哲学・社会思想・宗教 — 全 下位分類

This open access book explores the relations between normative mathematical texts, which encode various forms of measurement, calculation and reasoning, and the practices of accountants, craftspeople, artisans and other social actors. Mathematics is often divided into a theoretical, intellectual, and normative component, on the one hand, and, on the other, a practical-applied component, implemented in various labour and other social contexts. However, this division usually assumes that practice reflects the text, whereas, in reality, their relations are much more diverse. This volume explores how text and practice shape each other, complement each other, contradict each other or even ignore each other. In doing so, it opens up the problem of mathematical text and practice as a varied, multi-dimensional, cross-cultural and global-historical problem, where different contexts called for different negotiations between text and practice.

In this pathbreaking work, Linette Eunjoo Park tackles a core crisis in modern thought: how to critique antiblack violence without inadvertently preserving the violence itself. Arguing that previous radical theories - from critiques of racial capitalism to discourses of abolition - have failed to capture the unique, foundational violence of antiblackness, Park develops a framework that challenges the very limits of what critical thought can achieve against the staggering evidence of antiblackness.

The book moves beyond conventional historical or legal analyses to examine how antiblack violence - specifically through the concept of the "self-lynching" - is produced and enforced by the very legal and symbolic systems designed to abolish it. Focusing on contemporary arrests made under the "felony lynching" penal code in California, the book unearths a genealogy that authorizes these charges. Through an innovative analysis of case studies - including the historical elision of anti-lynching activist Delilah Beasley, Melvin Edwards's sculptures, Torkwase Dyson's paintings, and the judicial spectacle of Clarence Thomas's hearing - Beyond Abolition reveals the ultimate failure of racial representation to contain or critique antiblackness. By tarrying with these aesthetic and juridical fragments, the book exposes a structural and psychical "lynching" of blackness that persists even, and especially, within our most celebrated critical frameworks. It proposes a methodological shift: the urgent need to move past the imagination of a "real abolition" and toward the confrontation with the un-settable, violent foundation of the modern world.

This book tackles the key theoretical and practical challenges confronting humanity as it stands at the brink of self-destruction. Its wide ranging investigations counter the enfeeblement of thought and action by showing how reason can free itself of bondage to the principle of non-contradiction and reduction to calculation, how the reigning dogmas that block true knowledge of mind and obscure the limitations of artificial intelligence can be overcome, how language enables rather than limits the freedom of thinking and conduct, how the concrete context of action cannot rob it of its autonomy, why capital punishment is illegitimate, how caste can be overcome and religion can be reformed to be compatible with democracy, how fascism can be philosophically refuted, and how nuclear and climate change Armageddon can be averted in an era of globalization.

This book is essential reading for all scholars, researchers and advanced students of political philosophy and German idealism.

We seem to be living in an unprecedented polycrisis. Multiple crises - mass forced migration, imminent climate doom, pandemics, and the rise of the far right, to name a few - intersect and amplify each other to a degree never seen before. But the fact that voices from journalists to academics can so easily label this moment unprecedented, argues anthropologist Daniel M. Knight, is a problem. With this book, Knight builds a case against the polycrisis framework as an example of toxic presentism, in which our analytical gaze is blurred by deeply engrained assumptions about historical progression and linear time.

Against Polycrisis employs diverse lines of thought from anthropology, history, philosophy, and popular culture to unpack recent fascinations with the unprecedented polycrisis trope. Knight critically examines previous historical eras of overlapping crises - from Greece's recent economic collapse to the 1600s General Crisis to the fall of the Ottoman Empire - in conversation with philosophers, historians, and the next generation of humanistic thinkers, all enriched by reflections on science fiction and popular culture. Knight concludes that the toxic presentism perpetuated in politics, academia, and the media only serves to obscure how the world could be otherwise.

Advocates for an approach to Christian end-times, not as the anticipation of particular futures, but as a way to inhabit the existential crises of our present, the 'times of extinction' in which we live

Public environmental concern has turned to the so-called "sixth mass extinction event" currently underway. The interdisciplinary field of extinction studies was established to increase our cultural understanding of that phenomenon, but hitherto there has been little engagement with religious faith and practice. This book stages the first conversation between extinction studies, Christian theology, and continental philosophy. It does so by reimagining eschatology-traditionally the study of "the last things" in Christian faith-for times of extinction.

Against an assumption that Christian belief in the end is essentially either about awaiting a final apocalyptic catastrophe or hoping for a final restoration of creation, the book argues that these are in fact the dubious hallmarks of what secular culture offers in precarious times. Christianity, by contrast, can offer plural conceptions of "ends" and "endings" whose purpose is not to exclusively or even primarily to anticipate the future, but rather to heighten the ethical, political, and existential significance of the present.

This work of re-imagining eschatology requires engaging some familiar theological sources in new light, ranging from St Augustine to eco-feminist theology. Its philosophical interlocutors are drawn from the continental tradition, bringing the insights of existentialism, phenomenology, and critical theory as indispensable lenses by which to reconceive the meanings of end-times.

The book will be essential reading to those in the environmental humanities and extinction studies curious about theology, and to scholars of theology and religion concerned about extinction, and planetary crises more broadly. It will appeal to those responding to the extinction crisis in different ways-political activists, educators, faith leaders-who wish to explore how religious and secular faith shape our thinking about the multiple crises of our present age.

This edited volume offers a major reappraisal of contemporary hermeneutics through the lens of African philosophy. Moving beyond a text-centered model of interpretation, it shows how African hermeneutic traditions have reconfigured hermeneutics from within by engaging orality, myth, art, the lived body, memory, postcolonial history, and the search for a non-imperial universal. Across seventeen chapters, the book reconstructs the main currents of African hermeneutics from ancient interpretive traditions to ecological wisdom, narrative subjectivity, cultural restitution, and biblical interpretation. Its central claim is that meaning is never simply given: it is historically, symbolically, and practically mediated. This volume appeals to researchers and students; it brings African philosophy into dialogue with phenomenology, critical theory, theology, anthropology, and literary studies. It makes an original contribution to debates on interpretation, decolonization, and universality.

This book examines the implementation of responsible robotics through the lens of design thinking, fostering dialogue among scholars across law, philosophy, psychology, engineering, and related disciplines. Bringing together contributions from researchers based in East Asia, North America, and Europe, the volume offers a truly interdisciplinary and international perspective on the ethical challenges posed by emerging robotic technologies.

The book is organized into four interconnected parts. Part I explores the prospects and challenges of a society in which humans and robots coexist. Part II addresses ethical design principles for the governance of robotic systems. Part III investigates innovative
methodologies that can be employed to develop ethically grounded designs, while Part IV analyzes the intersection of design, human-robot interaction (HRI), and governance.

By integrating ethical reflection with practical design approaches, this volume offers valuable insights for policymakers and legislators seeking guidance on responsible robot governance, as well as for engineers aiming to incorporate ethical and legal considerations into system development. At the same time, it will appeal to scholars, students, and members of the wider public concerned with the societal implications and governance of emerging technologies.

This book takes the reader on a philosophical journey into the core of modern finance, bringing to light the ideas, values, and contradictions that shape Wall Street and, through it, the global economy. It shows how markets have moved beyond their original role as instruments of exchange to become autonomous systems of power and meaning-systems that do not merely mirror economic and social realities, but actively participate in producing them.

Bringing together philosophy, economics, and history, A Philosophical Walk Down Wall Street explores how financial markets generate knowledge, how mathematical models come to possess authority, and why crises continue to recur in spite of increasing technological sophistication. Through rich case studies, ranging from the 2008 financial crisis to algorithmic trading, the book argues that concepts such as efficiency, risk, and value are not simply neutral analytical tools, but embody substantive philosophical claims about the nature of the world.

Rethinking space from the ground up through trans theory, philosophy, and radical possibility

Disorienting Phenomenology takes as its point of departure the trans mundane: entering a public restroom, moving through airport security, navigating professional spaces. These ordinary yet unsettling encounters become portals into urgent philosophical questions about space, embodiment, perception, power, and violence. Attending closely to how trans people experience everyday life, Eden Kinkaid shows that space is never neutral. It is felt, negotiated, and contested at the level of the body, shaping one's capacities, safety, and sense of self.

Weaving together philosophy, queer and trans studies, geography, and personal narrative, Kinkaid develops an intersectional theory of space grounded in lived experience. They bring the foundational spatial theories of Henri Lefebvre together with critical phenomenologies of gender, race, and disability to demonstrate how systems of oppression are built into the environments we inhabit, configuring movement and constraining possibility for minoritized people. Bold and interdisciplinary, Disorienting Phenomenology offers vital conceptual tools for understanding - and transforming - the worlds we move through each day.

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This work tackles humanity's most enduring questions, from the origins of the universe to the nature of just war, by proposing a revolutionary epistemological framework that transcends traditional academic boundaries. The study argues that no single approach, whether realist or liberal, scientific or artistic, can fully capture truth's complexity. Instead, the book introduces a comprehensive four-spiral methodology that integrates cognitive (scientific), affective (artistic), intuitive (subliminal), and divinitive (spiritual) ways of knowing.

Through a cyclical process of observation, participation, and reflection, the book demonstrates how standing back to look, standing close to listen, taking part, and looking again creates an ever-deepening spiral of understanding. Each spiral, cognitive, affective, intuitive, and divinitive, offers unique insights that, when combined, reveal "radical wisdom as the truth about many truths." This methodology promises to bridge the gap between competing worldviews and provide a more complete framework for addressing life's fundamental questions.

The work challenges readers to move beyond the limitations of single-perspective thinking and embrace a pluralistic approach that honors both rational analysis and spiritual insight, empirical observation and emotional understanding.

The concept of "Justification" governs rational discourse so thoroughly that questioning it seems impossible - which is precisely the problem. In this book the author traces the legal metaphors and circular logic at the heart of this paradigm across epistemology, ethics, and argumentation theory. He introduces the "Non-Justification-Stance" as a cooperative, open-ended approach to argumentation that replaces the logic of claim and refutation with a richer account of what it means to give reasons at all.

Islampolitik: The Role of Islam in Modern-State Building examines the interrelationship between Islam and state-building in global modernity. Synthesizing scholarship from the fields of sociology, political science, history, religious studies, Middle East, and Islamic studies, this book brings together theories from both below (subjectivities) and above (governance) into one comprehensive resource.

Islampolitik investigates how modern states draw on religion, specifically Islam, when creating templates for subjectivity formation of individuals and communities as part of their broader governance strategies. The book provides a needed challenge to the long-held perception amongst scholars of governance and modernity: namely that Islam is a source of pre-modern rationales creating obstacles to modern governance and state maintenance processes. The book provides empirical insights into the connection between global modernity and modern frames for identity construction.

This book brings together scholars working in eleven different classical traditions - Greek, Chinese, Latin, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Arabic, Pali, Hittite, Egyptian, Japanese and Sumerian - to investigate how major texts in these traditions conceptualized, mapped and categorized the sentiments, attitudes and states we think of as emotion. This volume is distinctive in its focus on foundational questions concerning the categorization and conceptualization of emotion. It is also unique in its degree of collaboration among scholars working in different disciplines and in a vast range of ancient traditions. This book aims to build on the resources of these traditions to make an intervention in how we might think about emotions today.

This book offers an explanation on how the process of socialization constitutes a new entity-a person- and what the ontological status of the new entity that comes into existence through socialization is. This title is unique in explaining the process of socialization ontologically. The author argues that acquiring personhood is only possible through socialization in society. Therefore, being a person is not an intrinsic property of an organism. A person is an entity that is constituted by the interaction between a body and a society. Persons and their bodies are, the author argues, of different ontological kinds. He defends the notion of the constitution as one which is compatible with the idea that persons are distinct entities from their bodies.

This book appeals to students and researchers and offers a suggestion to solve the problem of personal identity over time. The author puts forth the idea that persons are constituted events in contrast to the standard approach which places them in the category of objects. Discussing personhood leads naturally to a consideration of wildlife and the question of whether any non-human animal can be a person.

Not mere biological entities, bodies are conceptual and political battlegrounds, either instruments of domination or avenues of liberation. Throughout history and across cultures, bodies have been used to express social, racial, class, and gender differences. They have also been imagined as means: means for reproducing life and labor, means understood to be inscribed within a "natural" order. This concept has run through the entire history of Western metaphysics and culture, and its persistence and development has contributed to the establishment of cultural and political dominance by Western rationality and the white men who conceived it.

This book asks us to reconsider the theoretical and political power of means in relation to bodies. Stimilli problematizes the role of means in a hypertechnological era in which politics has come to be seen merely as administration, with no pretence of elaborating higher meanings or purposes. Are means, she asks, truly instruments subordinate to purposes unrelated to them, or could they be something else?

In a philosophical investigation into the meaning of means, Stimilli elaborates the political power of bodies as means, arguing that they are never neutral and lie at the origin of collective phenomena whose potential is still to be explored. From the United States to South America and Europe, from North Africa to the Middle East and beyond, bodies are at the center of enormous transnational and intersectional movements as non-instrumental means for new forms of social reproduction. A new sexuation of the world is now the order of the day.

This book presents and discusses concepts of schizoanalysis that serve as theoretical tools for analyzing contemporary political processes and modes of subjectivation. Originally developed by the philosopher Gilles Deleuze and the psychoanalyst and activist Felix Guattari, schizoanalysis is a critical political psychology that analyzes psychological phenomena in light of social, historical-cultural, aesthetic, and political issues. It provides an original analytical approach that expands the repertoires of psychology and the human sciences by apprehending phenomena in the resulting relationship between power, desiring investments, and the production of subjectivation - that is, in the articulation between politics, psychology, and subjectivity.

With accessible language, this volume introduces the reader to the dynamics of 'Deleuze-Guattarian' thought, as well as to the specific terminologies that express it, based on eight fundamental themes in the articulation between psychology and politics, which contribute to understanding the current scenario of social effervescence and crisis: power; subjectivity; institutions and codes; capitalism; psychopolitical practices and assemblages; microfascisms; the State and public policies; and social movements.

Due to its didactic nature, this book can be used as an introduction to schizoanalysis as an analytical tool that can be used by researchers to study contemporary political and subjective processes, as well as a didactic text in social psychology and political psychology courses.

This is a revised and updated English translation of a book originally published in Brazilian Portuguese. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.

This book addresses a notable lacuna within the corpus of English-language scholarship by investigating Ham Sok Hon's philosophy of peace. Ham Sok Hon (1901-1989) is hailed as one of modern Korea's most influential figures, having been nominated twice for the Nobel Peace Prize. Throughout his life, he embraced various roles, including those of activist, journalist, historian, poet, and philosopher, while consistently advocating for democratization, human rights, and labor rights. Whereas existing literature primarily offers biographical narrative, this work provides a focused and systematic analysis of Ham's fundamental doctrines concerning peace and non-violence. Central to this analysis is an in-depth exploration of Ham's key concepts, such as "ssial philosophy," "saengmyeong (life) consciousness," and the intriguing notion of "tteut (meaning)." By drawing from a wide range of philosophical and religious traditions believed to have influenced Ham's thinking, including Christianity, Hinduism, Confucianism, Daoism, as well as works by notable figures like H.G. Wells, Henry David Thoreau, Henry Bergson, Rabindranath Tagore, and Mahatma Gandhi, the proposed text aims to provide a nuanced, syncretic understanding of his conception of peace. Furthermore, the book contributes to the overall global discourse on peace and nonviolence.

This book reconstructs and examines the complex history of Studia Logica, one of the world's leading journals in symbolic logic. While its origins can be traced to 1934, the journal has appeared as a continuous periodical since 1954. Its story is neither simple nor linear, shaped by shifting political contexts, intellectual alliances, and evolving research agendas, and in many ways more intricate than that of comparable journals beyond the Iron Curtain. This book recounts this history through the perspectives of those who shaped the journal-its editors, authors, reviewers, and readers highlighting how political change and academic networks influenced its development. The first part offers a chronological narrative of the journal's history, while the second turns to specific periods, from its early beginnings to its consolidation in the mid-twentieth century and its subsequent international expansion. This book provides both historians of logic and contemporary researchers with a deeper understanding of the role Studia Logica has played in the advancement of modern logic.

This book assesses the conceptual and practical contributions of the normativist and well-being approaches to health. A particular emphasis is placed on the holistic theory of Lennart Nordenfelt. The contributions of this theory are synthesized and discussed, and their relevance is put to the test, particularly with regard to mental health, which is particularly original and innovative in the field. Particular attention is paid to Nordenfelt's notions of ability and compulsion, assessing their relevance to the definition of the pathological character of depression and addiction. In addition, the book includes discussions of the notions of function and harm, for which it proposes redefinitions that take account of the most recent developments in the philosophy of medicine. Finally, the book extends this reflection on the central notions emerging from normativism in the definition of health: well-being by providing a critical analysis of the relationship between those two concepts. Several chapters discuss the relevance of a notion of well-being in the definition of health, mobilizing the philosophy of well-being as well as medical ethics.