哲学・社会思想・宗教 — 全 下位分類

This open access book is self-standing as the only substantive anthology of writings centered on John Dupre's work. Dupre is internationally regarded as one of the most prominent living philosophers of science. His work has had a profound impact on philosophy and biology over the last half century. From fundamental questions about classification to metaphysical debates about the nature of organisms and life, Dupre's writings have changed how scholars look at the life sciences and the natural world. But it is not just his published output that has re-shaped the field. It is also his philosophical methodology, characterised by a naturalistic and interdisciplinary approach. In part this approach was shaped by Dupre's interactions with natural and social scientists, an aspect of his approach to philosophy that is also reflected in his role as a co-founder and then Director of the Egenis Centre for the Study of Life Sciences. This book, edited and authored by many of the world's leading philosophers of the life sciences provides a key text on the interdisciplinary study of the life sciences with a particular emphasis on philosophy. It is of interest to philosophers of science and forms a methodological reference point for students in this field.

Engages with the life and ideas of the twelfth-century Shaiva mystic and philosopher-poet Allama Prabhu.

In his last, profoundly innovative work, D. R. Nagaraj (1954-1998) engages with the twelfth-century Shaiva mystic and philosopher-poet Allama Prabhu, whose enigmatic writings have perplexed many and thus resisted analysis. Nagaraj situates Allama in three intellectual contexts: the medieval philosophical world built around the worship of Shiva; the pan-Indian bhakti tradition; and, most broadly, Indian mystical thought. This framework enables a reconstruction of Allama through the poet's engagement with fellow poet-spiritualists (vachanakaras) such as Basava, as well as with the Kashmiri Shaiva philosopher Abhinavagupta and the founder of Hindu monasticism Gorakhnath. Nagaraj's close readings of Allama's vachanas offer a vision of Shaiva bhakti that seems to contradict the erotic and romantic expressive modes of Sringara rasa while tracing the limits of language for an understanding of the divine. Allama, Nagaraj suggests, is an epistemological iconoclast who expands the horizons of language and thought.

Through these explorations, Nagaraj decolonizes the standard modes of inquiry and critiques certain settled notions in Indian philosophy, revealing himself as a postcolonial scholar whose "hermeneutics of suspicion" leads to a novel understanding of Indian texts and traditions. Unifying literary criticism with critical theory, philosophical inquiry, and the history of ideas, the book's focus on a specific religious tradition-Virashaivism-is never singular, making it as much a work for scholars of Indian spiritualism and religious thought as for those interested in frameworks that transgress Eurocentricism. Translated into English by Kannada philosopher N. S. Gundur, this is a major contribution to studies of Indian philosophy and literature.

At the time of the conquest of Mexico, the anonymous authors of the Anales de Tlatelolco (1560s) recorded the deaths of two Mexica ritual specialists. During the tumultuous events of the times, Quauhnocthli (a telpochcalli specialist) and Quauhcoatl (a calmecac specialist) died protecting the temple of Huitzilopochtli and his bundled embodiement in the neighborhood of Huitznahuac.

Scholar Josefrayn Sanchez-Perry reconstructs the lives and labors of the two specialists, articulated through Nahuatl-language texts, material culture from neighborhood and temple spaces, and the academic study of religion. The book expands on known theories on Mexica ritual specialists by providing new insights about telpochcalli and calmecac duties, their interrelated educational models, and the collective practices that brought people, animals, flora, specialists, and teteo (more-than-human forces) together. The book demonstrates that telpochcalli and calmecac specialists shared the ritual responsibilities of collective and elective practices.

Giving care to teteo, giving life, and giving offerings were balanced with giving war, giving council, and giving music and dance. As Quauhnochtli and Quauhcoatl ensured the safety of the bundled Huitzilopochtli, they characterized how a Mexica ritual specialist lived and what they did.

A unique interpretation of Plato's account of moderation and the contemporary relevance of Plato's ethical thought.

Sophrosune is one of the four moral virtues-along with wisdom, courage, and justice-that Plato discusses most frequently, though it is perhaps the most difficult one for modern readers to understand. While this Greek term is often translated as "moderation," it is widely acknowledged that English does not have a suitable match for it. This book interprets Plato's masterful reflections on sophrosune in two of his dialogues, Gorgias and Phaedrus. Author Kristian Sheeley demonstrates that Plato depicts Socrates customizing his accounts of sophrosune for the sake of motivating his interlocutors to cultivate it in their own souls. By depicting Socrates attempting to turn his interlocutors toward the pursuit of virtue, Plato aims to make a similar impact on his readers. In addition, the book periodically reflects on the contemporary relevance of Plato's ethical discussions as they pertain to fundamental philosophical problems that continue to confront us today. Plato's writings on sophrosune and related issues contain powerful insights that offer us invaluable guidance.

The first translation of a major work of political philosophy by J. G. Fichte, as well several additional works that help contextualize some of his other widely misunderstood translated work.

After moving from Jena to Berlin, J. G. Fichte continued to develop and revise his political philosophy. The 1812 Doctrine of Right and Other Political Writings contains most of the major works by Fichte in this period. It includes several pieces, unpublished in Fichte's lifetime, that help contextualize his most well-known work, The Addresses to the German Nation (1807-1808). In addition, this volume contains two lecture series from Fichte's return to teaching at the University of Berlin. The first, Lectures on the Vocation of the Scholar (1811), revisits the topic of the purpose of the philosophical life that Fichte had discussed several times prior in his career. The second, The Doctrine of Right (1812), amplifies and revises his theory of justice, law, and contract that he had originally published in his Foundations of Natural Right (1797-1798).

This second edition improves upon the first by offering a more detailed treatment of key topics and by expanding the set of problems and exercises. In particular, four new features deserve mention. First, the book now includes a more thorough exposition of natural deduction, explaining how derivations can be represented as trees of formulas. Second, it provides a detailed explanation of the main proof methods, illustrated with examples. Third, it offers a separate exposition of the logic of identity. Fourth, it presents a fuller treatment of modal logic, including results on consistency, soundness, and completeness. Additional changes include new examples drawn from elementary mathematics, a refined notation, and a more functional subdivision of the material, which simplifies some proofs and enhances clarity and readability. Overall, the text preserves the style of the first edition, aiming to present core ideas clearly, concisely, and with minimal distractions.

A bold, systematic account of the role of repetition in shaping modern subjectivity for Kierkegaard, Freud, and Lacan.

Repetition and Subjectivity offers an in-depth exploration of the relationship between Kierkegaard's concept of repetition and the psychoanalytic one. Starting from the thesis that what lies at the heart of repetition is an ontological principle of duality, Bara Kolenc introduces four matrices of repetition: deflation, reformation, inflation, and formation. The fourth-formation-underlies the modern subject. While the contours of this scheme can be traced back to the ancient Greeks, Kierkegaard is the first to have articulated it fully, paving the way for Freud and Lacan to outline its logic most clearly. Rich and rigorous, Repetition and Subjectivity provides a new foundation for understanding modern subjectivity. Newly examining a range of philosophical and psychoanalytic concepts, from the Greek anamnesis (remembering) to the death drive and jouissance, Kolenc reveals repetition to be not simply a phenomenon but rather a central mechanism in forming the subject's relationship with reality.