哲学・社会思想・宗教 — 全 下位分類

In recent years numerous authors have claimed that underneath everything political there lies something religious - an underground religious substance, as it were. These religious elements, it is said, are the essence of political phenomena and the driving force of their history. Even in our modern 'secularized' politics, the heart of the matter, it is alleged, is religious, just as it was in the past. This fashion for the theological-political can be observed in the most varied trends in contemporary philosophy, from the work of Giorgio Agamben and Charles Taylor to that of Richard Rorty and Juergen Habermas.

In Geraldine Muhlmann's view, this 'theological-political' idea is a sham. It sheds no light on the factors that underlie key political developments, such as the crisis of liberal democracies and the rise of authoritarianism. It has nothing to say about the concrete ways in which religious points of reference, when they do exist, are used to wage war or to make politics. It contributes nothing to reflection on political matters and it leads us astray by failing to attend to their specific, complex and intertwined logics.

So what accounts for the rise of theological-political thought? Muhlmann argues that its popularity has less to do with a genuine attempt to understand politics and more to do with a desire by philosophers to demonstrate their ability to grasp the substantial basis of politics and the true direction of political history. In other words, the triumph of the theological-political is a philosophical hubris - and a dangerous one at that.

This ambitious inquiry into the rise of a troubling philosophical zeitgeist will be of great interest to students and scholars in philosophy, political theory and religious studies and to anyone interested in the ideas that are shaping our world today.

A cultural history of the relationship between music and trance in America, from the early colonial era to the Jazz Age.

Counterpoints of Ecstasy provides an engaging exploration of the relationship between music and self-transcendent experiences in America from the 1620s to the 1920s. It investigates how diverse Americans-from Puritan settlers to vaudeville entertainers-used music to find meaning in ecstasy, trance, and other mystical experiences that drastically altered their senses of subjectivity. These moments of profound transformation unfolded in settings as diverse as revival tents, concert halls, parlors, and movie theaters. The book introduces four distinct modes of self-transcendent experience-supernatural, natural, internal, and equivocal-demonstrating how various interpretations of ecstasy evolved out of and alongside each other. Blending historical analysis with cultural theory, the book integrates traditional narratives of disenchantment and re-enchantment, offering a richly textured account of music's power to dissolve boundaries and foster connection. A vital contribution to the histories of religion, spirituality, music, and American culture, Counterpoints of Ecstasy invites readers to reconsider the profound, sometimes paradoxical, role that music played in the quest for meaning beyond the self.

Critique and Immanence tells a critical and philosophical history of the succession of generations of Frankfurtian Critical Theory and presents a systematic Adorno-inspired argument concerning the concept of immanent critique. Rather than asking what it means for critique to be immanent, the book inverts the question; starting with more recent protagonists of this tradition, such as Rahel Jaeggi, and going all the way back to Adorno, it is guided by the question of what the scope of immanence is when critical theorists designate their own critique as immanent. To what precisely is critique immanent? To the extent that the boundaries delineating the space of immanence are redrawn by successive "generations," it becomes possible to continue coherently advocating an immanent form of critique, yet one that becomes increasingly less critical. This book rereads the Frankfurt School's family novel against the grain: beginning from its end, the book diagnoses a state of exhaustion in the tradition, whose defining symptom is its very self-thematization. As the book delves into this history in reverse, two distinct concepts of immanence are uncovered, along with two corresponding concepts of immanent critique. While Axel Honneth's positive "immanent critique" defines the space of the "social" as coextensive with normativity, thereby restricting the scope of critique, Adorno develops a dialectical and negative concept of immanence that contains transcendence within itself.

At the time of the conquest of Mexico, the anonymous authors of the Anales de Tlatelolco (1560s) recorded the deaths of two Mexica ritual specialists. During the tumultuous events of the times, Quauhnocthli (a telpochcalli specialist) and Quauhcoatl (a calmecac specialist) died protecting the temple of Huitzilopochtli and his bundled embodiement in the neighborhood of Huitznahuac.

Scholar Josefrayn Sanchez-Perry reconstructs the lives and labors of the two specialists, articulated through Nahuatl-language texts, material culture from neighborhood and temple spaces, and the academic study of religion. The book expands on known theories on Mexica ritual specialists by providing new insights about telpochcalli and calmecac duties, their interrelated educational models, and the collective practices that brought people, animals, flora, specialists, and teteo (more-than-human forces) together. The book demonstrates that telpochcalli and calmecac specialists shared the ritual responsibilities of collective and elective practices.

Giving care to teteo, giving life, and giving offerings were balanced with giving war, giving council, and giving music and dance. As Quauhnochtli and Quauhcoatl ensured the safety of the bundled Huitzilopochtli, they characterized how a Mexica ritual specialist lived and what they did.

This edited volume investigates the shaping, suppression, and circulation of medical and pharmaceutical knowledge in colonial Goa, situating these processes within the region's political, religious, and commercial networks. Spanning from the sixteenth to the early twentieth century, the chapters trace developments from Garcia de Orta's engagement with local plant-based knowledge to the compilation of herbaria used as medical vademecums across Jesuit global networks. The collection also explores the hybrid medical practices in eighteenth century Goan hospitals, the institutionalisation of medical education, and the contested legitimacy of healing practices during epidemics such as smallpox, plague, and cholera in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Rather than framing colonial medicine as a binary between European and Asian systems under a sanitary regime, the contributors draw on earlier historical layers to illuminate the complexities of medical knowledge production in Goa.

Philosophy and Finance is a timely and deeply personal exploration of two worlds too often kept apart. Drawing on the author's journey from global capital markets to ancient philosophy, this book bridges ethics and economics, inner life and institutional systems. From Aristotle and the Stoics to modern impact investing and sustainable finance, it argues that capital is never neutral-it reflects the values of those who allocate it.

True transformation, the author contends, begins within but must extend outward into the companies, markets, and economies we shape. Blending intellectual rigor with lived experience, this is not a technical manual but a reflective guide for professionals, investors, entrepreneurs, and changemakers seeking to align capital with conscience. In an age of acceleration and uncertainty, it offers a powerful reminder: finance guided by wisdom can become a force for human flourishing.

Explore the deep philosophical questions lurking in the Fallout wasteland

The Fallout franchise welcomes you to the Wasteland through both the post-nuclear role-playing games and the Amazon streaming series. Set against a retro-futuristic world of mutants, warlords, and weird science, the decent and wicked alike eke out survival despite the irradiated dangers surrounding them. But beneath the irreverent humor and constant violence, Fallout forces its players and characters into circumstances with weighty philosophical implications, and it compels fans of all stripes to consider complex, sometimes harrowing moral dilemmas.

Fallout and Philosophy tackles these issues head-on. In the 26 essays included in this volume, philosophers follow the implications of Fallout's dystopian world and the challenging questions it raises to their logical conclusions. Even if war never changes, could wars be waged justly? Is freedom possible in the closed and controlled world of the Vaults? Are "kill everything" playthroughs harmless fun, or are they ethically suspect?

• Are the Institute's synths mere machines, or are they people? How can we tell?
• Is the Brotherhood justified in hoarding pre-War technology?
• Is Lucy's Golden Rule too idealistic for the world outside her Vault?
• Is it defensible to bring children into a postapocalyptic wasteland?
• "Everyone disliked that" ending of Fallout 3, but why?

If you're a fan of the franchise and you want to think more deeply about - and more fully appreciate - all things Fallout, then it's time to climb out of your Vault and strap on your power armor. Let Fallout and Philosophy be your Wasteland Survival Guide.

Discloses the ways in which opacity and relation in the thought of Thales, Anaximandros, and Anaximenes depart from the predominant understanding of philosophy as clarity.

In Breaking Light D. M. Spitzer discloses the ways in which opacity and relation orient the thought of Thales, Anaximandros, and Anaximenes. In so doing, Breaking Light departs from a predominant understanding of philosophy as constituted by the principle of clarity-a principle already operative in Plato's and Aristotle's interpretations of the shadowy figures from the Greek east identified as the first philosophers, the Milesians. Drawing on opacity and relation as articulated by Martinican thinker Edouard Glissant and enhanced by the insights of Martin Heidegger and contemporary feminisms in the (trans-)continental tradition(s), Breaking Light lets the central terms orienting Milesian thinking-????, ???????, ???-radiate with the energies of provisionality, uncertainty, and abundance-of opacity. A comparative approach attends to figures like Pherekydes and texts from Egypt and the Near East that are understudied in the continental traditions.

The personal meaning of our action reveals who we are: understanding how that disclosure is possible enables us to describe our self-awareness more accurately and solve a raft of intellectual puzzles about our values and relationships.

Much of our action has personal meaning, meaning others are not entirely privy to. Our relationships can have a great deal of meaning or they can be of little meaning. Some of our actions register as important, others relatively unimportant. Sometimes we act in loving ways; sometimes we act out of fear. Sometimes we mean to do something with special moral value. Personal Meaning accounts for how we construct these features of our actions' meaning. It shows how we make sense of our relationships, our priorities, our emotions, and our morality in ways that can be reasonable or unreasonable. By laying out how we reason when we are being reasonable about personal matters, we discover what author Richard Prust calls the "character logic" of personal meaning. Appreciating its governance gives us two advantages: it lets us describe our lives more accurately than we can using the causal languages of science, and it enables us to find philosophical solutions to the issues discussed under these topics.

Explores the manifold ways in which Jains and Jain ideas become engaged in social worlds.

The Jain tradition, with roots in ancient India but now spread across the globe, is anything but static and monolithic. In Engaged Jainism, an interdisciplinary cohort of academics and practitioners explore the manifold ways in which Jains and Jain ideas become engaged in social worlds-historically, philosophically, philologically, and anthropologically. Following the legacy of Engaged Buddhism, the groundbreaking volume edited by Christopher S. Queen and Sallie B. King, this volume shows how Jain traditions become engaged in everyday life, puts Jain ideas in dialogue with Western philosophical traditions, and examines the ways in which Jains have maintained Jain identity in their engagement with other religious traditions and cultural influences in the past and present. Across all of these disciplinary approaches, Jainism emerges as a dynamic, protean, and diverse tradition.