労働経済・労働問題 — 全 下位分類

This open access book explores employers' interests in international labour migration, arguing that employers' interests have consistently been a major force shaping and directing international labour migration in market economies.

Employers' interests have been underestimated in part due to the lack of an appropriate theory. This book offers a comprehensive theoretical framework for studying employers' interests in labour migration. It does this by building on neo-institutionalist concepts, and proposing a framework for classifying institutions relevant to employers' pursuit of their interests in this domain.

Contributors utilise qualitative document analysis, political discourse analysis, and in-depth interviews with representatives of employers' organisations and other actors knowledgeable about employers' interests. By looking at historical events on several continents, and subsequently focusing on four European countries: the UK, Germany, Italy and Poland, this book demonstrates that employers' interests have consistently been the reason behind international labour migration, even if they manifest themselves differently depending on the institutional environment of the particular country. This counters the dominant public narratives of today, which treat migration primarily as a security issue. By putting the spotlight on employers and offering a theoretical framework for analysing their interests and activities, this book hopes to rectify the imbalance in both academic and public discussions concerning labour migration and the forces that shape it.

Lebanon hosts the highest number of refugees per capita in the world, including up to 1.5 million displaced Syrians. Many are Syrian farmworkers, who for decades have sustained Lebanon's agricultural system through their seasonal labor. Debt and Refuge traces how the lives of these farmworkers-turned-refugees were transformed by the war in Syria and Lebanon's devastating financial collapse, revealing the slow economic violence that can push people off their land, into waged work, and into cycles of debt.

Drawing on fieldwork centered in Lebanon's Bekaa Valley, China Sajadian documents how Syrian farmworkers' debts - to labor brokers, landlords, and relatives - bound them to networks that exploited their labor and also sustained them in the face of profound uncertainty. In contrast to humanitarian portrayals of refugees as uprooted victims awaiting asylum or return, Sajadian locates their predicaments within a longer history of rural migration and familial division across the Lebanese-Syrian border. Linking together the politics of mass displacement, mass indebtedness, and our global food system, she makes a case for radically rethinking forced migration as an agrarian question of labor and feminist question of social reproduction. Written with both ethnographic intimacy and analytical depth, Debt and Refuge offers a deeply human portrait of the gendered politics of displacement and why they matter to the future of our agricultural systems and human mobility-in Lebanon, Syria, and beyond.

This book offers a comprehensive and pedagogically grounded examination of disability and work in Italy, reframing labour inclusion not only as an employment policy issue but as a matter of social participation, human development, and democratic citizenship. Drawing on special pedagogy, the authors shift attention from individual impairment to the relational dynamics between people, activities, and work environments.

The volume traces the cultural, historical, and legislative evolution of Italian approaches to labour inclusion, highlighting the shift from welfare-oriented models to frameworks centred on recognition, autonomy, and substantive equality. It maps the professional roles that support workplace integration and examines how organisations interpret and enact accessibility across physical-environmental, organisational, and relational dimensions. Building on this foundation, the book presents findings from an inter-university research project that investigates accessibility practices within Italian companies, from onboarding and workplace adjustments to organisational climate and the awareness of employers and internal stakeholders.

By weaving together theoretical reflection, legal analysis, and empirical evidence, the authors argue for a structural and educational approach to inclusion; one that understands accessibility as a design principle shaping policies, organisational cultures, and everyday professional relationships. This concise and action-oriented volume is essential reading for scholars, educators, policymakers, HR professionals, and practitioners committed to building inclusive workplaces and advancing disability rights in Italy and beyond.

When walking through Istanbul, one almost inevitably encounters informal waste pickers who clean up the city with their large, heavily loaded hand trucks. Many of them are male undocumented recycling workers from Afghanistan and Pakistan. This book analyzes their living and working conditions. Based on the results of ethnographic field studies, it examines how Afghan*Pakistani recycling workers are disenfranchised by the interaction of different border regimes between Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, Turkey and the EU. It scrutinizes how, in this situation, they negotiate the fine line between exploitation and vulnerability on the one hand and agency and solidarity on the other hand in a highly precarious setting. The study highlights how they (re)produce a specific recycling infrastructure of transit through their everyday practices that ensures their survival in the transit space of Istanbul and facilitates their potential onward movement to the EU. The author understands their migrant waste picking practices as part of urban border struggles and illustrates how the infrastructure of transit that they (re)produce contributes to constituting Turkey as a migration society.

This open access book develops a Marxist account of artificial labour. Using Marx's definition of labour from Capital, Kelly proposes three possibilities for the future. The Standard Marxian Line denies that artificial labour is possible and instead predicts that AI will lead to overproduction, unemployment, and the need for capitalism to expand. Artificial Feudalism predicts that AI will generate artificial labour, but that it will remain enmeshed within existing platforms and property relations. Double Freedom for Robots proposes that capitalism will drive the development of bona fide artificial labourers: robots that are legally emancipated but practically dependent on capital.

Free Robot Labour uses Marxist theory to argue for a radical conclusion: AI won't just increase the productivity of human labour, it will lead to the creation of machines capable of labouring.

With perspectives from across EU Member States, the book evaluates initiatives implemented at company, sectoral and institutional levels. Chapters examine the energy transition as a systemic transformation affecting employment, skills, work organisation, regional development and socio-environmental sustainability. The authors emphasise that industrial relations and a structured social dialogue are crucial determinants of both the legitimacy and the societal acceptance of ecological transformation processes.

This book will be of great value to scholars of industrial relations and labour studies, sustainability transitions and environmental governance. Policy makers will also benefit from its actionable recommendations for supporting the design of effective just transition strategies.

Introducing 'cosmopolitans' as a growing group of global citizens, the book examines how this group values openness and cultural diversity and views this identity as a source of empowerment. Contributing authors discuss Finland as an in-depth case study, highlighting the country's acute need for international talent while acknowledging cultural and linguistic barriers to inclusion. The growing complexity of global mobility is also addressed considering technological advances, political tensions, pandemics and shifting legal frameworks. Ultimately, the book emphasises, and argues for, the importance of mobility in today's society.

The Many Faces of Global Mobility is a key resource for scholars and students in international business, management and migration studies, especially those seeking a greater understanding of contemporary mobility and the future of work. Practitioners and policy makers concerned with migration, inclusion and demographic challenges will also find its insights invaluable.

Chapters evaluate the impact of inequalities between individuals, in terms of personal abilities and access to productive positions, on labour-market rewards. Contributors also examine the issue on a global scale, demonstrating how skills, institutions and technological change drive economic growth and cross-national variation in inequality. The book reveals how the subject is deeply rooted in historical growth patterns, connecting work-life inequality to broader societal transformations including political shifts, demographic change and global development.

Understanding Work-Life Inequality is a vital resource for scholars and students of sociology, psychology, economics, political science and philosophy. Policymakers and practitioners in human relations and business management will also benefit from its practical insights.

Focusing on Australia, Canada and the USA, Edward Mohr analyses 40 recruiter regulations passed by subnational and local governments, finding that the laws predominantly rely, soley, on either migrant workers, labour recruiters or a government agency for enforcement. The book then examines 130 years of history from the industrial revolution to the modern era, analysing how governments in the three federations formed their relationships with the recruiters they depend upon to manage movement. By highlighting the critical role private-sector recruiters play in migrant movement, and spotlighting the challenges for governments in regulating them, this book makes a highly significant and urgently needed contribution to the field of migration governance.

Students and scholars of migration, public policy, international politics and sociology must read this book to enhance their understanding of global migration management. Policymakers, migration regulation experts and labour historians will also benefit from its comprehensive assessment of international recruitment regulation.

Worker Voices and Psychological Health brings together research-based evidence with worker testimonies to show how modern working life shapes psychological wellbeing.

The book begins with a selective history of work and a clear explanation of wellbeing that integrates hedonic (feeling good) and eudaimonic (meaning and purpose) perspectives. It goes on to trace how work has changed, clarifying what psychological wellbeing really means, and showing how job demands, autonomy, resources and support shape stress, work life balance and work performance. First-person accounts from a diverse range of job holders, including those in senior management, administrative roles, skilled trades, caring and service work, operatives, and elementary occupations, reveal the everyday pressures and practical conditions that help workers cope, recover and thrive. Looking ahead to a future AI-enabled economy, the book concludes by considering those jobs that may be at risk, and those that are likely to evolve and flourish.

Grounded in the words of real workers and connecting psychosocial factors with the day-to-day realities of working life, the book will appeal to anyone interested in the contemporary workplace, including students of organisational psychology, health psychology, occupational health, mental health, and human resource management, as well as professionals in these fields.

Explores the decades-long erosion of the American Dream from the author's perspective: a working-class kid who became a celebrated economist dedicated to advancing the interests of struggling workers, while also caught in the same currents of job insecurity and downward mobility as the people he aimed to defend.

Worker insecurity, increasing inequality, and downward mobility in our current era contrast sharply with expanding prosperity and opportunity in the first three decades after World War II. What happened? And what can we do to revitalize the American Dream, reduce worker precarity, and foster broadly shared prosperity?

In this historical account of a protracted and expanding national crisis, intertwined with a personal story about growing up in a work-obsessed family and pursuing a career devoted to addressing that crisis, Charles J. Whalen grapples with the social forces that sever the link between hard work and employment success. He exposes the obstacles that mar the path of many people seeking job opportunities and traces the fading of the American Dream, ultimately encouraging readers to take a fresh look at the current economic situation and championing a more constructive set of public policies to shape the future.

Global experts pair practical examples with theoretical analysis to reflect on contemporary challenges and social issues such as the rise of the gig economy, algorithmic management, climate-related disruptions, poverty and inequality. Chapters engage with diverse case studies from across Africa, Asia and Europe to highlight both universal and regional challenges in achieving sustainable careers and decent work. Contributors also draw from various disciplines to align with broader sustainable development goals and social justice objectives.

The Research Handbook on Decent Work is an essential read for students and academics in sociology, psychology, economics and labour studies. International organisations, NGOs and policymakers in employment relations will equally benefit from the pairing of theoretical frameworks and actionable recommendations.

This book analyses the structuring role that gender plays for accessing work, experiencing work, and working conditions in Pakistan.

Considering how these structures have been challenged and changed, the collection provides a fine-grained engagement with the role of gender at work in Pakistan against the backdrop of policy and academic discourses that often invisibilise the work and employment of women and transgender persons while normalising a male breadwinner model and masculine norms in and beyond the workplace. The book engages explicitly with feminist thought from South Asia and informs wider feminist discourses with fresh perspectives from Pakistani thinkers. Chapters straddle the analysis of occupations as diverse as agricultural labour, home-based industrial outwork, and domestic and unpaid care work. In line with transnational feminist thought, this book contextualises gendered labouring practices whilst paying attention to how gendered relations at work are embedded within cross-border dynamics, colonial histories and the global political economy. This wide perspective includes a critical engagement with neoliberal discourses around women's paid employment as empowerment and the celebration of women's entrepreneurship. Taking on board how gender can become a resource for resistance, this book counters and complicates the trope of 'victimised' Southern or Muslim women.

Informed by disciplines including organisation theory, sociology, economics and social psychology, and including contributions from practitioners, government and NGO workers and academics, this book will be of interest to scholars and professionals concerned with challenging binary notions of gender in the workplace, and how this is complicated through the intersections of gender with ethnic, class, caste, religious, generational and other social divisions and hierarchies in the global South.

Senhu Wang unveils how managers have quietly normalised relentless overwork within China's tech giants and how this same strategy is now spreading globally. From the open-plan offices of Shenzhen to remote teams worldwide, this book exposes the subtle tactics that transform ambition into exhaustion: unattainable goals masked as passion, constant surveillance disguised as collaboration, and the glorification of work as a moral virtue.

Drawing on years of fieldwork, interviews, and four major theoretical frameworks, it reveals how macro-level forces shape daily realities through the often-overlooked middle layer of management. The chapters offer a detailed roadmap of the hidden mechanisms that keep knowledge workers tied to their screens long after official hours, while also providing practical insights into where meaningful resistance can emerge.

Essential reading for scholars in the sociology of work, management studies, and labour in the digital age, this book will also resonate with policymakers, HR leaders, union organisers, and burned-out employees seeking the first comprehensive explanation of how overwork has endured despite laws, campaigns, and technological "solutions" and, most importantly, what it will truly take to end it.

How do working mothers in Japan experience the tension between employment and child-rearing? Drawing on in-depth interviews with 55 working mothers, this book offers a compelling account of women's struggles under "neoliberal motherhood" in contemporary Japan. By comparing university-educated and non-university-educated women, it reveals subtle yet consequential class-based differences in how mothers balance childcare, housework, and paid work.

The book shows how motherhood ideologies, economic constraints, unequal spousal support, workplace norms and practices, intersect to shape women's everyday lives. In particular, it brings into focus the often-overlooked challenges faced by non-university-educated women and by situating these experiences within Japan's strong child-centered ideology, the book examines how mothers navigate pervasive expectations of intensive mothering and develop strategies to cope with them. In doing so, it reframes what are often seen as individual struggles as structurally produced inequalities.

Family at Work explores how our family experience - its joys, challenges, and difficulties - affects how we take up our roles and how family dynamics can be re-enacted in the workplace.

Our family in the mind is the family we unconsciously project onto colleagues, bosses, and leaders, attributing characteristics and raising expectations from family roles we have experienced in our early life. Developing awareness and an understanding of what we project of our early experience in a work context can help to shift disruptive dynamics and allow us to be more ourselves, without feeling trapped in repeating family patterns. In this book, the author draws upon her extensive professional experience as an organisational coach and consultant to explore the impact such dynamics have on our working environment.

This is key reading for leaders, family business members, psychoanalysts, organizational consultants, psychologists, HR and business managers, and anyone who wants to understand how family dynamics affect the workplace.

The chapters explore the impact of stressors, including Artificial Intelligence, on workplace wellbeing, evaluating the concepts, history and advice necessary to comprehend the field. Hesketh and Cooper outline the key HR challenges for organisations globally and discuss how these impact performance, both in terms of productivity and financial prosperity. They provoke thought through engaging with common practices that alter the working environment, and give practical guidance for navigating and tackling change.

The Spotlight on Absenteeism, Presenteeism, and Leaveism is necessary for students and scholars in business management and organisational psychology. HR professionals, operations managers and those interested in organisational behaviour will also benefit from the focus on enriching wellbeing within working cultures.

On March 17, 2015, tens of thousands of Mexican farmworkers went on strike in San Quintin, Baja California, to protest horrible working conditions on the farms that produce most of the fresh fruits and vegetables you consume. Calling themselves the "slaves of the twenty-first century," these mostly Indigenous men, women, and children rose up in defiance of the conditions of modern slavery, forced labor, sexual harassment, and "hunger wages." This ethnography provides an in-depth look into how Indigenous farmworkers organize in the fields and their communities to improve wages and working conditions.

Since the strike, the farmworkers have organized a union to fight for justice in the fields. In this work, author James Daria accompanies these farmworkers as they struggle for dignity. Daria also charts the tensions inside the farmworker movement as women struggle to gain greater power in the home as well as at work. In an era of complex global integration, Daria shows us how what we eat is tied to the suffering of those who produce our food.

This book highlights and centers the Indigenous workers who struggle for justice in a global food system that connects us all.

A comprehensive exploration of how labor unions, broadly conceived, shape party loyalties in the American mass public.

How and why do labor unions matter for American mass party loyalties, specifically party identification and vote choice? Labor Unions and American Mass Politics marshals a wide range of survey data to test two different ways through which labor unions can shape mass party loyalties. The first is via people's personal affiliation with organized labor, such as a current/former member or household resident, while the second is via people's attitudes toward organized labor, such as whether they favor vs. disfavor unions in general. Overall, author David Macdonald shows that both are capable of shaping mass support for the Democratic Party and its various political candidates and that such relationships are also conditioned by whether people perceive labor unions and Democrats to be political allies, a connection that is lacking among a sizeable minority of Americans. Overall, Macdonald provides not only a timely analysis of mass labor politics in the early twenty-first-century United States but also shows that labor unions are politically consequential, even after decades of decline.

The Sage Handbook of Digital Labour is a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted and evolving concept of digital labour. Originally coined in Marxist analyses to explain the exploitation of user data in the digital economy, the term has since expanded to encompass a wide range of paid work influenced by digital technologies. This includes traditional jobs transformed by platforms, new roles emerging in today's digital society, and cultural producers like influencers and online creators. The handbook also addresses the material aspects of digital labour, highlighting its dependence on traditional manufacturing and manual labour.

This volume brings together leading scholars from diverse disciplines to examine the intersections of labour and digital technologies. It approaches digital labour as an interdisciplinary field of inquiry, exploring the material and ideological conditions of work in contemporary society. The handbook aims to chart the extensive territory of digital labour studies, covering theoretical traditions, key concepts, emblematic sites of production, normative cultures, and worker subjectivities. It also showcases the spectrum of worker organizing repertoires and tactics across the world.

The handbook is organized into seven sections. Section 1 highlights major theoretical traditions, while Section 2 focuses on the material sites along production chains. Sections 3 and 4 delve into key concepts and sites of production, and Section 5 explores normative cultures and worker subjectivities. Section 6 examines worker organizing tactics, and Section 7 introduces research methods for scholars in the field. The volume concludes with discussions on how digital labour studies can provide unique perspectives to imagine digital futures.

The Sage Handbook of Digital Labour is an essential resource for scholars, practitioners, and students seeking to understand the complexities of digital labour. It provides a comprehensive and nuanced exploration of the field, equipping readers to engage with the theoretical and practical aspects of digital labour in a rapidly changing world.

Part 1: Theoretical Traditions
Part 2: Material Sites of Production
Part 3: Key Concepts in Digital Labour
Part 4: Emblematic Sites of Production
Part 5: Normative Cultures and Worker Subjectivities
Part 6: Worker Organizing Repertoires and Tactics
Part 7: Research Methods in Digital Labour Studies