deadlock across key negotiating areas.

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The book further argues that overcoming these constraints does not require abandoning consensus, but rebuilding the conditions under which it can function effectively. Central to this effort is the reconstruction of cooperative culture, sustained by trust, sequencing strategies and a member-driven approach that enables incremental progress. It also highlights the enabling role of institutional actors?such as the Secretariat, the Director-General and negotiation chairs?in facilitating dialogue, structuring negotiations and fostering convergence. Through this integrated framework, the book offers a pathway for restoring functionality to WTO decision-making while preserving its core principles of inclusiveness and legitimacy.

Why the consequences of a prolonged period of weaker economic growth will be more profound than anyone dares to predict

In the heady progress of the post-war era, our lifestyles changed, our political systems adapted, and rapid economic growth became the model of every developed economy. But this prevailing consensus is falling apart around us. Growth is now, at best, no more than anaemic. Policymakers dream about an AI revolution and tweak their fiscal rules to accommodate a newly-austere economic reality but, all the while, government debt soars, financial markets become increasingly jittery, and voters lose trust in their politicians.

Celebrated economist Stephen D. King asks how our politics will adapt to such persistently low growth. While leaders make fiscal promises based on a future that is unlikely to materialise, nationalism thrives, battlelines are drawn between perceived winners and losers, and the rules-based international order crumbles. The absence of growth triggers invidious political wrangling over tax, welfare, defence and infrastructure, intensifies competition for resources, and leads to social instability.

King shows how our new world is governed by them-and-us divisions over limited economic spoils. This is the political economy of plunder.?

This book offers an accessible guide to the economics of digital transformation in Europe. With a particular focus on artificial intelligence, it brings together policy analysis, legal insights, technical innovations, and practical case studies to highlight the economic opportunities and social challenges associated with the digital agenda. The impact of artificial intelligence and the digital transition is assessed across a number of different contexts, including governance, regulation, governmental decision-making, industry, and education. The potential for artificial intelligence and technological innovation to drive sustainable industrial development, enable the circular economy, improve education, and enhance global cooperation are also outlined.

This book shows how the digital transition can transform economies and societies. It will be relevant to students, researchers, and policymakers interested in the digital transition, the political economy, and economic policy.

We are entering an era of population decline across the developed world (and beyond). Few have given serious thought to what this might mean economically. Will an ageing society and dwindling population be easily accommodated or strike at the very heart of our prosperity?

Paul Morland and Philip Pilkington argue that the consequences of the coming demographic upheaval will be economically devastating. All of the assumptions of economists - that a world of above-replacement birth rates and gentle annual population growth could be taken for granted - are being upended. Once economics drove population changes, but now demography is the most fundamental force shaping our economic future. Bust addresses everything from labour and capital markets to housing and the welfare state, showing the profoundly worrying consequences of a shrinking working age population and an ageing society. Unless we take radical action to bolster birth rates, we face a future of falling living standards, high inflation and low growth.

This book shines a penetrating light on one of the most ominous - and least understood - economic and social challenges of the twenty-first century. No-one who reads it will look upon public policy or the future of our society in the same way again.

Mathematical finance and computing are parts of nearly all aspects of everyday life. The discipline has underpinned beneficial modern capabilities, financial modelling, predictive analysis and optimization including search algorithms, financial data visualisation, financial computing, numerical analysis for predictions, and quantitative risk management. Mathematics and computer science are constantly evolving and contributing to most areas of science, engineering and finance; therefore, future generations of mathematical scientists should reassess the increasingly cross-disciplinary nature of the mathematical sciences. Mathematical Finance and Financial Computing with Real-World Applications presents current scientific and technological innovations from leading academics, researchers, and experts across the globe in mathematical sciences and computing.?

The volume will discuss new technical ideas and features that can be incorporated into day-to-day life for the benefit of society. A diversified spectrum of scientific advancements is discussed, including applications of stochastics differential equation, numerical analysis, financial computation, computation dynamics, nonlinear optimization, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. Readers will explore diverse ideas and innovations in the field of financial computation and its growing connections to various fields of mathematics and statistics.?

This book will benefit young and middle level researchers in quantitative finance, financial computing and quantitative risk management. Professors, students, and researchers working in research areas such as mathematical finance, financial modelling, asset pricing, volatility modelling, risk analysis, predictive modelling, portfolio optimization, statistical finance, financial computing, financial engineering, financial data analysis and data science can use this book to improve their results.

This open access book is a biography of Tameyuki Amano (1861-1938), who was the first Japanese economist. He was also an educator, one of the first elected Diet members, and one of the founders of the Tokyo Senmon College (now Waseda University). Moreover, as editor of the Oriental Economist (Toyo Keizai Shimpo), he was at the center of economic information and communication through his work that involved collecting economic and financial data and connecting Japanese economists and businesspeople. Amano wrote notable byline editorials on taxation, international relations and trade, monetary standards, banking, and stock exchange for almost every issue in the period 1895-1907.

Amano spent his boyhood in Karatsu, on the northern shore of Kyushu, where the daimyos (lords) were associated with the Nagasaki surveillance mission. During the period of National Seclusion, Dejima in Nagasaki was uniquely permitted to maintain diplomatic relations with the Dutch; it functioned as a tightly controlled foreign trading post as well as a surveillance and intelligence system for the Tokugawa government. At Tokyo University, Amano attended lectures by Ernest Fenollosa on political economy, based on John Stuart Mill, and on the history of Western philosophy, based on Albert Schwegler. Amano later translated J. Laurence Laughlin's 1884 abridged edition of Mill's Principles of Political Economy and John Neville Keynes's Scope and Method of Political Economy (1891).