アジア・中東・アフリカ・ラテンアメリカ・オセアニア — 全 下位分類

Egypt's central position in the Middle East made it enviable among leading imperialist powers, with competition unfolding across cultural, diplomatic, and economic spheres. Furthermore, the Egyptian case is of exceptional interest within the region because of the interplay of several countries and numerous colonies of foreigners. The Italian community, second in number only to the Greek, was deeply integrated in the Egyptian economy and society, yet existing historiography has largely overlooked the consequences of this multinational coexistence.

This book examines Italian economic initiatives in Egypt from the late nineteenth century to the Second World War, focusing in particular on the banking sector as the cornerstone of Italy's economic strategy, both as a driver of investment and as a key instrument for broader economic expansion. Drawing on largely unpublished banking and diplomatic sources, the book traces the history of Italian banks in Egypt, from the first venture established in Alexandria in 1887 to the arrival of major Italian institutions in the early twentieth century. It explores both the ambitions and failures of Italian economic interests in a rapidly changing international context, exploring relationships between Western powers and Egyptian society during a period when growing nationalism would eventually force Britain to recognize Egyptian independence. It investigates projects by major Italian banks and the resident Italian community, analysing their links with other foreign colonies and the indigenous population.

The book is primarily aimed at business history scholars, particularly those interested in multinational banking and financial history, but will also appeal to readers interested in imperial history, minority communities, and international relations generally.

Frontiers are dynamic geographical spaces where state-building and geopolitical control continuously shape complex social imaginations. The British Empire's construction of frontiers in South Asia represents one of history's most consequential exercises in territorial control and cultural transformation. The eastern Himalayas, a natural frontier separating China from South Asia, became a site of contested ambitions enacted, imposed and resisted both within and beyond imperialist control. This geographical region remains a critical focus for understanding the interplay of imperial forces and frontier dynamics.

Set in British India's Northeastern Frontier Region, this book examines urban emergence from colonial annexation in 1826 through independence in 1947. Drawing on archival sources and colonial cartography, it traces how key towns materialised along India's northeastern frontier as instruments of imperial control. The study reveals how British perceptions of the Brahmaputra valley as a navigable corridor through the formidable Eastern Himalayas drove strategic urbanisation. Through an in-depth analysis of Dibrugarh, the book illuminates frontier urbanism shaped by resource extraction, military conflict and racialised spatial segregation-introducing the concept of "frontier urbanism" to explain how peripheral towns functioned within imperial networks.

Part of the Empire and Frontiers series, this book is essential for scholars and students of history, anthropology, borderland studies, cultural studies, imperial history and the humanities. It offers critical perspectives on how colonial spatial practices continue to influence contemporary geopolitics in Asia's borderlands, making it valuable for researchers examining empire, territoriality and the enduring legacies of colonial urbanism.

This book examines the role of language in the modernisation of Xizang, the evolution of Tibetan language studies, and changes to China's ethnic language policies.

Based on fieldwork and policy analysis, it provides a comprehensive and accessible account of the linguistic landscape of Xizang, situated within its social, cultural, and historical context. The author examines daily language use in urban and rural settings, provides a clear overview of Tibetan language education at different levels of schooling, and investigates bilingualism in Lhasa. The research shows that language policies and practices are evolving in tandem with the region's modernisation.

The book will appeal to researchers and students of sociolinguistics, Tibetan studies, and language policy, as well as to general readers who wish to gain an understanding of the intersection between language and everyday life and social development in the region.

Christianity has become one of the most powerful markers of identity in the mountainous borderlands of China and Southeast Asia, also known as Zomia. This region is home to tens of millions of people-including the Ahmao, the Kachin, the Lisu, and many other highlanders-all living at a far remove from the population centers of the lowlands. This volume explores how their creative engagement with Christianity has transformed their communities and reshaped their relationships with nation-states and dominant cultures.

Highland Christianity brings together indigenous, in-group scholars and external researchers to examine Christianity's complex entanglement with ethnicity and modernity across eastern Zomia. Chapters investigate mass conversions, the creation of Bible orthographies, the indigenization of Christian practice, and the tensions Christianization generated with lowland states and majority populations. Contributors highlight the dramas and ambiguities of these changes while foregrounding the creative agency of highland peoples in reworking the faith to generate cohesion, cultural capital, and renewed forms of belonging. Moving beyond colonial frameworks, this interdisciplinary volume maps the profound and ongoing transformations of communities across this borderland region. It will be an essential resource for scholars and students of world Christianity, Asian studies, and anthropology.

In addition to the editors, the contributors to this volume are Aminta Arrington, Chijui Hu, Jianxiong Ma, Pum Za Mang, Lagai Zau Nan, Anh-Minh Nguyen-Dang, Yoichi Nishimoto, and Zhu Jili.

This book investigates the intersections between influencer cultures and gender politics in contemporary Southeast Asia, a region experiencing rapid digital transformation and high social media engagement. It examines how influencers act as cultural intermediaries who negotiate, reinforce, or disrupt gender norms within predominantly collectivist and conservative societies.

Drawing from interdisciplinary perspectives, the chapters explore how influencer practices intersect with activism, morality, religion, and state narratives, positioning Southeast Asia as a critical site for rethinking digital power, identity, and resistance. By centring case studies from across the region, the book offers a timely intervention into global digital and gender studies. It foregrounds influencers as both everyday cultural figures and political actors whose engagements - ranging from modest fashion and queer visibility to strategic silences reshape public discourse. The volume brings together a diverse range of qualitative methodologies and field expertise, allowing readers to examine how notions of aspiration, authenticity, and advocacy are locally negotiated and globally resonant. In doing so, it equips scholars and students with rich empirical material and conceptual tools to interrogate the socio-political impact of influencer cultures.

The book will be of particular interest to academics and advanced students in media and communication, gender studies, digital anthropology, and Southeast Asian studies. As such, it offers grounded insights into underexplored contexts while contributing to broader conversations about platform governance, identity politics, and digital labor. It is especially suited for use in teaching on digital culture and gender, offering comparative regional perspectives and methodological diversity.

This volume brings together established scholars and early-career researchers to foreground African contributions to labour studies. Spanning historical and contemporary developments, it examines youth employment, gendered labour, migration, informality, labour politics and emerging forms of work across the continent.

Through rich case studies and comparative analysis, contributors interrogate how concepts such as class, labour market segmentation, power resources and worker agency have been deployed and contested in African contexts. In doing so, the book demonstrates how African empirical realities invite a rethinking of labour studies and its theoretical foundations.

This book traces the history of spaces used for Chinese opera performances (xiqu), from early ritual grounds and temple stages to guild halls, commercial theatres, court playhouses, and modern urban venues. It shows how xiqu was profoundly shaped by the environments in which it was performed.

Based on extensive fieldwork, archaeological materials, inscriptions, and historical records, the book explores how these spaces were constructed, utilised and managed, and their links to religion, local society, commerce, architecture, and state power. It covers developments from early China through to the twentieth century. The narrative highlights how these spaces influenced the styles, practices, and growth of xiqu, with a special focus on significant surviving stages, particularly in Shanxi.

Written for scholars and students of Chinese theatre, art, architecture, and cultural history, this book also appeals to librarians, curators, and general readers seeking an engaging and accessible account of China's rich theatrical heritage.

This book examines the exchange of enclaves, or chhitmohols, between India and Bangladesh, challenging the assumption that it was merely a territorial issue. Focusing on the lived experiences of communities inhabiting these enclaves and their surrounding locales, the study engages with how sovereignty, citizenship, and belonging were negotiated amidst conditions of their 'stateless', peripheral existences. Through an exploration of how these spaces generated strategic repositionings to state power, the book uncovers the intricate and multifaceted dynamics of adaptation to argue that even in statelessness, they remained locally embedded.

Grounded in an ethnography of communities from these former enclaves and its surrounding locales, the book offers a situated reading of how they generated contingent forms of adaptation to navigate the reordering of everyday life, brought about through state intercession in these spaces. The book, therefore shifts attention to 'the local' as both a site and lens to understand the complexities of how state power is mediated, resisted, and also, reworked. Through this, it offers a broader reflection on the uneven and ongoing nature of the incorporation of spaces and people into the state at the borderlands.

This volume is an essential resource for students and researchers in Politics and International Relations, Conflict Studies, Borderland Studies, Sociology, and History, offering valuable insights into the complexities of borderland communities and their interactions with state systems.

Wealth inequality is both extreme and persistent across much of the world, yet it remains poorly understood relative to income inequality and poverty alleviation. Bringing together original research on Brazil, India, and South Africa, this volume examines the processes through which elite groups accumulate and maintain disproportionate control over assets - through historically embedded social hierarchies, institutional arrangements, and political-economic processes. These middle-income, semi-industrialised societies combine extreme wealth with persistent poverty, making them revealing sites for analysing how inequality is actively produced, not merely inherited.

Across nine chapters, the book traces the historical formation of wealth shaped by colonial legacies, racial and caste hierarchies, land regimes, and state formation, before analysing contemporary processes of elite continuities and reproduction. These include financialisation, asset ownership, legal and regulatory frameworks, urban development, and corporate control. Rather than treating elites as a numerical category (the "top 1%"), the contributors analyse elites as historically constituted and institutionally embedded actors whose wealth and power are produced within existing accumulation regimes, and who in turn act to stabilise, adapt, and extend those regimes over time.

The volume develops a relational, comparative political economy of wealth inequality, showing that processes illuminated in the Global South also deepen analysis of wealth concentration globally. It will interest scholars and advanced students in development studies, political economy, sociology, economics, law, and global studies.

Over the first two decades of the twenty-first century-a period marked by profound global transformations and recurrent crises for many Latin American economies-two countries appeared to stand out for their sustained growth and notable improvements in social indicators: Bolivia and Peru. Despite divergent policy orientations, income derived from the large-scale exploitation of natural resources became the central pillar of economic growth in both countries. This book explores the political economy of Bolivia and Peru by situating their development trajectories within the changing global context of the twenty-first century and argues that the recent boom represents not a structural break, but rather a renewed phase of a long-standing extractivist accumulation pattern dating back to the colonial period.

The book examines why, despite having formally escaped colonial rule almost two centuries ago-and notwithstanding an unusually favorable international environment-both Bolivia and Peru remain highly dependent on primary commodity exports. Drawing on a comparative framework that combines world-systems analysis and political settlements theory, it assesses how global economic pressures were mediated through distinct domestic coalitions, institutions, and strategies of rent distribution. While national policies to overcome natural-resource dependence differed markedly in discourse and design, the analysis shows that neither country succeeded in fundamentally transforming its position within the global economy. Instead, the underlying pattern of surplus extraction from peripheral economies by core actors persists, albeit through reconfigured mechanisms.

This book will be of great interest to readers in political economy, development studies, international relations, and Latin American studies.

This volume revisits contemporary cultural and artistic imaginaries of African cities through a focus on their manifold connections with rural hinterlands. Tracing the multidimensional movements and flows between six African cities-Nairobi, Accra, Kampala, Pretoria/Tshwane, Johannesburg, and Lagos-and their respective hinterlands, the book maps similarities between contemporary city-hinterland interactions across the continent.

The book brings together contributions by scholars from a range of disciplinary backgrounds, including literary studies, urban sociology, media studies, medical anthropology, cultural studies, visual arts, and ethnomusicology. It conceives of the relationship between the urban and the hinterland as non-dichotomous and makes an argument for the complex entanglements between African rural and urban cultural imaginaries. It also engages the historical specificities and complex afterlives of different colonial contexts that shape contemporary renegotiations of the rural-urban nexus. Here, the hinterland is offered as a concept with diverse uses and appropriations across a range of African cultural forms, from screen media and poetry to music, visual arts, and everyday cultural practices.

This interdisciplinary collection will be of interest to postgraduate students, researchers, and academics in African studies, urban sociology, cultural studies, anthropology, literary studies, media studies, and human geography. It offers fresh perspectives on African urbanism and challenges conventional approaches to studying African cities by foregrounding cultural and artistic practices.

The essays in this volume were originally published as a special issue of Social Dynamics.

Examining the evolution of South African activists' attitude toward the state of Israel

In recent decades, scholars and activists have increasingly drawn on the language of apartheid to describe the sociopolitical situation in Israel and Palestine. In South Africa today, Israel is notorious for its collaboration with the former white minority regime. This prevailing association, however, belies a more complex relationship between radical South Africans and the state of Israel that existed from the 1940s to the 1960s. During these years, Israel and Zionism divided opinion within South Africa's anti-apartheid movement.

Shifting Solidarities traces the transition among anti-apartheid activists from support for a Jewish state in 1948 to anti-Zionist and pro-Palestinian stances by the 1970s, showing how various ideologies-from Trotskyism to Pan-Africanism-shaped changing attitudes over time. Both an intellectual and a diplomatic history, the book illustrates how for several decades many South African radicals thought of Israel as a potential ally and admired its struggle for independence and postindependence achievements, but eventually came to see it as an apartheid-like state perpetuating the same kinds of injustices they had confronted for years.

This book explores the complex power dynamics shaping China-Myanmar relations within the framework of asymmetrical geopolitics. By examining disparities in resources, influence, and capacity, it delves into how China leverages its economic and strategic dominance, particularly through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC). It provides a nuanced understanding of Myanmar's geopolitical significance as a site of competition and its delicate balance between dependence on China and autonomy.

The book highlights China's asymmetric foreign policy strategies, the impact of the 2021 military coup on bilateral relations, and the challenges posed by stalled BRI projects amid ethnic conflict and local resistance. It also examines the socio-political and economic implications of China's investments in Myanmar, addressing issues pertaining to migration, ethnic ties, and security. Through rigorous analysis, the book connects these elements to broader South Asian geopolitics, emphasizing Myanmar's pivotal role in China's regional ambitions and its access to the Indian Ocean.

This interdisciplinary volume is an essential resource for scholars, researchers, and students in International Relations, South Asian studies, Area Studies, Global Studies and Geopolitics. Additionally, journalists, policymakers, and academics interested in China's rise, the Belt and Road Initiative, and South Asian geopolitics will find this book insightful.

In the mid-twentieth century, researchers at an experiment station in Sonora's Yaqui Valley designed high-yielding wheat seeds with the promise that increasing crop productivity would end world hunger. The seeds made their way across the world, where accompanying inputs such as fertilizer, pesticides, and irrigation systems transformed global farming in what came to be known as the Green Revolution. Gabriela Soto Laveaga challenges this history-often told from the point of view of philanthropic organizations, development proselytizers, or heroic American scientists-by placing native lands, Sonoran farmers, Mexican innovation, and Mexico-India connections at the center. Presenting groundbreaking archival research, The World in a Wheat Field sheds new light on how global initiatives changed a local place and points to why so many development projects failed to eradicate hunger worldwide.

Ghosts of Bandung makes the major new argument that the fates of the Black and Palestinian revolutions were bound together through the rise and fall of a larger Third World political project. Drawing on English and Arabic archives, Derek A. Ide shows how Afro-Arab solidarities shaped and were shaped by geopolitics and grand strategy. Through biographical vignettes of forgotten figures and underexplored groups, Ghosts of Bandung interweaves the histories of movement dynamics and those of contending states in the global Cold War. This story binds the United States and the Middle East-Detroit and Damascus, Oakland and Algiers-while spanning the globe. From the Sino-Soviet split to the Beijing-Jakarta Axis, this global retelling of Black Power and the Palestinian Revolution engages China, Cuba, Ghana, Indonesia, Jordan, and others. At the heart of this broader project is the hitherto untold story of CONEFO, Indonesian President Sukarno's attempt to construct an alternative United Nations-like organization in Jakarta. Centering on 1965 and the collapse of CONEFO, Ide links the fates of Black Power and the Palestinian Revolution to the fall of Third Worldism and the "Bandung Spirit."

A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more.

Theologies of Remembering reveals how Indonesia's two largest Muslim groups, Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah-self-identifying as respectively traditionalist and modernist-actively engage memory as a framework for theological thought and practice. By reimagining their pasts to respond to new contexts, they articulate what it means to be a traditionalist or a modernist in the present and imagine possibilities for the future. Verena Meyer draws on interviews with group members, Islamic intellectual and narrative traditions, and critical theory to show that processes of remembering facilitate manifestations of the divine that destabilize binaries between the historical and transhistorical as well as linear understandings of temporality. Observing how constructions of the past are called into the service of sometimes conflicting demands, she argues against the pervasive idea that Islamic modernities have lost their tolerance for ambiguity and paradox. Tensions among incommensurable memories are generative for articulating elusive theological insights and complex positionalities among both traditionalists and modernists, prompting us to rethink these familiar distinctions in modern identity politics.

A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more.

In the wake of the Second Intifada and energized by the Arab Spring, young Palestinian designers have used fashion to voice their political consciousness and forge affective communities in the face of Israeli occupation. This book proposes to understand their practices as "queer decolonial fashion," a collaborative aesthetic ethos attuned to gender, sexuality, race, and the environment that transcends nationalist framings of the Palestinian struggle. Making the case for queer decolonial fashion as a model of creative activism, Dressed for Dissent shows how these designers' work-imbricated with body, identity, and land-ultimately emerges as a site where a viable future for a free Palestine can be envisioned, while also offering insights relevant to other settler-colonial contexts.

This book provides a comprehensive exploration on the history and practices of native Buddhist movements in contemporary Korea. It begins with a historical emergence of Korean Buddhism, followed by the colonial transmission of Japanese Buddhism in East Asia.

The study critically analyses the development of five distinct Buddhist sects and two alternative movements from the 1960s to the 2020s. Each group is explored through key categories: origins and founders, beliefs, sacred scriptures, myths, symbols, and treasures, socio-political impact, and internal conflicts or scandals. Focusing on ethnographic and cultural perspectives, the book examines how these groups-emerging during Korea's post-war purification movement-define themselves: the Bomun order, the Jingak order, the Cheontae order, the Taego order, the Jogye order, International Moral Association (IMA), and Deasoon Jinrihoe. Despite Korea's turbulent journey through dictatorship, industrialisation, and democratisation, these new religious movements have demonstrated remarkable social resilience and engagement.

This work will be an essential resource for scholars and students of Buddhist Studies, Korean Studies, Anthropology, Sociology, Cultural Studies, Religious Studies, and Political Science. It will also appeal to policymakers, religious practitioners, and general readers interested in Asian spirituality, cultural identity, and the interplay between tradition and modernity. By focusing on understudied contemporary sectarian movements, it addresses a significant gap in English-language scholarship and provides a framework for understanding how religious innovation operates within, and contributes to, the civic and political life of democratic Korea.

This book examines economic integration and peace prospects in Central and South Asia with focus on UTTAPI countries-Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. It analyzes trade impact on national economies, transportation corridors, and regional development patterns. It addresses India's strategic role through TAPI pipeline and military cooperation initiatives, and also:

• Examines economic integration among UTTAPI countries (Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India).

• Addresses India's strategic role in Central and South Asian integration through initiatives including TAPI gas pipeline, DUSTLIK military exercises, and infrastructure development.

• Analyzes Afghanistan's stability as critical factor for regional security and economic connectivity.

• Examines India-Pakistan relations with focus on trade and economic collaboration potential for addressing common challenges.

• Covers transportation and transit corridor development among UTTAPI countries.

This title has been co-published with Knowledge World Publishers. T&F does not sell or distribute the print versions in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri lanka.

This book traces the colonial foundations of modernity as it emerged in non-Western contexts, offering new theories and challenging Eurocentric accounts.

Focusing on Muslim societies, the book maps the entanglements of empire, secularism, capitalism and the nation-state within global power structures. The chapters reveal how modern political, economic, and social orders have been shaped-and often distorted-by imperial legacies.

From legal renewal to postcolonial governance and global finance, this is a unique study that explores the ways in which states and societies in the Global South continue to grapple with, adapt to and resist the pressures of a hegemonic modernity.

This important volume offers a critical examination of how Southeast Asian states utilise digital governance to improve public services, democracy, and service delivery, while maintaining control over their populations through, among other methods, digital surveillance and internet control.

Through a series of case studies, the book explores key themes such as regulatory frameworks, state strategies, and societal responses to digital governance. It examines Malaysia's balancing act between regulation and repression, Singapore's Smart Nation vision, and Indonesia's ambitious yet authoritarian e-democracy initiatives. The book also delves into the challenges faced by countries such as Brunei and Cambodia, where digital governance is used by the respective regimes to manage misinformation and dissent. Employing diverse methodologies, including content analysis, elite interviews, and social network analysis, the chapters provide a nuanced understanding of how digital governance shapes political, social, and economic landscapes in the region. Truly comprehensive in its approach, the book covers contexts and circumstances present in Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, the Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, and Myanmar.

This book will be essential for scholars and postgraduate students studying the overlap between politics and technology, digital governance, Southeast Asian studies, and authoritarianism more broadly. Public policy students looking to understand the implications of digital governance for democracy and internet freedom will also benefit from the book.

This important volume empirically explores the lives of migrants experiencing long-term temporariness under temporary labour migration programmes (TLMPs) implemented by a number of governments in the Global South and becoming emerging actors in the social fabric of migrant-receiving countries.

Focusing on the Philippines-United Arab Emirates (UAE) migration corridor over the past 50 years, the book illuminates the dynamic interplay among temporary migration policies, migrants' lived experiences, and rapid urban development. Chapters concentrate on three key areas - macrostructural aspects of the corridor; migrants' agency in navigating temporariness; and emerging trends from below - and incorporate policy-oriented and ethnographic analyses. As well as offering policy implications, the book demonstrates how a proportion of Filipino migrants do not merely adapt to the TLMP, but also undergo significant transformations themselves in tandem with the UAE's economic restructuring and rapid urban development. The Philippines-UAE migration corridor's role as an evolving experiment supports the broader insights into how large-scale temporary migration flows might unfold in other regions in the future.

The volume ultimately offers a new way of thinking about temporary labour migration as a dynamic, socially embedded process in the contemporary Global South, and will therefore be of use to scholars and postgraduate students in the fields of international migration, Asian diaspora studies, and Southeast Asian studies more broadly.

China in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: The Machine State examines AI in China not simply as a technological development, but as part of a longer reflection on order, authority, and the role of technique in social life. Rather than treating AI as a neutral sector of innovation, the book situates it within cultural and political traditions that shape how technology is understood, regulated, and integrated into state projects.

Drawing on classical Chinese texts alongside contemporary policy documents and legal frameworks, the study shows how AI has been embedded in a model of modernization grounded in planning, coordination, and infrastructural scale. Data, computing power, and standards emerge as elements of state capacity rather than merely technical assets. The book also addresses tensions within this approach - between control and creativity, scale, and flexibility - and considers China's efforts to shape global debates on AI governance, particularly through engagement with the United Nations and the Global South.

Introducing the concept of the "machine state," the book offers a framework for understanding how governance increasingly operates through technical systems. It will interest scholars as well as policymakers and business actors seeking to interpret China's technological strategy and its implications for global technology governance.

Demographic Anxieties examines how the Israeli settler-colonial state and its borders shape Palestinian women's reproductive freedom. Grounded in a Black feminist reproductive justice framework, this work foregrounds the sexual politics of settler colonialism by demonstrating how Israeli policies profoundly impact Palestinian women's reproductive rights, health, and decision-making. Based on in-depth interviews and more than two years of ethnographic research with Israeli medical staff and Palestinian women undergoing fertility treatment, the book takes Israeli hospitals, fertility departments, maternity wards, and infrastructures of care as sites of inquiry into the governance of Palestinians' lives.

Demographic Anxieties examines everyday encounters between Palestinian patients and Jewish Israeli doctors and argues that, alongside spectacular and disastrous forms of Israeli state violence, we must also consider more quotidian forms of surveillance and control. Written from an anticolonial feminist perspective, it asks what Palestine, as a site of knowledge production, enables, complicates, or demands from a transnational feminist approach to reproductive justice.

This book offers a systematic and original analysis of how disciplinary pressure shapes food safety regulation in China.

Focusing on punishment as a regulatory incentive, the book shows that disciplinary action is driven not only by regulatory failure but also by public opinion, institutional design, and the discretionary space within which regulators work. Combining historical analysis, comparative case studies of Shenzhen and Beijing, and an original multi-city survey, the book opens the "black box" of regulatory discipline and explains how intensified accountability can both strengthen compliance and generate defensive governance. Readers will benefit from a theoretically grounded and empirically rich account of how negative incentives operate in contemporary regulation and from a deeper understanding of the tensions among discipline, performance, and state capacity in China and beyond.

Placing China in comparative perspective by drawing broader lessons for regulatory accountability beyond the Chinese case, this book will appeal to scholars and students of regulation, public administration, Chinese politics, governance, and food policy, as well as policymakers and practitioners interested in accountability systems.

This volume reorients visual anthropology beyond its historically Western vantage point through a collaborative, cross-cultural editorship. With contributions from anthropologists with cultural connections to the Indian subcontinent, it presents contemporary ethnographic practice as it unfolds across both analogue and digital media. It examines representation across multiple forms - from film and photography to social media ethnography, immersive virtual and augmented realities, and the emerging horizons of artificial intelligence.

Visual anthropology itself emerged from the intellectual ferment of the late 1960s, shaped by debates across literature, visual arts, sociology, psychology, and philosophy, alongside the political reckoning of the postcolonial
moment. For students of social and cultural anthropology, its catalytic technologies were the hand-held camera and synchronised sound - tools that allowed ethnography to move, speak, and circulate beyond the written text. Yet the field has always extended beyond cinema. Visual and digital anthropology encompasses photography, art, ritual performance, and material culture, recognising that visual knowledge emerges through diverse representational practices. In the age of the Internet, social media, and mobile devices, images circulate globally and instantly, transforming how ethnographers document, interpret, and share social worlds.

The book will be valuable to students, researchers, and teachers of visual anthropology and sociology, as well as to visual ethnographers, documentary filmmakers, and scholars in museum studies. It will also serve as an important resource for practitioners working with artificial intelligence, curators, filmmakers, and general readers interested in photography, video creation, and the expanding visual worlds of the twenty-first century.