経済史・経営史 — 全 下位分類

Explore the scientific crescendo of the Manhattan Project through newly contextualized and never-before-seen photographs from Los Alamos National Laboratory's legacy collections-some just declassified.

Twenty-one days before the world learned of the atomic bomb through its wartime use against Japan, a team of scientists led by J. Robert Oppenheimer detonated the first nuclear device on a remote stretch of New Mexico desert, in an operation codenamed Trinity. Both a military proof test and an elaborate, well-documented scientific experiment, the Trinity shot on July 16, 1945, brought under the control of humankind a new fire: the energy of the atom.

In this expertly curated journey through the beginning of the atomic age, hundreds of carefully restored photographs, still frames, and once-secret documents bring new and vivid focus to a watershed moment in science and history. Written for all to understand, Trinity weaves steadily through subplots and surprises set against the evolving, looming backdrop of a world at war. It shadows the humans and hardware at work in the rugged landscape of the test operation; dissects a fiery mushroom cloud unfurling frame by frame, frozen in time; and follows soldiers, scientists, and two atomic bombs across the Pacific Ocean to Tinian Island, onto the strike planes Enola Gay and Bockscar, and to Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the two Japanese cities devastated on August 6 and 9, 1945.

Inviting readers into the clandestine spaces where a new era began-behind the cameras, the bunker doors, the gates and guard posts-Trinity strives, grieves, celebrates, and ponders. It artfully captures that extraordinary summer when scientists invented urgently in the waning months of the "before"-and the tension between violence and progress, hope and fear, that persists into the after.

The story of a bold political experiment in nineteenth-century France to establish power through finance.

Amid the rise of industrial capitalism and revolutionary upheaval, French reformers asserted that finance should be reimagined as an instrument of economic and social transformation rather than left to the logic of private profit and speculation. In the 1850s, under Napoleon III's authoritarian regime, this vision took institutional form as the Bonapartist state strategically deployed finance, broadened market participation, and sponsored new banks with the promise of directing investment toward infrastructure and industry. Yet this effort to harness and mobilize capital ran into a problem: The financial markets refused to be tamed.

Drawing on rich archival sources-from police surveillance and courtroom transcripts to investment manuals and petitions for incorporation-Capital Untamed reveals how the financial markets became an instrument of political power, frustrated state ambitions, and ultimately escaped attempts at mastery. In this striking debut, historian Charlotte Robertson shows how the French state and its citizens navigated a turbulent era of European capitalism animated by debates over the social purpose of financial capital. Ultimately, politicians' efforts to establish legitimacy by reorganizing finance-and their confrontations with the limits of that project-set the stage for a form of modern discontent with the financial system that survives to this day.

This four-volume primary source collection examines the links between the financial world and British culture in the nineteenth-century. The twenty-first-century financial world had its origins in nineteenth-century Britain with industrialism, imperial expansion, and a robust securities market. New developments in limited liability and financial journalism democratized investment, rendering Victorian Britain a nation of shareholders. The City of London and the London Stock Exchange sat at the very centre of international finance, much as the New York Stock Exchange does today.
The history of nineteenth-century finance is also the history of culture and cultural change. Finance cut across all aspects of life in the nineteenth-century. It was central to many social and political issues, including the "woman question" (should women invest their own money?) and Liberal reform (did a laissez-faire economy adequately protect ordinary investors?) The ups and downs of the stock market were also central to the plots of Victorian novels and plays.
This multi-volume collection of primary source materials, accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, document the origins, growth, and impact of Britain's financial system.

This volume explores the practices of shopping in Europe during the long eighteenth century, a period during which consumption choices expanded to encompass much larger groups than before. Shopping functioned as an act of social distinction, where retail practices not only reflected and reinforced social aspirations and identities but also were a means of creating relationships through shared information and exchanges.

Bringing together ten diverse case studies, the collection provides in-depth insights into the transformation of shopping practices across Western and Northern Europe. The production of made-to-order goods gave way to a range of ready-made objects that could be viewed, browsed and touched in shops, booths, workshops and markets. Together, the chapters highlight a crucial historical nuance: the concept of 'shopping' as understood in England-with its associations of pleasure and socialising-did not exist in other major European languages during this period. From actors in Stockholm to aristocrats in Paris, this study rigorously contextualises the practice of consumption, leaving readers with an enriched understanding of how shopping shaped identities and social relationships throughout eighteenth-century Europe.

This collection is an essential resource for scholars, students and non-specialists interested in the material culture, economy, everyday life and social dynamics of Europe during the long eighteenth century.

This four-volume primary source collection examines the links between the financial world and British culture in the nineteenth-century. The twenty-first-century financial world had its origins in nineteenth-century Britain with industrialism, imperial expansion, and a robust securities market. New developments in limited liability and financial journalism democratized investment, rendering Victorian Britain a nation of shareholders. The City of London and the London Stock Exchange sat at the very centre of international finance, much as the New York Stock Exchange does today.
The history of nineteenth-century finance is also the history of culture and cultural change. Finance cut across all aspects of life in the nineteenth-century. It was central to many social and political issues, including the "woman question" (should women invest their own money?) and Liberal reform (did a laissez-faire economy adequately protect ordinary investors?) The ups and downs of the stock market were also central to the plots of Victorian novels and plays.
This multi-volume collection of primary source materials, accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, document the origins, growth, and impact of Britain's financial system.

From the role of sugar in the early history of the colonial era to coffee in the long nineteenth century, commodities have played a crucial role in the development of the Brazilian economy.

Drawing on the history of commodities approach, this book explores both the external and internal commodity markets since the time that Portuguese settlers established new commodity frontiers to supply global markets based on the coerced labor of the native population and of millions of enslaved Africans and their descendants. The chapters in this book each focus on a specific commodity - including cotton, leather, timber, and soy - that have shaped not only the history of Brazil but also of the wider world. Each contributor outlines how a particular export sector integrated Brazil into global circuits of trade, thus contributing to the making of the modern capitalist economy. This approach also allows for the exploration of different aspects of the extraction and production of these goods, including the various labor regimes employed and the environmental conditions and impacts that accompanied them.

The book will be of interest to all readers in economic history, especially in its intersections with social, political, cultural, and environmental processes and in the broader context of the development of global capitalism.

This book explores maritime Southeast Asia's trade development during the long nineteenth century, with a focus on the role of Singapore as a regional trade hub. Classical literature attributes the trade growth in modern Southeast Asia to the progress of Western colonisation and assumed Singapore's prosperity as a result of her status as a free port-city for British economic influence over Asia. Challenging this conventional historiography, this monograph sheds fresh light on the role of Singapore as a global entrepot.

A series of quantitative and qualitative analyses reveals that intra-Southeast Asian trade grew based on Singapore's entrepot functions, such as its ability to act as a financial hub for multilateral trade settlements. Drawing on Singapore's foreign trade statistics, including statistics of monetary imports and exports, particularly of silver, and augmented with other quantitative and qualitative sources of newspapers, where available, the book provides readers with a new understanding of Singapore's role in intra-regional trade.

In addition to Southeast Asian economic historians, this book will appeal to those working on wider themes such as global history, maritime Asian trade, and colonialism.

Modern economic growth first emerged in Britain and then spread to a few other countries in western Europe and the USA. This book argues that it is her control over India which put Britain at the apex of the world economy in the nineteenth century, and it is British policies and actions, based on her Indian foundation, which led to the globalisation of the nineteenth century - a globalisation very different from the previous globalisations in history.

Technological innovations of the nineteenth century were embedded in that globalisation process. It is this which ensured that growth and innovations would not peter out this time, as they had after various "efflorescences" in history. While the increased availability of silver from the Mexican and Peruvian mines in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and the Atlantic slave trade both had important consequences for global development, the decisive disjuncture that opened the path to modern economic growth was the British victory in the Battle of Plassey (1757), which in due course led to the colonisation of the whole of the subcontinent.

The book is likely to be of interest to a diverse readership, beyond those interested in economic history and growth economics.

This four-volume primary source collection examines the links between the financial world and British culture in the nineteenth-century. The twenty-first-century financial world had its origins in nineteenth-century Britain with industrialism, imperial expansion, and a robust securities market. New developments in limited liability and financial journalism democratized investment, rendering Victorian Britain a nation of shareholders. The City of London and the London Stock Exchange sat at the very centre of international finance, much as the New York Stock Exchange does today.
The history of nineteenth-century finance is also the history of culture and cultural change. Finance cut across all aspects of life in the nineteenth-century. It was central to many social and political issues, including the "woman question" (should women invest their own money?) and Liberal reform (did a laissez-faire economy adequately protect ordinary investors?) The ups and downs of the stock market were also central to the plots of Victorian novels and plays.
This multi-volume collection of primary source materials, accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, document the origins, growth, and impact of Britain's financial system.

This four-volume primary source collection examines the links between the financial world and British culture in the nineteenth-century. The twenty-first-century financial world had its origins in nineteenth-century Britain with industrialism, imperial expansion, and a robust securities market. New developments in limited liability and financial journalism democratized investment, rendering Victorian Britain a nation of shareholders. The City of London and the London Stock Exchange sat at the very centre of international finance, much as the New York Stock Exchange does today.
The history of nineteenth-century finance is also the history of culture and cultural change. Finance cut across all aspects of life in the nineteenth-century. It was central to many social and political issues, including the "woman question" (should women invest their own money?) and Liberal reform (did a laissez-faire economy adequately protect ordinary investors?) The ups and downs of the stock market were also central to the plots of Victorian novels and plays.
This multi-volume collection of primary source materials, accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, document the origins, growth, and impact of Britain's financial system.

Analyzing long-cycle patterns during the twentieth century, this book presents novel findings on how core features of financialization are interconnected across advanced economies.

It proposes that, since the late nineteenth century, international macroeconomic policy regimes have favored either capital or labor, giving rise to corresponding cycles of financialization and de-financialization: a liberal phase of financialization (1896-1929), a regulated phase of de-financialization (1946-1973), and a neoliberal phase of financialization (1983-2019). The book argues that these cycles can be explained through underconsumption theory in 13 advanced economies. During financialization, the study suggests inequality created a savings glut that stimulated liquidity for credit expansion, which in turn led to financial instability. Meanwhile, the lack of aggregate demand due to inequality depressed economic growth. By contrast, during the de-financialization of the regulated Bretton Woods era, credit formation did not lead to financial crises, and economic growth was high. Nevertheless, both the liberal and regulated phases succumbed to structural crises caused by internal frictions. These crises transformed not only the economy, but also the political landscape - and at times, even democracy itself. The question remains whether the neoliberal regime is also undergoing an existential crisis, and what lessons we can learn from history to avoid the pitfalls ahead.

The book is primarily aimed at scholars and students of global political economy.

Settling Debt overturns the familiar tale of early antislavery as a pure moral triumph by revealing its uneasy ties to colonial ambition and economic anxiety. Cameron Seglias shows how, from the late seventeenth century through the American Revolution, settlers and religious writers condemned slavery as a threat to their own prosperity and salvation. Debt, understood both as money owed and moral obligation, anchored their vision of freedom and shaped how they justified seizing Indigenous lands while denouncing racial bondage.

Drawing from neglected books, pamphlets, poems, and dramatic protests, like the radical acts of Benjamin Lay, Seglias weaves literary close readings with sharp historical insights to expose how freedom and dispossession were two sides of the same coin. At once readable and provocative, Settling Debt compels us to see how the language of moral debt masked the building of a colonial order rooted in inequality. In revisiting this past, Seglias offers a timely reminder: The debts of America's founding have yet to be settled.

The Routledge Handbook of Economic Expectations in Historical Perspective offers a one-stop reference that distills and summarizes the recent scholarship on economic expectations. Investigating the dynamics, effects, and determinants of economic expectations from a global perspective since the seventeenth century, this book enhances the understanding of expectation formation across time and space.

Expectations drive economic decision-making and thus offer a fundamental key to understanding economic behavior. Given the centrality of economics to society, the historical study of economic expectations is a highly relevant endeavor, for which this volume provides an accessible starting point. Featuring 33 chapters written by leading scholars from fields ranging from anthropology to political science, this handbook provides a uniquely interdisciplinary perspective. Together, the collection of essays argues that the development of economic theory and empirical research on expectation formation has not taken place in a vacuum. Rather, it must be understood as one strand in a complex entanglement of knowledge production, experiences, and economic and political decision-making, which interacted with, challenged, and transformed each other.

With its broad scope, this handbook will be of interest to students and scholars across multiple disciplines, including economic history, economics, sociology, anthropology, psychology, and political science.

This four-volume primary source collection examines the links between the financial world and British culture in the nineteenth-century. The twenty-first-century financial world had its origins in nineteenth-century Britain with industrialism, imperial expansion, and a robust securities market. New developments in limited liability and financial journalism democratized investment, rendering Victorian Britain a nation of shareholders. The City of London and the London Stock Exchange sat at the very centre of international finance, much as the New York Stock Exchange does today.
The history of nineteenth-century finance is also the history of culture and cultural change. Finance cut across all aspects of life in the nineteenth-century. It was central to many social and political issues, including the "woman question" (should women invest their own money?) and Liberal reform (did a laissez-faire economy adequately protect ordinary investors?) The ups and downs of the stock market were also central to the plots of Victorian novels and plays.
This multi-volume collection of primary source materials, accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, document the origins, growth, and impact of Britain's financial system.

It would be difficult to imagine the economic developments of the modern era without scientific knowledge. It was scientific disciplines like physics and chemistry that made the economic dynamics that followed industrialization possible in the first place, while disciplines like medicine played all kinds of roles in the economic process. This volume delves into the interplay between science and the economy since the advent of modernity.

This book explores the evolution of the Soviet space sector during the period of perestroika, presenting it as a revealing mirror of the broader political, economic, and social transformations that reshaped the late Soviet Union. It examines the dynamics behind the attempted transition from an authoritarian regime with a centralised economy to a democratic system and market-based economy, analysing the consequences of these profound shifts for the fabric of Soviet society. As the expansion of international scientific cooperation and the commercialisation of space infrastructure became central to changes in the field of cosmonautics, the book delves into the challenges of forging Soviet-European partnerships amid Cold War bloc divisions. It also traces the USSR's initial steps into the emerging global market for space goods and services. At a time when space plays an increasingly vital role in our societies, economies, and foreign policy, this book is essential reading for scholars of international relations, history, and space studies. It makes a timely contribution to ongoing debates on science diplomacy and its influence on international relations and global geopolitics.

How the computer revolution shaped our conception of rationality-and why human problems require solutions rooted in human intuition, morality, and judgment

In the 1940s, mathematicians set out to design computers that could act as ideal rational agents in the face of uncertainty. The Irrational Decision tells the story of how they settled on a peculiar mathematical definition of rationality in which every decision is a statistical question of risk. Benjamin Recht traces how this quantitative standard came to define our understanding of rationality, looking at the history of optimization, game theory, statistical testing, and machine learning. He explains why, now more than ever, we need to resist efforts by powerful tech interests to drive public policy and essentially rule our lives.

While mathematical rationality has proven valuable in accelerating computers, regulating pharmaceuticals, and deploying electronic commerce, it fails to solve messy human problems and has given rise to a view of a rational world that is not only overquantified but surprisingly limited. Recht shows how these mathematical methods emerged from wartime research and influenced fields ranging from economics to health care, drawing on illuminating examples ranging from diet planning to chess to self-driving cars.

Highlighting both the power and limitations of mathematical rationality, The Irrational Decision reveals why only humans can resolve fundamentally political or value-based questions and proposes a more expansive approach to decision making that is appropriately supported by computational tools yet firmly rooted in human intuition, morality, and judgment.

This book provides a comprehensive account of the achievements of the economic regions set up in France after the First World War. It identifies exactly how they operated, as well as critical success factors such as effective leadership. Some recent historians have taken a very negative view of the part played by these regions in economic development. This new study instead argues that they made a significant contribution and laid the foundations for the regions created in France after 1945. The key areas which they identified: transport, power generation, and technical education, have remained the preoccupations of regional governments in France and elsewhere to this day. The author covers the needs of commerce and industry, but also agriculture and tourism. Based on fresh research using a wide range of primary sources, this book will appeal to economic historians, economists, and geographers, as well as historians with a particular interest in France.

Drawing upon a unique cliometric approach, this book offers a comprehensive examination of major conflicts and their consequences. War and imperialism have shaped the modern world in profound ways, leaving an indelible mark on nations and peoples. In this book, acclaimed historian Roger L. Ransom takes readers on an engaging and insightful journey through the pivotal conflicts and power struggles that defined the era from the beginning of the twentieth century until today. From the early days of imperialism to the recent events in Russia and Ukraine, the author delves into the unanswered questions surrounding imperialism and war, shedding new light on historical debates.

Explore the rise of imperialist powers such as the USA and Germany, delve into the Russo-Japanese War and the Third Reich's thrust towards Moscow, and analyze pivotal moments like the Pearl Harbor attack and the use of the atomic bomb. With rigorous research and accessible prose, this book provides a compelling narrative that appeals to both scholars and general readers. This book is an invaluable resource for students, history enthusiasts, and anyone seeking a deeper understanding of war and imperialism in the modern era.