社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

This book is about development, reform and sustainability in child protection systems. Tackling deep and enduring challenges that confront child protection and child welfare systems across international jurisdictions, the book addresses two critical questions - why is it so difficult to develop and sustain responsive systems of child protection? And what can be done to support effective system reform?

Informed by universally applied concepts of child protection typology-building within a systemic framework, this book brings together a team of international authors who take a fresh look at the concept and realities of change in country-specific child protection systems. Exploring these experiences, the editors identify three broad approaches to change: Development-Focused Change; Reform-Focused Change; and System-Improvement Change. Based on this analysis, they argue that stable and enduring solutions that are culturally responsive to the needs of diverse populations will not be found through repetitive processes of critique, review and reform. What is needed, whether the system is newly or well established, is an in-depth understanding of systemic change itself and the practical ways in which this influences a system trajectory in both positive and negative ways. This book addresses this need.

The challenging environment within which child protection exists and the significant costs of developing, reforming and maintaining child protection systems, creates a critical imperative in contemporary systems of child protection for an understanding of effective reform, and a need to learn from other systems about how effective reform can be sustained. Given the ubiquitous nature of welfare reform, there has never been a more important time to apply a systemic lens. Mapping trajectories of change, the authors of the 15 country-specific-chapters of this contributed volume provide a uniquely different approach to the task of developing, reforming and maintaining child protection systems.

Trajectories of Change in Child Protection Systems is relevant reading for child welfare policy and practice workers, managers and activists, as well as scholarly audiences and students interested in child and family welfare and children's rights.

While social oppression is typically framed in terms of prejudice and hate, D. Travers Scott contends that discrimination against marginalized groups is often rooted in a shockingly banal perspective: they simply get in the way.

Focusing primarily on disabled persons and queer persons in addition to other marginalized demographics including non-Christians and the aged, this book draws on histories and discourses of industrialization, technology, and modernist ideals of efficiency to propose a theory of discriminatory convenience.

Convenient Discrimination places representations of queerness and disability in media texts ranging from Appalachian folk songs to The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974) within the context of both historic and contemporary discussions surrounding health, media, technology, and social movements to form a variety of compelling case studies. These analyses are further bolstered by Scott's own autoethnographic accounts as a queer, formerly disabled activist-scholar.

This book skillfully combines media studies and archival research to articulate a nuanced cultural politics of convenient discrimination, ultimately demonstrating the utility of inconvenience as an analytic.

Provides a comprehensive foundation for advancing social work practice in today's complex health care systems

Health social work stands at the intersection of healthcare delivery, social justice, and human well-being-fields that are increasingly interconnected as global health systems confront deep structural inequities. Handbook of Health Social Work, Fourth Edition, provides the theoretical grounding, practical tools, and cross-disciplinary insights needed to address these urgent challenges. Reflecting the latest developments in health policy, integrated care, and social determinants of health, the book offers a wellness-oriented, evidence-based framework for practice across a range of settings and populations.

Authored by leading experts, this fully updated edition expands on previous work to reflect the evolving realities of today's health landscape. New material explores the implications of technologies such as AI and machine learning for social work ethics and practice, health policy reforms, climate-related health impacts, and the role of social workers in responding to pandemics, political conflicts, and climate-related health crises. The Handbook also introduces critical updates on Medicaid expansion, the Child Tax Credit, and other key policy shifts, while offering fresh insights into transdisciplinary collaboration and the integration of genetic knowledge in client care.

The definitive guide to promoting health equity and improving outcomes through leadership and innovation, Handbook of Health Social Work:

• Explores social work's expanding role within transdisciplinary health care teams
• Emphasizes a wellness-based, strengths-oriented approach grounded in evidence-based models
• Discusses the interface between genetics, health, and social work practice
• Includes learning exercises, research recommendations, and life-course perspectives in every chapter

Supporting advanced study within social work, public health, and health policy programs, Handbook of Health Social Work, Fourth Edition, is ideal for master's and doctoral-level courses such as Social Work in Health and Mental Health, Clinical Practice in Illness & Healthcare, and Social Welfare Policy and Services. It is also an essential reference for social workers, clinicians, and cross-disciplinary health professionals engaged in direct practice, administration, or policy development.

Integrating taxation and welfare, this book presents a framework for income policy design to balance equity, freedom, and efficiency. UBI from Idea to Reality outlines a policy combining three mechanisms: a prototype universal basic income (UBI), a negative income tax (NIT)-type basic income, and a universal earned income tax credit (EITC). The authors use survey and administrative data to evaluate the feasibility of this package and its effects on inequality and labor incentives. While tailored to South Korea, the methodology and theoretical framework are applicable to other national contexts.

This book theorises how social work, as a theoretical and practical discipline, could be brought into a critical dialogue with the concept of democracy. The issue is particularly acute since anti-democratic forces are now democratically elected in several European nations, implying that social work institutions are increasingly steeped according to neoliberal and anti-democratic logic. The book elaborates on a response to this trend by showing how social work can avoid the traps of contemporary discourse by which democracy is to be protected with repressive means. In elaborating on democracy as inextricably related to justice, emancipation and equality, this book explores democracy as a liberating force much closer to the spirit and tradition of critical and radical social work. By endorsing a view of democracy as contradictory, paradoxical, and based on dissensus, this book frames social work as a democratic force in the struggle for justice and equality.

This book offers a multi-dimensional account of why the third sector (associations, foundations, cooperatives, social enterprises and related non-profit organizations) differs so markedly across European countries. Combining historical-institutional, political-economic, moral-cultural, legal-regulatory and structural-economic perspectives, it links values, cleavage histories, welfare-state design and institutionalized state-civil-society relations to observable national patterns of third-sector structure, function and behaviour. The volume pairs conceptual innovation with an original empirical programme (cluster analysis, multi-level modelling and policy-field case comparisons) and shows how different "third-sector regimes" arise from interactions between welfare institutions, moral logics, and economic contexts. It will be of interest to scholars and policy makers who want theory-driven, evidence-based explanations of cross-national variation in non-profit size, welfare provision by third-sector actors, organizational hybridity and the democratic role of civil society.

This book re-examines drug control through the lens of health and human rights. It offers the first comprehensive and systematic analysis of the international drug control regime from its inception to the present day. It traces the development of this system through a detailed examination of all major treaties, conventions, and institutional mechanisms. Written accessibly and drawing on archival research and documentary analysis, this book explores how colonial legacies have shaped international drug control, from the 1909 Shanghai Opium Commission to the present-day policies under the UN, which are discussed in relation to good health and access. It provides an in-depth investigation of the key negotiations, alliances, and geopolitical interests that have influenced drug governance, highlighting how securitisation and prohibition have often taken precedence over public health and equitable access to essential medicines. This work will be of interest to scholars and policymakers in history, international law, international relations, global governance, drug policy, and post-colonial studies. By offering an unprecedented level of detail and synthesis, it fills a critical gap in the literature and provides a much-needed reference for understanding the long-term impacts of international drug control.

This book brings together the latest research on menopause and digital health technology. It provides an overview of the emerging digital technology landscape with regards to the menopause and provides valuable insights into the role digital technology can play in supporting women through menopause. The book includes an introduction to some of the digital technologies currently supporting menopause, empirical insights into women's experiences of using digital technology to support menopause, an understanding of key features of information and support in menopause and how different platforms relate to these different features. It outlines the changing landscape of digital menopause information alongside identification of ongoing and future research considerations, alongside a critical perspective on the claims of menopause technologies and foregrounds women's experiences of menopause in relation to digital technology.

Across the nineteenth century, what counted as a beneficial medical intervention narrowed considerably. Diagnostic acts like listening to a patient's heartbeat or performing a physical examination became the norm for medical doctors, while physical acts of care-such as feeding a patient or listening to her stories-were gradually relegated to realms outside of effective medical treatment. Yet Victorian thinkers worried that something was lost when hospitals and
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medical practitioners forsook these kinds of pragmatic and holistic practices of care. Thus many argued that such care had a vital-even life-saving-role after the acute phase of illness had passed. Convalescent care thus supplemented scientific medicine by supplying the kind of tailored, interpersonal caregiving that scientific medicine gradually abandoned. Convalescent, or post-acute care, began when a physician stopped seeing a patient daily, and it was generally supplied by experienced women, including professional nurses, philanthropic volunteers, familial caregivers, and servants. This volume thus introduces convalescence and its caregiving practices as a way to contextualize scientific medicine and its limitations in addressing the systemic ill-health of industrialization, urbanization, and imperial expansion.
Convalescent care was not merely about physical recovery. Time and again, contemporary thinkers link the benefits of convalescence to the mental rest provided by a period of post-acute relaxation. In fact, many experts saw convalescent leisure as a key antidote to the stressors of modern life itself. Contemporary medical patients, they reasoned, needed to recover not only from their specific disease or condition but also from the systemic stressors of overwork, urban pollution, social isolation, and mental exhaustion that characterized the industrial age. Indeed, this reasoning spawned a host of philanthropic convalescent homes that extended this seeming luxurious care to work-class patients. By exploring such a nexus of issues, this volume explores precisely how common life experiences like work, stress, mental strain, leisure, and social relationships were historically stripped out of the medical purview in ways that still have repercussions for today's healthcare.

While convalescence connoted a temporary experience of recuperation after a serious illness, invalidism was pictured as an ongoing-and perhaps endless-experience of ill-health. Invalids, then, were those whose conditions appeared to derive no benefit from scientific medicine's interventions. Yet nineteenth-century invalidism was not so dire a condition as this definition seems to imply. The assumption of chronicity meant that invalids were freed from what sociology has termed "the sick role," the set of obligations assigned to medical patients (the most significant of which, in Western cultures, is to try to get better). This volume explores the paradoxical freedom provided by invalidism in the nineteenth century. Under the surety of this label, middle-class invalids travelled the world, ailing soldiers insisted upon returning home, working-class sufferers abstained from strenuous work, and lay patients developed and advertised their own health regimens. Perhaps most counter-intuitively, invalidism created space for educated women to forsake household duties and take on the roles of professional writers and public intellectuals.
Freed from the scrutiny of the medical gaze, invalids were able to create distinct subcultures and communities. By highlighting not just the afflictions, but also the opportunities, of chronic ill-health in nineteenth-century sources, this volume reveals that the iconic Victorian invalid is not the isolated shut-in we so often imagine, but a dynamic figure immersed in-and contributing to-contemporary debates about health, climate, industrialization, city planning and globalization.

Interrogating the notion of medical knowledge and public health practices in colonial India, this volume explores the complex encounters between Western medical systems and indigenous healing traditions during British rule. The book examines how colonial medical institutions functioned as instruments of both care and control, while indigenous practices retained their relevance among the masses. Through detailed case studies including W.M. Haffkine's plague vaccine campaigns, the Rockefeller Foundation's public health interventions, and the evolution of medical research under colonial constraints, the book reveals the multifaceted nature of medical encounters at various sites between 1820 and 1920. The analysis extends to examining the Indian Medical Gazette as a mirror reflecting contemporary medical debates, the contours of medical research in a colonial laboratory, and comparative perspectives from other colonies in Southeast Asia and East Africa. The work demonstrates how medical knowledge became a contested terrain where scientific advancement, colonial politics, and indigenous resistance intersected.

This book will be of significant interest to historians of medicine, colonial studies scholars, public health professionals, sociologists, and policy planners seeking to understand the historical foundations of contemporary medical systems in South Asia. It offers valuable insights for postgraduate students and researchers in medical history, colonial history, public health, and South Asian studies.

How forty years of neoliberal policy choices created an American health care system that prioritizes profit over people.

How can a nation with unmatched wealth and medical innovation also have the highest health care costs and the poorest health outcomes among its peers? In America's Wrong Turn, John E. McDonough offers a compelling explanation for this troubling puzzle of contemporary US life and shows that this reality did not arise by accident.

Beginning in the later twentieth century, a powerful political and economic philosophy began to reshape the United States and continues to mold the institutions that govern health care, insurance coverage, and population health. Across four decades, the rise of neoliberal thinking elevated privatization, deregulation, and profit maximization as guiding principles for public policy. McDonough illustrates how these ideas influenced medical care at every level, altering government roles, accelerating consolidation, encouraging the financialization of once-mission-driven sectors, and shifting the US health system's priorities away from patients and communities. The consequences of these changes include deepening inequality, eroded public health capacity, and a growing burden of medical debt.

Synthesizing history, policy analysis, and the lived realities of the American health system, McDonough reveals how a national commitment to economic freedom above all else set the stage for today's dysfunctional health care system. Despite today's crises, he also highlights emerging efforts that signal the possibility of a new direction, one based on fairness, accountability, and the restoration of health as a public value. America's Wrong Turn offers a framework for understanding how the United States arrived at this moment and what it will take to create a system worthy of the people it serves.

Participatory Governance, Social Work and Social Policy explores the intersection of participatory governance, inclusive social welfare, social work, and artificial intelligence in the transformation of social services systems worldwide.

Rooted in the experiences and insights of professionals such experts, policy practitioners, and civic innovators, the book provides a timely examination of how digital tools, especially AI, are reshaping civic engagement, helping professions such as social work, democratic accountability, and welfare systems worldwide. Based on outcomes from the Ronda meetings of experts in 2024 and 2025, as well as a UN side event seminar aligned with the annual session of the Commission for Social Development in 2025, this volume offers theoretical grounding, comparative case studies, and practical recommendations. Addressing global trends such as post-COVID recovery, climate transitions, population aging, and digital transformation, with a special focus on ensuring inclusivity, equity, and ethical use of AI, it also analyses the problems related to social protection and social services in different contexts, with special attention to the problems of local administrations, which in many countries are responsible for the provision of social services.

This book is essential reading for all scholars, students, and professionals working in social work, social policy and governance looking to build welfare systems that are not only technologically advanced, but also equitable, transparent, and genuinely responsive to community needs.

How Western nutrition science defined difference as disease in modern China.

For more than a century, Western observers have treated Chinese foodways as evidence of deficiency, danger, or backwardness. In Nutritional Imperialism, Hilary A. Smith shows how these assumptions entered the heart of modern nutrition science and reshaped understandings of health, diet, and difference. Nutrition scientists, physicians, and policymakers presented Western dietary patterns as universal benchmarks of health and transformed ordinary physiological variation into signs of pathology.

Beginning in the late nineteenth century, Western researchers compared Chinese diets to Euro-American norms and framed rice-based, low-dairy, and low-meat eating patterns as evidence of weakness. Over time, these judgments hardened into scientific claims about vitamin deficiency, protein insufficiency, lactose intolerance, and alcohol metabolism-each treated as a disorder requiring intervention. The book follows these ideas from the early twentieth century to the early twenty-first, showing how Chinese scientists and officials both adopted and contested nutritional standards shaped elsewhere.

Through detailed historical cases, Nutritional Imperialism calls for closer scrutiny of how science defines normalcy. The book offers a powerful reminder that expertise is never neutral-and that nutritional standards carry political consequences long after their origins are forgotten.

Navigating Disability, HIV, Relationships and Abuse for Christian Women in Nigeria contains poignant stories of formidable women who, because of their gender and disabilities, were sexually assaulted and infected with HIV by people known to and loved by them. Focusing on the Christian women of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, the book brings together the often under-represented voices of women with disabilities and HIV in an under-researched area of Nigeria.

Fubara-Manuel builds on long-term ethnographic research to bring together the isolated cases of disability, HIV, gender-based violence and Christianity in sub-Saharan Africa. In so doing, she critically examines the perpetuation of rape culture and the role of faith communities and support groups in shaping women's responses. The author's work moves beyond victimhood frameworks to document the agency of women living with both disability and HIV, and their resilience and faith-based solidarities as resources for survival, resistance, and liberation from abuse.

The book advocates a conversation between men and women for the dismantling of patriarchal structures that promote and legitimise the rape culture perpetrated against women by men. By integrating lived theology, gender analysis, and disability studies, this book advances existing literature through relational and narrative-driven accounts that re-centre marginalised voices and rethink the role of Christian faith in contexts of sexual violence.

EPUB and EPDF available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence.

From small beginnings in the 1960s, the carers' movement has grown into an international network of not-for-profit organisations. The first to analyse its development from a global perspective, this book spans 60 years of mobilisation and campaigns.

Based on research and testimony from leading figures, the book covers the movement's expansion and interconnections in the UK, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the US and parts of Asia. Showing how carers' organisations have raised awareness and shaped policy and research agendas, it offers a critical assessment of the movement's achievements and prospects at a time when care remains a pressing global issue.