経済史・経営史 — 全 下位分類

By the end of the 19th century, there were already some countries in southern Europe whose economies benefitted from the arrival of tourists. But it was during the 20th century, and particularly after the Second World War, that the phenomenon of mass tourism arrived and dramatically impacted the economies of southern Europe.

This edited volume analyses when, how, and why tourism gained an important role in the economy and social life of Southern Europe. It contributes to a reassessment of mass tourism focusing on two main dimensions: first, the impact on the economic development of the different southern European countries and second, the building of a new sociality focusing on the rituals and values of middle and the working class. This book adopts a comparative approach that opens with a comparison of European countries in terms of international market share and tourist products. The other chapters focus on national case studies that allow the reader to better understand not only the similarities and differences between some countries and others, but also the phenomenon as a whole. Since tourism is a transnational phenomenon, this book makes an important contribution to not only the study of tourism development and its economy but also social, impact in Southern Europe.

The book will be of great interest to readers of economic history, business history, tourism history, and European history more broadly.

This book delivers crucial historical background in these times, as bloc-building returns to the global economy and China and Russia massively intensify their economic cooperation. It gathers global cutting-edge research on the economic exchanges in the early years of the Cold War between the newly formed People's Republic of China and Soviet Eastern Europe.

Based on multidimensional archival sources from China, Eastern Europe, and beyond, this book departs from the traditional Cold War accounts of superpowers and geopolitics and looks into economic practices: how Chinese officials tried to access foreign markets via the Leipzig trade fair, how the Soviet-modelled car industry had to be built with US-trained Chinese engineers, or how socialist bureaucrats rationalized the giant projects of factory-building in China with developing future markets for industrial products on a global scale. Such a perspective helps to understand how economic rationales and second-tier actors contributed to the forming of the short-lived but far-reaching alliance and how cooperation on the ground for a while was able to survive, while generally mutual disappointment about the quick exhaustion of the cooperation's benefits benefitted the swift split. These insights also provide a basis for rethinking the relationship between politics and economy in socialist regime-building during the Cold War.

This book will appeal to scholars and students of Cold War history, international relations, and economic history. The chapters in this book were originally published as special issue of European Review of History: Revue europeenne d'histoire.

Despite its current dominant status, economic growth emerged as a field of study and as a political objective only after the Second World War. This book provides an alternative perspective to the Anglo-centric historical analysis of growth by turning the focus on Finland and other Nordic countries from the late 19th century until the Second World War. Moreover, it provides a conceptual history perspective to how economic growth can be examined before the emergence of economic growth as a concept.

This book places Finland in the context of emerging nation-states of the early 20th-century Europe and constructs five competing growth conceptions: classical liberal, agrarian conservative, social liberal, social democratic, and communist. With a methodology derived from conceptual history, this book presents a framework to study economic growth in the context of nationalism. It showcases how ideas related to growth have not been synonymous with capitalism, but rather they have been connected to state-building and to comparison of economic systems. The findings of the book highlight the interwar period as a key turning point in historical analysis of growth.

This book provides a fresh and a thought-provoking account that will be of interest to students and scholars of economic history, history of ideas, development studies and degrowth, and history of capitalism.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

This book offers a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of China's fiscal policy since 1949. It provides an in-depth understanding of the contextual factors that shape its implementation and examines the transition logic between planned fiscal policy and market-oriented fiscal approaches.

The author introduces fiscal policy focused on national economic recovery (1949-1952), planned fiscal policy (1953-1977), fiscal policy adapted to economic transition (1978-2011), and fiscal policy in the new era (2012-present). With "fiscal balance" as the central theme, he summarizes the fundamental principles and key dynamics underpinning China's fiscal policy and presents a clear framework for understanding the evolution and strategic rationale behind the country's approach to fiscal governance.

The title will appeal to scholars of Chinese economy, comparative economics, public finance, and macroeconomics.

Scholars of credit markets have long focused on banks, but pre-modern as well as modern economies often relied on non-bank credit. This edited volume brings together international examples from across history that highlight how guilds, innkeepers, moneylenders, notaries, networks of family members and friends, and religious institutions - among others - mobilized credit before and even along banks. The volume operationalizes a common terminology and set of questions to allow for comparisons between the wide range of bank and non-bank credit arrangements across the globe and across time.? It will be of interest to financial and economic historians, economists, and many other scholars in the humanities and social sciences.

A vital re-examination of Canadian cultural and commercial history told through key fashion objects from First Nations, colonial settlers, and contemporary Canadian culture.

Traditional narratives of fashion tend to ignore sophisticated pre-colonial networks, First Nation innovations and techniques, and their contributions to colonial dress. From exquisite Chilkat weavings to the iconic Hudson's Bay Company blanket coat, by way of ribbon skirts, quilts, and a beaver-fur top hat, this rich study uses Canadian fashion objects as a research tool to illuminate neglected areas in North American fashion history.

Using vivid object-based research, O'Connell maps out pre-colonial economic networks spanning the entire continent, global colonial textile and fur trades, and the material culture of French and English migrant populations in the 'New World', and equips readers with a framework for more nuanced and inclusive histories of Canadian culture and commerce.

Unexpected, overlooked stories emerge as central to Canada's fashion history, from hybrid fashion cultures to re-used textiles in settler communities, and O'Connell highlights contemporary Canadian artists and designers who point to new possibilities to reclaim and preserve this cultural heritage.

Traces the rise and fall of the historic Black business community in Detroit
The Great Migration saw more than six million African Americans leave the US South between 1910 and 1970. Though the experiences of migrant laborers are well-known, countless African Americans also left the South to pursue entrepreneurial opportunities and viewed business as key to Black liberation. Detroit's status as a mecca for Black entrepreneurship illuminates this overlooked aspect of the Great Migration story. In Freedom Enterprise, Kendra D. Boyd uses "migrant entrepreneurship" as a lens through which to understand the entwined histories of Black-owned business, racial capitalism, and urban space.
Freedom Enterprise follows Black Southerners' journeys to Detroit during the initial wave of migration in the 1910s and 1920s, through their efforts to build a prosperous Black business community in the 1930s and 1940s, to the destruction of that community through urban renewal projects and freeway construction in the 1950s and 1960s. Combining business and social history methods to analyze an eclectic archive, Boyd chronicles migrant entrepreneurs' experiences, highlighting tales of racial and economic violence, Black women's business organizing, illegal business, communist entrepreneurs, and cooperative economics.
Boyd uses the framework of racial capitalism to examine migrant entrepreneurs' experiences in twentieth-century America. In the Jim Crow South, African Americans worried about white mobs taking away their property, wealth, and lives. Though they sought refuge in Detroit, migrant entrepreneurs subsequently faced the loss of their livelihoods and the businesses they had spent decades building to the bulldozers of state-sponsored urban redevelopment initiatives. Southern migrants' "freedom enterprise"-their undertaking of attaining freedom through business-was curtailed by the reality of operating within the confines of US racial capitalism.
In tracing Black entrepreneurs across the Great Migration, Freedom Enterprise provides important insights into African Americans' activism for racial and economic justice and continued racialized wealth disparities.

This revisionist view of late-nineteenth-century history credits Main Street, not Wall Street, with laying the foundations of modern America

In American history, the prevailing narratives of the tumultuous late-nineteenth century focus on wealthy individuals and tycoons while downplaying the very high social and economic stresses they caused.

The Age of Discontent reveals that it was not the tycoons, but rather the laborers and farmers, who in a great uprising of popular democracy reinvented the nation for the emerging industrial world never imagined by the Founders. Facing conditions far worse than previously documented, they overcame the frayed social safety net and violent opposition to pull off what the labor leader John Mitchell has described as the "Second Emancipation," which addressed a dangerously tilted playing field with government programs and legislation. Based on meticulous primary source research and integrating music, photographs, artworks, and statistical data, this sweeping history places grassroots activists and reformers-many recognized for the first time-at center stage in a fascinating success story of perseverance and commitment.

An advantageous location and entrepreneurial passion helped fuel Chicago's transformation from a fur trading post to a thriving city. Louis P. Cain's economic history places pre-1871 Chicago within the narrative of national expansion and examines infrastructure, finance, and other areas of city life. Business histories tell the story of fortunes made with essential products like meat and grain. Sketches of titans like William Ogden and Cyrus McCormick reveal how real estate, farm equipment, and other industries became engines of local growth. Cain also details public health improvements that made Lake Michigan safe as a water supply while census data informs a portrait of Chicago's population and the lives of the free Blacks and Irish immigrants at the bottom of the socioeconomic ladder.

Panoramic and up to date, Chicago before the Fire looks at how an intersection of geography, vision, and investment built a great American city.

Explores how marketers have leveraged feelings of personal familiarity in modern consumer capitalism
Our wired world connects us with corporations in ways that, just a generation ago, would have been hard to imagine. Marketers track users' habits down to the swipe and scroll; brand influencers reach out to followers in ever more personal ways. Yet, however much we may feel individually recognized (or targeted) by today's marketers, the connections they make are, in truth, fleeting and tactical. They are also nothing new. Marketplace transactions have long been mediated by interactions that blur the line between the putatively public and rational world of commerce and the supposedly private and emotional realm of personal relations. That there is an affective tenor to every sales scenario has never been a secret to talented marketers.
How, exactly, marketers have tried to set those moods by endowing commercial relationships with an aura of personal affinity is the subject of Commercial Intimacy. Its chapters explore the broad theme of commercial intimacy (that is, market-based feelings of spatial and emotional closeness) in US consumer culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the late twentieth century. They show how experiences of intimacy have been orchestrated by marketers operating at a variety of distances, from the face-to-face solicitations made by retail clerks and direct-sales agents to the long-distance appeals made by mail-order merchants, print and TV advertisers, telemarketers, and e-commerce platforms. The volume pays especially close attention to how these revenue-minded acts of ingratiation worked, how they were shaped by the technologies behind them, and how they capitalized on contemporary dynamics of gender and sexuality. At the heart of this volume, then, is the question of how our understanding of business history changes when we take the emotional, sensational, and affective dynamics of intimacy to be foundational elements of commercial persuasion.
Contributors: Samuel Backer, Jennifer M. Black, Donna J. Drucker, Isabelle Marina Held, Julie A. Johnson, Lindsay Mitchell Keiter, Stephanie Kolberg, Brenton J. Malin, Cynthia B. Meyers, Richard K. Popp, Nicole E. Weber, Wendy A. Woloson.

This is the first book to bring together groundbreaking scholarship focusing on the various ways in which famines result from political decision-making, and how the threat, occurrence, relief, or memory of famine is instrumentalized as a political and military tool.

Contributions to this volume reveal the complexities, variations, and motivations behind the instrumentalization of famine by political actors and regimes, and how the politics of perpetrating hunger and the politics of relieving it have often been intertwined. They also address how famine legacies have been subsequently politicized in public debates, educational practices, and popular media; and how these socially and politically constructed memories and myths, in turn, have shaped broader narratives about hunger and humanitarianism both in history and today.

The Politics of Famine in European History and Memory provides a crucial resource for scholars and students from all disciplines interested in the study of famines, as well as those interested in the history of war and troubled pasts more generally.

The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

This edited collection examines the historical role of business actors in climate and environmental governance since the 1970s. Through a compilation of recent, evidence-based historical research, this book unveils the origins of contemporary challenges in regulating environmental pollution. With original case studies, it offers a nuanced understanding of the environmental counter-offensive orchestrated by business leaders, associations, and think tanks post-1972, following the United Nations' pivotal Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment. Readers are presented with insights into the historical maneuvers of business entities aimed at mitigating regulatory risks, co-creating expertise, and framing the environmental debate. From revealing the tactics employed by various business actors to exploring the emergence of market-driven environmentalism, this volume offers a comprehensive exploration of the intricate dynamics shaping environmental policy. By contextualizing specificities and complexities, it enriches contemporary narratives on business influence and power dynamics within global capitalism. This book primarily caters to scholars across diverse historical disciplines, including business history, international relations, environmental history, and the history of capitalism. Additionally, it holds relevance for social scientists studying contemporary issues, policymakers grappling with environmental challenges, and those seeking a deeper understanding of the historical dimensions of climate governance.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Global Trade in the Premodern World offers an authoritative and expansive history of exchange and interaction across Eurasia from the prehistoric origins of trade to the integration of large parts of this world-system by the fifteenth century CE.

The book tackles questions that are critical to our understanding of premodern globalization. How did global trade in the premodern world take shape? Who did the trading and what motivated them? Which commodities were traded and how did different goods influence how trading networks functioned? How did geography change how and where people carried goods? How did states and communities seek to control the practice of commerce? And finally, what was the impact of trade on political structures and in the relationship between different states, empires, and communities?

Drawing on the fruits of research in history, anthropology, and archaeology, as well as primary sources produced by authors from Africa, Asia, and Europe, Global Trade in the Premodern World is a book of remarkable scope written engagingly and accessibly with scholars, students, and non-specialists in mind.

Illuminates how coffee tied the economic future of the early United States to the wider Atlantic world
Coffee is among the most common goods traded and consumed worldwide, and so omnipresent its popularity is often taken for granted. But even everyday habits have a history. When and why coffee become part of North American daily life is at the center of Coffee Nation. Using a wide range of archival, quantitative, and material evidence, Michelle Craig McDonald follows coffee from the slavery-based plantations of the Caribbean and South America, through the balance sheets of Atlantic world merchants, into the coffeehouses, stores, and homes of colonial North Americans, and ultimately to the growing import/export businesses of the early nineteenth-century United States that rebranded this exotic good as an American staple. The result is a sweeping history that explores how coffee shaped the lives of enslaved laborers and farmers, merchants and retailers, consumers and advertisers.
Coffee Nation also challenges traditional interpretations of the American Revolution, as coffee's spectacular profitability in US markets and popularity on the new nation's tables by the mid-nineteenth century was the antithesis of independence. From its beginnings as a colonial commodity in the early eighteenth century, coffee's popularity soared to become a leading global economy by the 1830s. The United States dominated this growth, by importing ever-increasing amounts of the commodity for drinkers at home and developing a lucrative re-export trade to buyers overseas. But while income generated from coffee sales made up an expanding portion of US trade revenue, the market always depended on reliable access to a commodity that the nation could not grow for itself. By any measure, the coffee industry was a financial success story, but one that runs counter to the dominant narrative of national autonomy. Distribution, not production, lay at the heart of North America's coffee business, and its profitability and expansion relied on securing and maintaining ties first with the Caribbean and then Latin America.

This book explores the transformation of market spaces in Portuguese cities during the intensification of trade driven by increasing profits from overseas exchanges, and how architectural structures and urban planning were directly impacted by these changes to accommodate the new economic dynamics.

The terminology and architectural elements of commercial spaces are analyzed to understand the organization of markets. By examining terms such as square, street, town hall, estaus, granaries, porches, arcades, balconies, and shops, the book not only maps the physical locations of these markets but also offers an interpretation of these spaces as instruments of economic control and power organization, reflecting the tensions between market efficiency and the dominance of urban elites. Based on historical documents including contracts, municipal records, and urban regulations, the book offers fresh perspectives on market spaces in Portuguese cities, highlighting the crucial role of commerce in urban transformation and in the adaptation to the increasing economic demands of this period.

This volume is intended for historians, architects, urban planners, and scholars interested in urban history, economic history, and the intersection of architecture and commerce. Its interdisciplinary approach makes it relevant for any reader seeking to understand how trade shaped cities in the early modern period.