哲学・社会思想・宗教 — 全 下位分類

Islampolitik: The Role of Islam in Modern-State Building examines the interrelationship between Islam and state-building in global modernity. Synthesizing scholarship from the fields of sociology, political science, history, religious studies, Middle East, and Islamic studies, this book brings together theories from both below (subjectivities) and above (governance) into one comprehensive resource.

Islampolitik investigates how modern states draw on religion, specifically Islam, when creating templates for subjectivity formation of individuals and communities as part of their broader governance strategies. The book provides a needed challenge to the long-held perception amongst scholars of governance and modernity: namely that Islam is a source of pre-modern rationales creating obstacles to modern governance and state maintenance processes. The book provides empirical insights into the connection between global modernity and modern frames for identity construction.

Not mere biological entities, bodies are conceptual and political battlegrounds, either instruments of domination or avenues of liberation. Throughout history and across cultures, bodies have been used to express social, racial, class, and gender differences. They have also been imagined as means: means for reproducing life and labor, means understood to be inscribed within a "natural" order. This concept has run through the entire history of Western metaphysics and culture, and its persistence and development has contributed to the establishment of cultural and political dominance by Western rationality and the white men who conceived it.

This book asks us to reconsider the theoretical and political power of means in relation to bodies. Stimilli problematizes the role of means in a hypertechnological era in which politics has come to be seen merely as administration, with no pretence of elaborating higher meanings or purposes. Are means, she asks, truly instruments subordinate to purposes unrelated to them, or could they be something else?

In a philosophical investigation into the meaning of means, Stimilli elaborates the political power of bodies as means, arguing that they are never neutral and lie at the origin of collective phenomena whose potential is still to be explored. From the United States to South America and Europe, from North Africa to the Middle East and beyond, bodies are at the center of enormous transnational and intersectional movements as non-instrumental means for new forms of social reproduction. A new sexuation of the world is now the order of the day.

This book tackles the key theoretical and practical challenges confronting humanity as it stands at the brink of self-destruction. Its wide ranging investigations counter the enfeeblement of thought and action by showing how reason can free itself of bondage to the principle of non-contradiction and reduction to calculation, how the reigning dogmas that block true knowledge of mind and obscure the limitations of artificial intelligence can be overcome, how language enables rather than limits the freedom of thinking and conduct, how the concrete context of action cannot rob it of its autonomy, why capital punishment is illegitimate, how caste can be overcome and religion can be reformed to be compatible with democracy, how fascism can be philosophically refuted, and how nuclear and climate change Armageddon can be averted in an era of globalization.

This book is essential reading for all scholars, researchers and advanced students of political philosophy and German idealism.

This edited volume offers a major reappraisal of contemporary hermeneutics through the lens of African philosophy. Moving beyond a text-centered model of interpretation, it shows how African hermeneutic traditions have reconfigured hermeneutics from within by engaging orality, myth, art, the lived body, memory, postcolonial history, and the search for a non-imperial universal. Across seventeen chapters, the book reconstructs the main currents of African hermeneutics from ancient interpretive traditions to ecological wisdom, narrative subjectivity, cultural restitution, and biblical interpretation. Its central claim is that meaning is never simply given: it is historically, symbolically, and practically mediated. This volume appeals to researchers and students; it brings African philosophy into dialogue with phenomenology, critical theory, theology, anthropology, and literary studies. It makes an original contribution to debates on interpretation, decolonization, and universality.

This book brings together scholars working in eleven different classical traditions - Greek, Chinese, Latin, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Arabic, Pali, Hittite, Egyptian, Japanese and Sumerian - to investigate how major texts in these traditions conceptualized, mapped and categorized the sentiments, attitudes and states we think of as emotion. This volume is distinctive in its focus on foundational questions concerning the categorization and conceptualization of emotion. It is also unique in its degree of collaboration among scholars working in different disciplines and in a vast range of ancient traditions. This book aims to build on the resources of these traditions to make an intervention in how we might think about emotions today.

This book assesses the conceptual and practical contributions of the normativist and well-being approaches to health. A particular emphasis is placed on the holistic theory of Lennart Nordenfelt. The contributions of this theory are synthesized and discussed, and their relevance is put to the test, particularly with regard to mental health, which is particularly original and innovative in the field. Particular attention is paid to Nordenfelt's notions of ability and compulsion, assessing their relevance to the definition of the pathological character of depression and addiction. In addition, the book includes discussions of the notions of function and harm, for which it proposes redefinitions that take account of the most recent developments in the philosophy of medicine. Finally, the book extends this reflection on the central notions emerging from normativism in the definition of health: well-being by providing a critical analysis of the relationship between those two concepts. Several chapters discuss the relevance of a notion of well-being in the definition of health, mobilizing the philosophy of well-being as well as medical ethics.

This volume brings together original contributions in algebraic logic, semantics, and a broad range of topics in non-classical logics. It offers a pluralistic perspective on contemporary logical research, encompassing developments in modal and higher-order frameworks, as well as paraconsistent, intuitionistic, and multivalued logics. The contributions place particular emphasis on semantic methods and algebraic structures, while also engaging with proof-theoretical and model-theoretical approaches, including a variety of consequence relations. Covering topics such as novel semantic frameworks, algebraic characterizations, and formal systems, the volume reflects the diversity and ongoing development of research in non-classical logics.
By gathering both established and emerging scholars, it provides a snapshot of current work at the intersection of algebra, semantics, and logical theory, and will be of interest to researchers and advanced students seeking a deeper understanding of contemporary developments across a wide spectrum of logical systems and methodologies.

This interdisciplinary volume arises out of the 2024 conference of the European Society for the Study of Science and Theology, held in Split, Croatia. Building on work in literature and textual studies, this book offers a series of provocations that deepen our understanding of narrative, theology, and science. A diverse array of narrative forms are examined, from science fiction (including science fiction cinema and AI narratives), to poetry, opera libretti, parables, and images in popular science magazines. These are used to develop new insights for theological, philosophical, scientific, and ethical inquiry, including questions about knowledge, humanness, flourishing, and purpose. The material gathered here will be of substantial value to those interested in science and religion, religious studies, philosophy, literature, art, and theology.

Sideways Developments examines Hong Kong Anglophone and Cantophone literature and visual culture to trace the forms of queer and trans survival and flourishing in the Asian century. Contesting the cisgender, heterosexual, linear tropes that constitute developmentalist narratives deployed by superpowers-from colonial Britain to 20th-century America to a rising China-Cheang argues that sideways aesthetics define the narratives through which the LGBTQ+ community navigates personal and socioeconomic transitions. Through formalist analyses of a range of genres, Cheang reveals the affordances of queer and trans cultures for addressing the question of Hong Kong during its period of promised transition until 2047.

In this moment of multiple crises, Sideways Developments offers a timely hermeneutic and theory of solidarity and sustainability. The book tracks how sideways aesthetics have evolved from a feature of LGBTQ+ plots, performance, and nonlinear approaches to space-time to a form of togetherness that links postcolonial Hong Kong with struggles worldwide. Using what Cheang terms intersectional formalism as an analytical tool, the book provides a multilayered examination of the alternative pathways exemplified by queer and trans resilience and regeneration.

This second edition of the successful textbook Philosophy of Science for Scientists offers an introduction to the philosophy of science. This new edition contains updated references and expanded discussions on seven important topics: knowledge, use of statistics in hypothesis testing, hermeneutics, causation, explanations of actions, models, and mental causation. It helps undergraduate students from the natural, the human and social sciences to gain an understanding of what science is, how it has developed, what its core traits are, how to distinguish between science and pseudo-science and to discover what a scientific attitude is. It argues against the common assumption that there is fundamental difference between natural and human science, with natural science being concerned with testing hypotheses and discovering natural laws, and the aim of human and some social sciences being to understand the meanings of individual and social group actions. Instead examines the similarities between the sciences and shows how the testing of hypotheses and doing interpretation/hermeneutics are similar activities. The book makes clear that lessons from natural scientists are relevant to students and scholars within the social and human sciences, and vice versa. It teaches its readers how to effectively demarcate between science and pseudo-science and sets criteria for true scientific thinking.

This volume is a broad exploration of the authorship and editorial practices behind the Encyclopedie of Diderot and D'Alembert, a monumental work of the Enlightenment.

It explores the intricate history of its creation, the identification of anonymous contributors, and the revolutionary impact of digital resources on scholarly research. The pioneering efforts of J. Lough, J. Proust, and R. N. Schwab laid the groundwork for uncovering the authorship of numerous unsigned articles. Recent studies, particularly those conducted by the ENCCRE project, have significantly expanded our understanding, identifying thousands of previously anonymous articles. This book provides an overview of these discoveries, the methodologies employed, and the renewed understanding of the Encyclopedie's editorial history and contributions.

This work is ideal for academics, historians, and anyone interested in the Enlightenment and the evolution of encyclopedic knowledge.

Rethinking space from the ground up through trans theory, philosophy, and radical possibility

Disorienting Phenomenology takes as its point of departure the trans mundane: entering a public restroom, moving through airport security, navigating professional spaces. These ordinary yet unsettling encounters become portals into urgent philosophical questions about space, embodiment, perception, power, and violence. Attending closely to how trans people experience everyday life, Eden Kinkaid shows that space is never neutral. It is felt, negotiated, and contested at the level of the body, shaping one's capacities, safety, and sense of self.

Weaving together philosophy, queer and trans studies, geography, and personal narrative, Kinkaid develops an intersectional theory of space grounded in lived experience. They bring the foundational spatial theories of Henri Lefebvre together with critical phenomenologies of gender, race, and disability to demonstrate how systems of oppression are built into the environments we inhabit, configuring movement and constraining possibility for minoritized people. Bold and interdisciplinary, Disorienting Phenomenology offers vital conceptual tools for understanding - and transforming - the worlds we move through each day.

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This book takes the reader on a philosophical journey into the core of modern finance, bringing to light the ideas, values, and contradictions that shape Wall Street and, through it, the global economy. It shows how markets have moved beyond their original role as instruments of exchange to become autonomous systems of power and meaning-systems that do not merely mirror economic and social realities, but actively participate in producing them.

Bringing together philosophy, economics, and history, A Philosophical Walk Down Wall Street explores how financial markets generate knowledge, how mathematical models come to possess authority, and why crises continue to recur in spite of increasing technological sophistication. Through rich case studies, ranging from the 2008 financial crisis to algorithmic trading, the book argues that concepts such as efficiency, risk, and value are not simply neutral analytical tools, but embody substantive philosophical claims about the nature of the world.

We seem to be living in an unprecedented polycrisis. Multiple crises - mass forced migration, imminent climate doom, pandemics, and the rise of the far right, to name a few - intersect and amplify each other to a degree never seen before. But the fact that voices from journalists to academics can so easily label this moment unprecedented, argues anthropologist Daniel M. Knight, is a problem. With this book, Knight builds a case against the polycrisis framework as an example of toxic presentism, in which our analytical gaze is blurred by deeply engrained assumptions about historical progression and linear time.

Against Polycrisis employs diverse lines of thought from anthropology, history, philosophy, and popular culture to unpack recent fascinations with the unprecedented polycrisis trope. Knight critically examines previous historical eras of overlapping crises - from Greece's recent economic collapse to the 1600s General Crisis to the fall of the Ottoman Empire - in conversation with philosophers, historians, and the next generation of humanistic thinkers, all enriched by reflections on science fiction and popular culture. Knight concludes that the toxic presentism perpetuated in politics, academia, and the media only serves to obscure how the world could be otherwise.

This book addresses a notable lacuna within the corpus of English-language scholarship by investigating Ham Sok Hon's philosophy of peace. Ham Sok Hon (1901-1989) is hailed as one of modern Korea's most influential figures, having been nominated twice for the Nobel Peace Prize. Throughout his life, he embraced various roles, including those of activist, journalist, historian, poet, and philosopher, while consistently advocating for democratization, human rights, and labor rights. Whereas existing literature primarily offers biographical narrative, this work provides a focused and systematic analysis of Ham's fundamental doctrines concerning peace and non-violence. Central to this analysis is an in-depth exploration of Ham's key concepts, such as "ssial philosophy," "saengmyeong (life) consciousness," and the intriguing notion of "tteut (meaning)." By drawing from a wide range of philosophical and religious traditions believed to have influenced Ham's thinking, including Christianity, Hinduism, Confucianism, Daoism, as well as works by notable figures like H.G. Wells, Henry David Thoreau, Henry Bergson, Rabindranath Tagore, and Mahatma Gandhi, the proposed text aims to provide a nuanced, syncretic understanding of his conception of peace. Furthermore, the book contributes to the overall global discourse on peace and nonviolence.

This book reconstructs and examines the complex history of Studia Logica, one of the world's leading journals in symbolic logic. While its origins can be traced to 1934, the journal has appeared as a continuous periodical since 1954. Its story is neither simple nor linear, shaped by shifting political contexts, intellectual alliances, and evolving research agendas, and in many ways more intricate than that of comparable journals beyond the Iron Curtain. This book recounts this history through the perspectives of those who shaped the journal-its editors, authors, reviewers, and readers highlighting how political change and academic networks influenced its development. The first part offers a chronological narrative of the journal's history, while the second turns to specific periods, from its early beginnings to its consolidation in the mid-twentieth century and its subsequent international expansion. This book provides both historians of logic and contemporary researchers with a deeper understanding of the role Studia Logica has played in the advancement of modern logic.

In this pathbreaking work, Linette Eunjoo Park tackles a core crisis in modern thought: how to critique antiblack violence without inadvertently preserving the violence itself. Arguing that previous radical theories - from critiques of racial capitalism to discourses of abolition - have failed to capture the unique, foundational violence of antiblackness, Park develops a framework that challenges the very limits of what critical thought can achieve against the staggering evidence of antiblackness.

The book moves beyond conventional historical or legal analyses to examine how antiblack violence - specifically through the concept of the "self-lynching" - is produced and enforced by the very legal and symbolic systems designed to abolish it. Focusing on contemporary arrests made under the "felony lynching" penal code in California, the book unearths a genealogy that authorizes these charges. Through an innovative analysis of case studies - including the historical elision of anti-lynching activist Delilah Beasley, Melvin Edwards's sculptures, Torkwase Dyson's paintings, and the judicial spectacle of Clarence Thomas's hearing - Beyond Abolition reveals the ultimate failure of racial representation to contain or critique antiblackness. By tarrying with these aesthetic and juridical fragments, the book exposes a structural and psychical "lynching" of blackness that persists even, and especially, within our most celebrated critical frameworks. It proposes a methodological shift: the urgent need to move past the imagination of a "real abolition" and toward the confrontation with the un-settable, violent foundation of the modern world.

This work tackles humanity's most enduring questions, from the origins of the universe to the nature of just war, by proposing a revolutionary epistemological framework that transcends traditional academic boundaries. The study argues that no single approach, whether realist or liberal, scientific or artistic, can fully capture truth's complexity. Instead, the book introduces a comprehensive four-spiral methodology that integrates cognitive (scientific), affective (artistic), intuitive (subliminal), and divinitive (spiritual) ways of knowing.

Through a cyclical process of observation, participation, and reflection, the book demonstrates how standing back to look, standing close to listen, taking part, and looking again creates an ever-deepening spiral of understanding. Each spiral, cognitive, affective, intuitive, and divinitive, offers unique insights that, when combined, reveal "radical wisdom as the truth about many truths." This methodology promises to bridge the gap between competing worldviews and provide a more complete framework for addressing life's fundamental questions.

The work challenges readers to move beyond the limitations of single-perspective thinking and embrace a pluralistic approach that honors both rational analysis and spiritual insight, empirical observation and emotional understanding.

Advocates for an approach to Christian end-times, not as the anticipation of particular futures, but as a way to inhabit the existential crises of our present, the 'times of extinction' in which we live

Public environmental concern has turned to the so-called "sixth mass extinction event" currently underway. The interdisciplinary field of extinction studies was established to increase our cultural understanding of that phenomenon, but hitherto there has been little engagement with religious faith and practice. This book stages the first conversation between extinction studies, Christian theology, and continental philosophy. It does so by reimagining eschatology-traditionally the study of "the last things" in Christian faith-for times of extinction.

Against an assumption that Christian belief in the end is essentially either about awaiting a final apocalyptic catastrophe or hoping for a final restoration of creation, the book argues that these are in fact the dubious hallmarks of what secular culture offers in precarious times. Christianity, by contrast, can offer plural conceptions of "ends" and "endings" whose purpose is not to exclusively or even primarily to anticipate the future, but rather to heighten the ethical, political, and existential significance of the present.

This work of re-imagining eschatology requires engaging some familiar theological sources in new light, ranging from St Augustine to eco-feminist theology. Its philosophical interlocutors are drawn from the continental tradition, bringing the insights of existentialism, phenomenology, and critical theory as indispensable lenses by which to reconceive the meanings of end-times.

The book will be essential reading to those in the environmental humanities and extinction studies curious about theology, and to scholars of theology and religion concerned about extinction, and planetary crises more broadly. It will appeal to those responding to the extinction crisis in different ways-political activists, educators, faith leaders-who wish to explore how religious and secular faith shape our thinking about the multiple crises of our present age.