歴史学 — 全 下位分類

The first book ever on how the press covered the Gettysburg campaign, From Blood to Ink chronicles the rise of the press through the Civil War and how its coverage of Gettysburg not only misled the people of two warring factions but also misshaped the battle's meaning for generations to come. As Matthew J. Larson reveals, newsmen on both sides transformed the battle into what they needed it to be rather than what it truly was. While the Northern press elevated Gettysburg into America's Waterloo, the Southern press polished it into another hard-won success for Confederate General Robert E. Lee. In both cases, facts bent to bias, narrative eclipsed reality, and Gettysburg itself became the final casualty.

Hard Women, Hard War establishes a new interpretation of Southern women's wartime behavior by examining their interactions with the Federal army. From the very beginning of the war to the bitter end of the conflict, women negotiated military policy toward civilians, motivated by their political loyalties, which were grounded in their ideas of home. Free and enslaved Black women encouraged Federals to destroy the plantation household to make way for homes built in freedom, pushing the military to make hard war on unrepentant rebels. White Unionist enslavers' loyalty to the United States was predicated on protection of their homes and human property, and when the army moved toward harsher war policies, these women emulated the defiance of elite Confederate ladies. White women's treason spurred the army to collaborate with loyal Black women while visiting destruction on disloyal enslaving women. Even as the war became more destructive, Southern women refused to stay on the sidelines, insisting that war compelled them to move outside their homes to defend their homes. Women's very existence-as wealthy enslavers or someone else's property-hung in the balance, and these hard women waged a hard war to secure future privilege or future freedom.

This groundbreaking study reveals a remarkable and largely unfamiliar dimension of Jewish history: the ways in which classical mythology became part of Jewish life and erudite culture in Europe between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries. From vibrant civic processions and rabbinic sermons to kabbalistic treatises, folk tales, and messianic heretical performances, figures such as Bacchus, Pan, the Sibyls, Amazons, and Prometheus entered the Jewish cultural landscape in surprising and illuminating ways. Tracing the Jewish encounter with classical myth through two waves, influenced by Renaissance humanism and Enlightenment critique, Maoz Kahana argues that these encounters were not superficial borrowings. Rather, classical myth served as a medium through which Jews reimagined their textual heritage and expanded the intellectual horizons of their tradition.

Kahana's work illuminates a previously unexplained boom of classical mythological elements in Jewish literature beginning in the early modern era, providing new insight into the intersection of Jewish, Christian humanist, and pagan traditions. In this new portrait of Jewish mysticism in early modernity, Kahana argues that kabbalistic thinkers, leaders, and ritualists can and should be explored within a wider cultural and intellectual landscape. Through vivid case studies, the book shows how Greek and Roman mythological materials opened new avenues for rethinking the distant past, ongoing tradition, revelation, hidden knowledge, and the nature of the self. Putting Nachman of Breslov in conversation with Giambattista Vico, this book offers a sweeping account of the creative Jewish engagement with classical mythology from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment.

History is never just about the past. It is a powerful resource used to shape public space, communities and relationships of power. In Narratives, Uses of History, and Power in Gonzales, Texas, 1900-1940, Anne Magnussen explores how a confrontation in 1835 between American immigrants and the Mexican army evolved from local history into the famous and powerful "Come and Take It" narrative used to promote business ambitions, define community values, and establish ethnoracial and social hierarchies.

Drawing on a rich array of sources-from newspapers, census records, maps, monuments, and organizational archives-Magnussen reveals how Anglo-Texans, Mexican-Texans, African-Texans, and German-Texans negotiated power, belonging, and identity in a rapidly changing society. As Gonzales confronted industrialization, immigration, racial segregation, economic crisis, and the Texas Centennial, historical narratives became tools for both inclusion and exclusion, legitimacy and resistance.

Far more than a local history, this book offers a case study of how communities use the past to shape their futures. It illuminates the complex relationships among memory, heritage, race, place, and power in Texas and the United States, while providing fresh insights into how historical narratives emerge, compete, and challenge each other over time.

Oklahoma Reconsidered provides a concise and conversational history of Oklahoma from the 1700s and into the twenty-first century by two historians who show how Oklahoma has been shaped by wars, epidemics, civil rights movements, and unified efforts to heal after devastating terrorist attacks. While other books on Oklahoma history often linger in the nineteenth century, Oklahoma Reconsidered places the central focus on Oklahoma from 1907 to 2025-including the rise in the Latinx population in the state, the success of the Oklahoma City Thunder NBA basketball team as a unifying force in the state, and the significance of the McGirt decision in 2020, which granted tribal jurisdiction over much of eastern Oklahoma as Indian Country, offering a glimpse into the tensions between state and tribal authority.

This collection of over fifty essays provides a comprehensive overview of the Pacific theater of World War II. Scholars and practitioners from around the globe unite their expertise to explore the interaction of the belligerents, with multiple chapters co-written by Japanese and American authors.

Part I provides the political, economic, military, strategic, and legal backdrop. Part II highlights operational and strategic concepts and approaches: assessment, deterrence, strategic culture, war gaming and planning, access and anti-access campaigns, cumulative and sequential operations, strategic and operational intelligence, and logistics. Part III focuses on turning points: the Axis alliance, wartime mobilization, naval buildups, the key campaigns of Malaya, Midway, Guadalcanal, and Leyte Gulf, unrestricted submarine warfare, and aerial bombing. Part IV turns to the warzone societies with chapters on Australia, China, Indonesia, India, Indochina, Japan, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Part V concludes with the war's diverse legacies: the Communist victory in China, suspicions of a Pearl Harbor coverup, the transformation of international law, the fate of veterans, the teaching of the war, its operational and doctrinal lessons, and the many movies and museums about it.

The handbook offers original and enduring analyses that will interest scholars, students, policymakers, and history buffs alike.

This book examines how the United Nations Secretariat built a coordinated regional peacekeeping architecture across the Israel-Arab conflict between 1967 and 1982, tracing its operational achievements and the structural limits that ultimately constrained them.

Drawing on previously classified UN archives, the book offers the first integrated institutional history of four UN operations - UNTSO, UNEF II, UNDOF, and UNIFIL - treated not as isolated deployments but as components of a deliberately managed regional system. It introduces the concept of Inter-Operation Collaboration (IOC), demonstrating that mission integration was practised decades before it was formalised in UN doctrine. Central to the narrative is General Ensio Siilasvuo, the Finnish officer who served successively as force commander, ceasefire negotiator at Kilometre 101, and Chief Coordinator of UN Peacekeeping in the Middle East, and whose career embodies the blend of military and diplomatic innovation that defined the era. The book also recovers the critical role of the Office of Special Political Affairs as the Secretariat's institutional engine.

The book will be of interest to scholars of UN peacekeeping, Middle Eastern history, and international organisations, as well as to practitioners and policymakers engaged with contemporary questions of multilateral conflict management.

This book explores the origins, evolution, and limits of the "Euro-Russian entente" in the crucial transition period from perestroika to the consolidation of the Russian Federation, and from the European Single Market project to the emergence of the European Union.

Drawing on extensive archival research and a wide range of secondary sources from both Eastern and Western Europe, the volume reassesses the political-diplomatic, socio-economic, military, technological, and cultural dimensions of this pivotal moment in Euro-Russian relations. By foregrounding contingency, plurality of actors, and the interplay between ideas, institutions, and material constraints, it demonstrates that the failure of a deeper partnership was not preordained, but instead the outcome of a complex process in which ambitious projects of convergence coexisted with structural divergence. The volume thus provides a historically grounded framework for understanding not only the missed opportunities of the past, but also the deeper roots of the tensions that continue to shape relations between the European Union and the Russian Federation today.

This book will appeal to scholars and students of Cold War, contemporary European history, Russian and Soviet studies, European integration, and international relations, as well as policymakers and general readers.

This book uncovers the history of emotions surrounding death in colonial and semi-colonial Anglo-China during the 19th century. Engaging with both English and Chinese sources, including obituaries, memoirs, personal correspondence, missionary publications, mourning poetry and travel accounts, Death and Emotions in Anglo-China explores how this common human experience was understood, expressed, and felt across different cultures, where it became not merely a personal matter but a hotly contested issue.

Illustrating how emotions of death solidified communities, buttressed regimes and galvanised political movements, the book pays attention to the dilemma between personal grief and communal commemoration, arguing that the chaotic process of grieving was often pushed aside by collective narratives, which stressed the emotional norm of solemnity. Such collective emotions provided the Western powers, namely the British, a sentimental rhetoric of sacrifice for their imperial cause, and for the Chinese, a powerful impetus to rising Chinese nationalism by the turn of the century.

Focusing on a culturally dynamic context previously overlooked in the field of emotional history, this book contributes to the global dimension of growing interests in historicizing the universal human conditions of emotions and death.

Investigates the strategy and intent of the American president in pursuit of national security, using a case study approach spanning the last century.

Strategic Direction takes inspiration from the following sentence in Henry Kissinger's Diplomacy: "In the American system of government, in which the president is the only nationally elected official, coherence in foreign policy emerges-if at all-from presidential pronouncements." The conditional phrase-if at all-suggests coherence doesn't happen by itself, doesn't happen very often, and doesn't last very long. Why not?

To answer this question, Strategic Direction uses a case study approach spanning 1915-2015. The first case study begins in 1915 when Woodrow Wilson justifies his decision to remain neutral in the first world war. The last case study ends in 2015 with a warning from Barack Obama about the risks of perpetual war. Through an exploration of verbal and written communication, including documents, executive orders, memorandums, and other materials, this book examines how presidents determine and pursue their foreign policy priorities.

The field of genocide studies has experienced extraordinary growth during the past two decades. It stands today as one of the most diverse and interdisciplinary in the social sciences and humanities. Likewise, the field's anchoring case studies have proliferated, from an initial focus on the Jewish Holocaust, the Armenian genocide, and the genocide of Tutsi in Rwanda, to a genuinely global framework that incorporates cases of genocide and other mass atrocities on every populated continent.

This handbook provides a cutting-edge overview of the discipline, blending theoretically grounded analysis with empirically rich illustrations to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the contemporary debates in genocide studies. Split into seven sections, the book covers:

• Roots and Causation
• Disciplinary Perspectives
• Genocide Through History
• The 20th Century: Genocide Before the Convention
• Genocide Since 1948
• Interventions and Aftermaths
• Cultural Legacies

Bringing together a diverse set of both established and up-and-coming scholars, this volume will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students who are new to the field, to educators, and to scholars, researchers, and professionals in numerous fields who seek an encompassing understanding of genocide studies.

A compelling exploration of how Mesopotamian discoveries reshaped biblical scholarship, and why their connection to the Bible made them matter. From the first public reading of the Babylonian flood story in 1872 to the controversies sparked by Delitzsch's Babel-Bible lectures, Lasine Thelle traces the formative encounters between Assyriology and biblical studies. This book reveals how excavations in Assyria and Babylonia, and the decipherment of Akkadian texts, transformed the study of the Old Testament and redefined core concepts still taken for granted today.

Through detailed analysis of major figures, including Wellhausen, Gunkel, and Mowinckel, Thelle shows how scholarly debates over creation myths, chronology, and cultural influence shaped modern biblical research. She also uncovers the reciprocal dynamic: Mesopotamia's appeal to Western explorers was inseparable from its perceived biblical significance.

Rich in historical insight and critical reflection, this study illuminates the intertwined histories of two disciplines and offers a fresh perspective on the intellectual currents that continue to inform contemporary scholarship.

Reusing Oral Histories is the first comprehensive guide available to scholars and students looking to analyse or reanalyse archived oral history interviews.

Oral history scholarship to date has been primarily concerned with the analysis of oral histories conducted by the interviewer, despite the proliferation of archived oral history interviews. The reuse of interviews, some of which have been in the archives for years, poses specific challenges for researchers and offers many rewards. Across four chapters, this book furnishes readers with a detailed overview of the literature on oral history reuse, as well as discussing practical, methodological and ethical considerations, and the emotional challenges involved in reusing archived interviews. Based on international case studies, the book explores relationality, narrativity, and aurality of archived interviews. Reusing Oral Histories suggests three complementary modes of analytical listening - empathetic, active and relational - in order to understand both the interviews themselves and the memories and narratives they contain.

The book provides readers with the tools, methods and theoretical frameworks to engage fully in reusing oral histories. It will be of interest to students, archivists, and other practitioners of oral history as a practical guide and theoretical companion.

See World War II through the lens of the day-to-day realities of war, both at home and on the battlefront.
Looking at everyday life during one of the most tumultuous times in history, this book explores different facets of life, from economy to entertainment to family. From the home front to the battlefront, uncover the resilience, challenges, and triumphs of those who lived through the war. Embedded with rich details, this book offers a comprehensive look at how the war shaped the lives of ordinary people and soldiers alike.

Readers will gain insight into how families coped with the absence of loved ones, how communities rallied together to support the war effort, and how soldiers found moments of levity amidst the chaos of war. The economic impact of the war, including rationing and the role of women in the workforce, is also explored in depth.

Intellectual and cultural life during the war is another key theme, highlighting how people stayed informed, entertained, and connected despite the challenges. The book also examines the political climate of the time, including the impact of propaganda and the role of government in shaping public opinion. Recreational activities, from sports to cinema, provided much-needed escapism, while religious practices offered comfort and hope. This book is a must-read for anyone looking to understand the true realities of World War II, not just what's portrayed on a movie screen.

Written to enable readers to understand the legacy of European turmoil in the 20th century, Europe in Crisis provides a comprehensive analysis of its two world wars, the follow-on Cold War, and their transformative effects on international relations and security affairs.

Today's reemergence of antagonistic great powers, the global disruptions of their rivalries, and the widening cracks in the post-WWII world order compose what has been called a "rupture" in the global system. How government leaders and informed electorates might best navigate that challenge requires knowledge not only of the post-WWII order but its origins earlier in the century as well. With this goal in mind, the book examines key issues concerning Europe's failures to forge a lasting peace over several decades and subsequent struggles to regain stability after the shock of war on gigantic scales. From Verdun and the Somme in the First World War, to Stalingrad in the Second, and the Berlin Wall during the Cold War, and from the July Crisis of 1914 to the Atlantic Charter and the post-WWII Marshall Plan, this is a history with a lot to tell us.

Ideal for historians, political scientists, and students of international relations, the book takes the reader to every part of Europe, and much of the world, to trace the trials and tragedies of an era whose fallout still reverberates in our newspaper headlines and media commentaries.

While the Cyprus conflict is often framed as an insular communal tragedy or as the mechanical outcome of competing nationalisms, this study offers a more exacting reconstruction. Attentive to the plurality of forces shaping the conflict, it shows how the island functioned as a critical hinge in Greek-Turkish relations. Cyprus amplified insecurities, reordered strategic priorities, and transformed a localized dispute into a persistent bilateral fault line. It thus emerges not as an isolated anomaly, but as a catalyst whose reverberations have reshaped the regional equilibrium into the present.

The book's central contribution is a rigorously revisionist account of Greek policy-making. Kalpadakis demonstrates that alongside dominant irredentist narratives existed a coherent, strategically literate diplomatic current that interpreted Cyprus through its long-term implications for Greek-Turkish relations. Drawing on extensive archival research, the study traces this dissenting diplomacy from the decolonization debates of the 1950s through the constitutional crisis of the 1960s and into the years preceding 1974. These pragmatists endorsed Cypriot self-determination but resisted the absolutization of immediate Enosis, recognizing how Cyprus could entrench asymmetries, internationalize bilateral antagonism, and expose wider Greek interests to retaliation.

Analytically disciplined and conceptually ambitious, The Cyprus Conflict: Diplomacy as Dissent, 1954-1974 is essential reading for scholars of the Cyprus conflict, Greek-Turkish relations, nationalism, and Cold War diplomacy. By situating Cyprus within the wider logic of bilateral relations and recovering neglected traditions of strategic reasoning, while restoring contingency to a conflict too often framed through retrospective inevitability, the book illuminates deep-seated patterns of constraint, escalation, and choice. It thus offers not only a historical reinterpretation, but a policy-relevant framework for understanding the enduring strategic dilemmas of the Eastern Mediterranean.

This book provides an insightful exploration of how a German policeman, Mathias Mueller (Police Battalion 309), was involved in Nazi atrocities and mass murder behind the frontline in the Soviet Union during the Second World War. It does this through the analysis of Mueller's own words and the actions he describes in the voluminous correspondence he shared with his wife at the time.

Self-Portrait of a Holocaust Perpetrator examines the correspondence from the perspective of the police unit's operational history and considers Mathias Mueller's language in relation to discourses and discursive elements of the Third Reich. Schnell reflects on the personalities behind the letters, Mathias and Meta, and the rules of their 'correspondence game'. He also goes on to consider the narrative strategies Mueller uses to convince his wife that he has an important role to fulfil in the East, without openly talking about what he and his comrades actually were doing. For though Mueller was very much in line with the ideas and aims of the NS-leadership, his wife was not, and he had to navigate this problem skilfully in the correspondence.

The book is a unique and revealing study of a lower-rank Holocaust perpetrator that will enrich the understanding of all students and scholars of the Holocaust and the Second World War.

This volume focuses on how the national elites in Central and South-Eastern Europe perceived the peasantry during the process of building the modern state and democratic political systems. The central theme of the discussion is the integration of peasants into the political system, with the aim of transforming them from the dependent subjects of various public figures to active citizens. The politicization of the rural world, in terms of increasing peasants' participation in public affairs and their identification with ideas concerning the "common good," was integral to the modern transformation of societies in these regions. The studies in this volume examine the relationship between the peasantry and central and local state institutions, such as the administration, schools and the army; associations of all kinds; and social figures, including intellectuals, teachers, local notables and priests, who sought to uplift the rural world as part of the modernization agenda.

American Freedom: The Basics explores ideals of freedom as they have been conceived, debated, practiced, and struggled for in the United States from the Revolutionary War to the present day.

Across ten chapters, the book addresses these core concepts: the nation's revolutionary ideals and actualities; slavery and emancipation; and territorial expansion and demographic change. It goes on to discuss economic liberty, Native American survivance, women's liberty and other modern freedom movements, finally addressing the issues around guns and freedom, American incarceration, and freedom across the Information Age. Taken together, these chapters offer an introduction to the subject of American freedom that charts - and reveals intersections between - critical ideas, events, figures, and cultural phenomena. The book provides an orienting view useful in guiding future explorations, along with a compelling sense of why such explorations matter. Examining ideals of freedom brings us to the center of debates about what being an American has meant - and might yet mean. Those debates are, this book argues, intensely vital and relevant today.

Readable and concise, featuring chapter summaries and discussion questions, this book will be useful for undergraduate students of American History, American Politics, American Cultural Studies, and American Literature.