政治学 — 全 下位分類

Greenland provides extensive and richly illustrated, area-specific knowledge about Greenland's nature and landscape, history, culture, society and businesses as well as its towns and settlements. A total of 87 mainly Greenlandic researchers and experts have contributed with their knowledge to this book about the most essential topics from Cape Morris Jesup to Uummannarsuaq (Cape Farewell) and from Qaanaaq to Danmarkshavn.

Covering almost 2.5 million km2 and with a population of around 56,000, Greenland is the world's largest island and most sparsely populated area. Gain an insight into the history of geological formations and read about the ice sheet, which, as a result of melting and global warming, is now the subject of increased international interest. Understand the background of the marvelous icebergs at Qeqertarsuup Tunua and take the dog sled or snowmobile to the small remote and self-sufficient settlements. Take a tour of the capital of Nuuk and the other towns on the southern part of the west coast. This was where Danish-Norwegian missionary Hans Egede first set foot in 1721, and from where the Danish colonization began, which had a severe impact on Inuit culture. Read about modernization endeavors, the calls for secession, the influence of the rock band Sume and the referendums in 1979 and 2008 that led to Greenlandic self-government. Learn about the traditional culture featuring elements such as the drum dance, which has seen renewed interest and has been included on UNESCO's World Heritage List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. Greenland covers all the essentials. From the most common to the most special.

Everything you need to know about election polls can be found in this compact, conversational, and current volume. When it comes to tapping the public's opinion on candidates and issues at the ballot box, the stakes are high. Acclaimed scholars Michael W. Traugott and Paul J. Lavrakas-who also have regularly conducted polls, not just studied them-cover the latest technologies used for data collection and data analysis, including internet polls, as well as how polls are used in campaigns and media organizations.
In straightforward language and an accessible question-and-answer format, the authors cover issues such as: How do political candidates and organizations use poll data? How do news organizations collect and report polls? Why do pollsters use samples? Can internet polls really reflect a representative swath of the population? They also examine common problems and complaints about polls, such as the increasing use of "push polls" and whether polls can impact how citizens vote. Their decades of experience and insight not only answer the nuts and bolts questions, but most importantly, why it all matters in American democracy.

This book analyzes the concept of military necessity and just war thinking and argues that it should be seen as a vital moral principle for leaders.

The principle of military necessity is well understood in the manuals of modern militaries and is recognized in the war convention. It is the idea that battlefield commanders should make every effort to win on a local battlefield, within legal means, and using proportionate and discriminating weapons and tactics. Every legal textbook on war includes military necessity as a foundational principle within the jus in bello (ethics of fighting war) alongside principles of proportionality and distinction, and it is taught in every Western military academy. Even the International Committee of the Red Cross lauds the concept as a cardinal principle of warfare. However, unlike legal scholarship, one can pick up a book by almost any just war thinker in philosophy, theology, or the social sciences, and the concept is missing altogether in their literature. This volume returns military necessity to just war thinking and lays out the argument for doing so. Each contributor taps into one of the many dimensions of military necessity, such as its relationship to jus ad bellum (ethics of going to war) categories (e.g., right intention), its relationship to jus in bello categories, or its application in foreign policy and military doctrine. Case studies in the book point out the practical moral dimensions of military necessity in cases from the targeted killing of terrorists to battlefield decisions that led to the use of the atomic bomb at Hiroshima.

This book will be of interest to students of just war theory, military ethics, statecraft, and international relations.

Machiavelli on War offers a comprehensive interpretation of the philosopher-historian's treatment of war throughout his writings, from poems and memoranda drafted while he was Florence's top official for military matters to his posthumous works, The Prince and Discourses on Livy. Christopher Lynch argues that the issue of war permeates the form and content of each of Machiavelli's works, the substance of his thoughts, and his own activity as a writer, concluding that he was the first great modern philosopher because he was the first modern philosopher of war.

Lynch details Machiavelli's understanding of warfare in terms of both actual armed conflict and at the intellectual level of thinkers competing on the field of knowledge and belief. Throughout Machiavelli's works, he focuses on how military commanders' knowledge of human necessities, beginning with their own, enables and requires them to mold soldiers, organizationally and politically, to best deploy them in operations attuned to political context and changing circumstances. Intellectually, leaders must shape minds, their own and others', to reject beliefs that would weaken their purpose; for Machiavelli, this meant overcoming the classical and Christian traditions in favor of a new teaching of human freedom and excellence.

As Machiavelli on War makes clear, prevailing both on the battlefield and in the war of ideas demands a single-minded engagement in "reasoning about everything," beginning with oneself. For Machiavelli, Lynch shows, the successful military commander is not just an excellent leader but also an excellent human being in constant pursuit of the truth about themselves and the world.

The economist Kenneth Arrow proved in 1951 that a society of diverse individual preferences could only by ordered by dictatorship. His impossibility theorem is still an axiom of contemporary welfare economics and has never been seriously challenged. The American philosopher John Dewey, who died in 1952, had claimed that voting and electoral mechanisms do not define democratic self-government. His broad conception of social conflict addresses preference diversity and resolves Arrow's impossibility.
Since the 1980s, political scientists have focused on decision through democratic "deliberation." Dewey saw that conversation alone is inadequate for resolution of conflicts in a democracy. Conflict is accompanied by discourse, but preferences are grounded in habits. Social habits resist adjustment in response to discourse alone, but demonstrably adjust in the process of conflict resolution, Preference conflict is distinguished from Marxist and later models, as a discovery and transformation process. It advances an original, updated theory of social conflict in a democracy relevant to today's problematic situations from discrimination to climate change and political polarization.

Lord Acton for Our Time illuminates the thought of the English historian, politician, and writer who gave us the famous maxim: "Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely." Extracting lessons for our current age, Christopher Lazarski focuses on liberty-how Acton understood it, what he thought was its foundation and necessary ingredients, and the history of its development in Western Civilization.

Acton is known as a historian, or even the historian, of liberty and as an ardent liberal, but there is confusion as to how he understood liberty and what kind of liberalism he professed.

Lord Acton for Our Time provides an introduction that presents essentials about Acton's life and recovers his theory of liberalism. Lazarski analyzes Acton's type of liberalism, probing whether it can offer a solution to the crisis of liberal democracy in our own era. For Acton, liberty is the freedom to do what we ought to do, both as individuals and as citizens, and his writings contain valuable lessons for today.

Scholarship on Black internationalism has experienced a revival. Whilst this scholarship has increasingly turned towards examining Du Bois's thoughts on the "color line" in a global rather than national context, none do so by centering his Ethiopian-centered perspective. This book provides an examination of Du Bois's efforts to link African Americans, Afro-Caribbean, and the Pan African project to Ethiopia as a response to the emerging question of Black historical identity.

For Du Bois, Ethiopia, Ethiopian history, and its monarchial leadership were essential to resolving the global problem of the "color line". He believed that Africans in the Diaspora, especially in the United States, and Africans across Ethiopia should build reciprocal relations with Ethiopia for the benefit of the Black Race and their mutual development. Du Bois also made multiple attempts to engage and establish relations with Ethiopia and worked through official and unofficial channels to develop those relations.

By revisiting and reevaluating Du Bois's engagement strategies with Ethiopia, the book suggests ways in which his evolving Pan-Africanism might be understood differently to how it has been deployed in scholarship on Black internationalism. The book provides new perspectives on Du Bois's famous invocation of the global "color line" by uncovering his conceptual and practical reasons for specifically connecting Ethiopia to African Americans and the issues of global social and economic justice.

The tenth edition of Political Campaign Communication: Principles and Practices provides a clear and thorough survey of the strategic decisions vital to the success of contemporary political campaigns. The authors draw on a host of examples involving political campaigns at local, statewide, and national levels to illustrate all aspects of campaign communication, from forms of public address to buttons, yard-signs, and billboards, to traditional media and the use of internet and social media platforms. Throughout the volume they draw on communication theories to clearly explain contemporary political campaign practices.

Updated to reflect the most recent practices and events from the 2020 presidential campaign, the book also considers journalistic practices and ethical considerations of today.

Features of the tenth edition:
Includes examples and data from the 2020 election cycleUpdated and expanded discussion of social media platforms and practicesIncreased art and graphics program to engage students and increase information retentionExpanded discussion of the history, practice, and state of journalism todayNew chapter on local elections and offices

The Politics of Congressional Elections is the most authoritative and accessible introduction available on congressional elections and the electoral process. By pairing historical data analysis and original research with fundamental concepts of representation and responsibility, Carson and Jacobson help students develop the tools to evaluate Congress, as well as their own role in the electoral process.
The eleventh edition offers an engaging examination of congressional candidates, campaigns, and elections by incorporating coverage of the most recent elections and the changing roles of voters, incumbents, challengers, and campaign contributions. This edition also highlights the impact of the January 6th insurrection, inflation and the economy, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, infrastructure legislation, and the narrowing majorities in both chambers. Brought completely up-to-date with the latest data from the American National Election Study, the Cooperative Election Study, and the Federal Election Commission, and including coverage and analysis of the 2020 and 2022 elections, this seminal work continues to offer a systematic account of what goes on in congressional elections. Moreover, the authors' framing demonstrates how electoral politics reflect and shape other components of the American political system, with profound consequences for representative government.
Key revision highlights include:
Updated coverage through the 2022 elections including congressional primariesExpanded analysis of campaign finance and voter behavior in recent electionsUpdated figures and tables, with color versions available in the e-book and PowerPoint slidesGreater emphasis on nationalized politics and a return to more party-centered electionsEnhanced analysis of congressional elections data back to the pre-Civil War era.

In The Commander-in-Chief Test, Jeffrey A. Friedman offers a fresh explanation for why Americans are often frustrated by the cost and scope of US foreign policy-and how we can fix that for the future.

Americans frequently criticize US foreign policy for being overly costly and excessively militaristic. With its rising defense budgets and open-ended "forever wars," US foreign policy often appears disconnected from public opinion, reflecting the views of elites and special interests rather than the attitudes of ordinary citizens.

The Commander-in-Chief Test argues that this conventional wisdom underestimates the role public opinion plays in shaping foreign policy. Voters may prefer to elect leaders who share their policy views, but they prioritize selecting presidents who seem to have the right personal attributes to be an effective commander in chief. Leaders then use hawkish foreign policies as tools for showing that they are tough enough to defend America's interests on the international stage. This link between leaders' policy positions and their personal images steers US foreign policy in directions that are more hawkish than what voters actually want.

Combining polling data with survey experiments and original archival research on cases from the Vietnam War through the occupations of Iraq and Afghanistan, Friedman demonstrates that public opinion plays a surprisingly extensive-and often problematic-role in shaping US international behavior. With the commander-in-chief test, a perennial point of debate in national elections, Friedman's insights offer important lessons on how the politics of image-making impacts foreign policy and how the public should choose its president.

In Unraveling the Gray Area Problem, Luke Griffith examines the US role in why the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty took almost a decade to negotiate and then failed in just thirty years. The INF Treaty enhanced Western security by prohibiting US and Russian ground-based missiles with maximum ranges of 500 to 5,500 kilometers. Significantly, it eliminated hundreds of Soviet SS-20 missiles, which could annihilate targets throughout Eurasia in minutes. Through close scrutiny of US theater nuclear policy from 1977 to 1987, Griffith describes the Carter administration's masterminding of the dual-track decision of December 1979, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) initiative that led to the INF Treaty. The Reagan administration, in turn, overcame bureaucratic infighting, Soviet intransigence, and political obstacles at home and abroad to achieve a satisfactory outcome in the INF negotiations.

Disagreements between the US and Russia undermined the INF Treaty and led to its dissolution in 2019. Meanwhile, the US is developing a new generation of ground-based, INF-type missiles that will have an operational value on the battlefield. Griffith urges policymakers to consider the utility of INF-type missiles in new arms control negotiations. Understanding the scope and consistency of US arms control policy across the Carter and Reagan administrations offers important lessons for policymakers in the twenty-first century.

Indirect Rule examines how states indirectly exercise authority over others and how this mode of rule affects domestic and international politics.

Indirect rule has long characterized interstate relationships and US foreign relations. A key mechanism of international hierarchy, indirect rule involves an allied group within a client state adopting policies preferred by a dominant state in exchange for the dominant state's support. Drawing on the history of US involvement in the Caribbean and Central America, Western Europe, and the Arab Middle East, David A. Lake shows that indirect rule is more likely to occur when the specific assets at risk are large and governance costs are low.

Lake's conceptualization of indirect rule sharpens our understanding of how the United States came to occupy the pinnacle of world power. Yet the consequences of indirect rule he documents-including anti-Americanism-reveal its shortcomings. As US efforts at democracy promotion and other forms of intervention abroad face declining support at home, Indirect Rule compels us to consider whether this method of rule ultimately advances US interests.