哲学・社会思想・宗教 — 全 下位分類

This contributed volume investigates the non-Western understanding of happiness under the influence of various religions such as Buddhism, Confucianism, Shinto, and Christianity against Western thought on happiness. The chapters help clarify the particular characteristics of the concept of happiness that are unique to modern Japan. This book also reveals the regional deviations and historical determinants of the concept of happiness. The chapter authors represent an international collaboration, and thus open up new horizons for the study of the concept of happiness. This volume appeals to researchers and students working in these fields.

Islampolitik: The Role of Islam in Modern-State Building examines the interrelationship between Islam and state-building in global modernity. Synthesizing scholarship from the fields of sociology, political science, history, religious studies, Middle East, and Islamic studies, this book brings together theories from both below (subjectivities) and above (governance) into one comprehensive resource.

Islampolitik investigates how modern states draw on religion, specifically Islam, when creating templates for subjectivity formation of individuals and communities as part of their broader governance strategies. The book provides a needed challenge to the long-held perception amongst scholars of governance and modernity: namely that Islam is a source of pre-modern rationales creating obstacles to modern governance and state maintenance processes. The book provides empirical insights into the connection between global modernity and modern frames for identity construction.

Not mere biological entities, bodies are conceptual and political battlegrounds, either instruments of domination or avenues of liberation. Throughout history and across cultures, bodies have been used to express social, racial, class, and gender differences. They have also been imagined as means: means for reproducing life and labor, means understood to be inscribed within a "natural" order. This concept has run through the entire history of Western metaphysics and culture, and its persistence and development has contributed to the establishment of cultural and political dominance by Western rationality and the white men who conceived it.

This book asks us to reconsider the theoretical and political power of means in relation to bodies. Stimilli problematizes the role of means in a hypertechnological era in which politics has come to be seen merely as administration, with no pretence of elaborating higher meanings or purposes. Are means, she asks, truly instruments subordinate to purposes unrelated to them, or could they be something else?

In a philosophical investigation into the meaning of means, Stimilli elaborates the political power of bodies as means, arguing that they are never neutral and lie at the origin of collective phenomena whose potential is still to be explored. From the United States to South America and Europe, from North Africa to the Middle East and beyond, bodies are at the center of enormous transnational and intersectional movements as non-instrumental means for new forms of social reproduction. A new sexuation of the world is now the order of the day.

This book assesses the conceptual and practical contributions of the normativist and well-being approaches to health. A particular emphasis is placed on the holistic theory of Lennart Nordenfelt. The contributions of this theory are synthesized and discussed, and their relevance is put to the test, particularly with regard to mental health, which is particularly original and innovative in the field. Particular attention is paid to Nordenfelt's notions of ability and compulsion, assessing their relevance to the definition of the pathological character of depression and addiction. In addition, the book includes discussions of the notions of function and harm, for which it proposes redefinitions that take account of the most recent developments in the philosophy of medicine. Finally, the book extends this reflection on the central notions emerging from normativism in the definition of health: well-being by providing a critical analysis of the relationship between those two concepts. Several chapters discuss the relevance of a notion of well-being in the definition of health, mobilizing the philosophy of well-being as well as medical ethics.

This volume is a broad exploration of the authorship and editorial practices behind the Encyclopedie of Diderot and D'Alembert, a monumental work of the Enlightenment.

It explores the intricate history of its creation, the identification of anonymous contributors, and the revolutionary impact of digital resources on scholarly research. The pioneering efforts of J. Lough, J. Proust, and R. N. Schwab laid the groundwork for uncovering the authorship of numerous unsigned articles. Recent studies, particularly those conducted by the ENCCRE project, have significantly expanded our understanding, identifying thousands of previously anonymous articles. This book provides an overview of these discoveries, the methodologies employed, and the renewed understanding of the Encyclopedie's editorial history and contributions.

This work is ideal for academics, historians, and anyone interested in the Enlightenment and the evolution of encyclopedic knowledge.

This edited volume offers a major reappraisal of contemporary hermeneutics through the lens of African philosophy. Moving beyond a text-centered model of interpretation, it shows how African hermeneutic traditions have reconfigured hermeneutics from within by engaging orality, myth, art, the lived body, memory, postcolonial history, and the search for a non-imperial universal. Across seventeen chapters, the book reconstructs the main currents of African hermeneutics from ancient interpretive traditions to ecological wisdom, narrative subjectivity, cultural restitution, and biblical interpretation. Its central claim is that meaning is never simply given: it is historically, symbolically, and practically mediated. This volume appeals to researchers and students; it brings African philosophy into dialogue with phenomenology, critical theory, theology, anthropology, and literary studies. It makes an original contribution to debates on interpretation, decolonization, and universality.

This book brings together scholars working in eleven different classical traditions - Greek, Chinese, Latin, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Arabic, Pali, Hittite, Egyptian, Japanese and Sumerian - to investigate how major texts in these traditions conceptualized, mapped and categorized the sentiments, attitudes and states we think of as emotion. This volume is distinctive in its focus on foundational questions concerning the categorization and conceptualization of emotion. It is also unique in its degree of collaboration among scholars working in different disciplines and in a vast range of ancient traditions. This book aims to build on the resources of these traditions to make an intervention in how we might think about emotions today.

This book argues that these failures stem from a persistent neglect of the region's complex historical, political, and socio-economic realities. Terrorism in the Sahel has deep historical roots, yet many analyses overlook this long continuum and treat the violence as a recent development. Such ahistorical approaches have contributed to repeated policy failures. Regional and international counter-terrorism initiatives-from ECOWAS and the African Union to long-standing U.S. training programs and Russia's newer military engagements-have achieved little in reversing the militants' expansion. Heavy-handed operations, particularly by Russian forces, have further alienated local populations.

National security strategies cannot succeed within a transnational conflict system that spans the Sahel's vast, porous landscapes. International interventions have often reinforced authoritarian regimes while ignoring the structural drivers of radicalization and the infiltration of state institutions by militant actors.

Drawing on historical analysis and contemporary field dynamics, this book traces the emergence of key Islamist movements, examines the socio-economic factors sustaining them, and provides a detailed profile of the major groups operating across the Sahel. It also evaluates the effectiveness of regional and global counter-terrorism actors. The concluding recommendations outline practical measures to reduce the influence of Salafist jihadism and promote genuine long-term stability in the region.

Visions of Buddhist hell transformed fear of death into ritual care and hope for salvationIn thirteenth-century Japan, death was fraught with spiritual uncertainty. Salvation depended on dying with perfect concentration on the Buddha-an ideal that was seemingly unattainable amid political upheaval, famine, and social instability. The Ill-Fated Afterlife uncovers a striking religious response to those anxieties: vivid paintings of the Buddhist underworld created to care for the dead.

Centered on a monumental set of thirteenth-century Six Paths paintings preserved at Shojuraikoji temple, the study explores how images of hell functioned not merely as warnings about karmic punishment but as active ritual tools. Through careful analysis of their iconography, ritual use, and preservation, Miriam Chusid reveals how these paintings reshaped understandings of death, salvation, and the Buddhist cosmos in medieval Japan.

Scenes of torment, judgment before King Enma, and miraculous liberation invited viewers to confront suffering while participating in practices intended to aid the deceased. Rather than reinforcing a purely retributive vision of the afterlife, these images opened pathways for compassion, merit transfer, and salvation-even for those believed to face the greatest spiritual obstacles, including women and sinners.

Bringing together art history, ritual studies, and the material history of Buddhist objects, The Ill-Fated Afterlife demonstrates how powerful images transformed fear of the afterlife into a dynamic system of care for the living and the dead.

Through newly transcribed and translated lectures, Deleuze explores Spinoza's philosophy concerning questions of good and evil and humanity's potential for realizing a full life

Available for the first time in English, On Spinoza presents the annotated transcripts of Gilles Deleuze's fifteen seminars on the seventeenth-century philosopher's Ethics, delivered at the experimental University of Vincennes at the behest of Michel Foucault. Spinoza's ambitious treatise was central to Deleuze's thought, and his course provides an accessible framework for understanding the vitality of Spinoza's philosophy.

In an informal classroom setting, Deleuze addresses fundamental aspects of Spinoza's thought: How does one undo the negativity of harmful passions such as hate, resentment, and envy? How can a system of moral judgment based on good and evil be replaced by a more sophisticated ethics of the good and the bad? And since such questions commit Spinoza to a new theory of signs, Deleuze also delves into his thinking on how these signs should guide human existence and the differences between concepts of eternity, experienced in the here and now, and the immortality promised by philosophy and religion.

Building gradually from session to session, Deleuze shows how Spinoza rejects a hierarchical reality dominated by an authoritarian and impenetrable God, instead proposing a world ruled by light and reason in which all beings are equal. Annotated by David Lapoujade and including recorded exchanges with Deleuze's students, On Spinoza offers a rare window into Deleuze's teaching, offering readers a guide for linking Spinoza to other philosophers - including Deleuze himself.

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Indigenous peoples in the United States are perhaps more legally, politically, and culturally visible in the mainstream today than at any point since 1870. This shift breathes new life into old questions about Native sovereignty, philosophy, and ethics. In this book, Samuel Piccolo takes up this prompt and asks what we can learn about these as uniquely indigenous concepts, as well as sites of underappreciated overlap with North American political, legal, and philosophical traditions.

Piccolo takes seriously the intellectual traditions and perspectives of Native American peoples, arguing that their accounts of sovereignty and political legitimacy are fundamental claims about the world, and not simply reactions to colonial oppression. Presenting Indigenous political philosophy as a tradition that understands itself as a continuation of precolonial thought, rich with its own positive metaphysical, ethical, and political perspectives, Piccolo establishes a dialogue between this tradition and one important pillar in Western philosophy, neo-Aristotelianism.

Exploring the implications of this link allows Piccolo to make critical interventions across several scholarly fields, in particular by locating a common understanding of morality as embedded in nature. This corrective lens rewrites contemporary defenses of Indigenous sovereignty, making the case that it must be understood in relation to the substantive philosophy that undergirds it. Moreover, Instruments of the Soul finds in Native and Aristotelian perspectives some relief from the imbricated ills by which we are afflicted-novel understandings of our relationship with the nonhuman world, universal virtues, and alternative approaches to politics rooted in community.

The thinkers in this book urge us to be motivated, not by anxiety about power, but wonder at the potential for meaning, beauty, and goodness around us amidst the tumult of contemporary life.

This book offers the first full-length consideration of Emilie du Chatelet and Immanuel Kant. Connections between these two figures have thus far been neglected despite a recent surge of scholarly interest in Du Chatelet and her work. This book explores Kant's direct engagement with Du Chatelet in his first published work and examines the extent to which Kant was influenced by key features of Du Chatelet's work, such as her theory of space and time, her distinctive version of idealism, and her account of mathematical objects as partly dependent on our faculty of imagination. By putting these philosophers in dialogue on such topics as fire and subtle matter; the nature of causation; scientific hypotheses; the constitution of matter; mathematical truth; and time and change, this book becomes a must-read for those interested in the history and philosophy of science.

This book takes the reader on a philosophical journey into the core of modern finance, bringing to light the ideas, values, and contradictions that shape Wall Street and, through it, the global economy. It shows how markets have moved beyond their original role as instruments of exchange to become autonomous systems of power and meaning-systems that do not merely mirror economic and social realities, but actively participate in producing them.

Bringing together philosophy, economics, and history, A Philosophical Walk Down Wall Street explores how financial markets generate knowledge, how mathematical models come to possess authority, and why crises continue to recur in spite of increasing technological sophistication. Through rich case studies, ranging from the 2008 financial crisis to algorithmic trading, the book argues that concepts such as efficiency, risk, and value are not simply neutral analytical tools, but embody substantive philosophical claims about the nature of the world.

Rethinking space from the ground up through trans theory, philosophy, and radical possibility

Disorienting Phenomenology takes as its point of departure the trans mundane: entering a public restroom, moving through airport security, navigating professional spaces. These ordinary yet unsettling encounters become portals into urgent philosophical questions about space, embodiment, perception, power, and violence. Attending closely to how trans people experience everyday life, Eden Kinkaid shows that space is never neutral. It is felt, negotiated, and contested at the level of the body, shaping one's capacities, safety, and sense of self.

Weaving together philosophy, queer and trans studies, geography, and personal narrative, Kinkaid develops an intersectional theory of space grounded in lived experience. They bring the foundational spatial theories of Henri Lefebvre together with critical phenomenologies of gender, race, and disability to demonstrate how systems of oppression are built into the environments we inhabit, configuring movement and constraining possibility for minoritized people. Bold and interdisciplinary, Disorienting Phenomenology offers vital conceptual tools for understanding - and transforming - the worlds we move through each day.

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We seem to be living in an unprecedented polycrisis. Multiple crises - mass forced migration, imminent climate doom, pandemics, and the rise of the far right, to name a few - intersect and amplify each other to a degree never seen before. But the fact that voices from journalists to academics can so easily label this moment unprecedented, argues anthropologist Daniel M. Knight, is a problem. With this book, Knight builds a case against the polycrisis framework as an example of toxic presentism, in which our analytical gaze is blurred by deeply engrained assumptions about historical progression and linear time.

Against Polycrisis employs diverse lines of thought from anthropology, history, philosophy, and popular culture to unpack recent fascinations with the unprecedented polycrisis trope. Knight critically examines previous historical eras of overlapping crises - from Greece's recent economic collapse to the 1600s General Crisis to the fall of the Ottoman Empire - in conversation with philosophers, historians, and the next generation of humanistic thinkers, all enriched by reflections on science fiction and popular culture. Knight concludes that the toxic presentism perpetuated in politics, academia, and the media only serves to obscure how the world could be otherwise.

This book reconstructs and examines the complex history of Studia Logica, one of the world's leading journals in symbolic logic. While its origins can be traced to 1934, the journal has appeared as a continuous periodical since 1954. Its story is neither simple nor linear, shaped by shifting political contexts, intellectual alliances, and evolving research agendas, and in many ways more intricate than that of comparable journals beyond the Iron Curtain. This book recounts this history through the perspectives of those who shaped the journal-its editors, authors, reviewers, and readers highlighting how political change and academic networks influenced its development. The first part offers a chronological narrative of the journal's history, while the second turns to specific periods, from its early beginnings to its consolidation in the mid-twentieth century and its subsequent international expansion. This book provides both historians of logic and contemporary researchers with a deeper understanding of the role Studia Logica has played in the advancement of modern logic.

This work tackles humanity's most enduring questions, from the origins of the universe to the nature of just war, by proposing a revolutionary epistemological framework that transcends traditional academic boundaries. The study argues that no single approach, whether realist or liberal, scientific or artistic, can fully capture truth's complexity. Instead, the book introduces a comprehensive four-spiral methodology that integrates cognitive (scientific), affective (artistic), intuitive (subliminal), and divinitive (spiritual) ways of knowing.

Through a cyclical process of observation, participation, and reflection, the book demonstrates how standing back to look, standing close to listen, taking part, and looking again creates an ever-deepening spiral of understanding. Each spiral, cognitive, affective, intuitive, and divinitive, offers unique insights that, when combined, reveal "radical wisdom as the truth about many truths." This methodology promises to bridge the gap between competing worldviews and provide a more complete framework for addressing life's fundamental questions.

The work challenges readers to move beyond the limitations of single-perspective thinking and embrace a pluralistic approach that honors both rational analysis and spiritual insight, empirical observation and emotional understanding.

Advocates for an approach to Christian end-times, not as the anticipation of particular futures, but as a way to inhabit the existential crises of our present, the 'times of extinction' in which we live

Public environmental concern has turned to the so-called "sixth mass extinction event" currently underway. The interdisciplinary field of extinction studies was established to increase our cultural understanding of that phenomenon, but hitherto there has been little engagement with religious faith and practice. This book stages the first conversation between extinction studies, Christian theology, and continental philosophy. It does so by reimagining eschatology-traditionally the study of "the last things" in Christian faith-for times of extinction.

Against an assumption that Christian belief in the end is essentially either about awaiting a final apocalyptic catastrophe or hoping for a final restoration of creation, the book argues that these are in fact the dubious hallmarks of what secular culture offers in precarious times. Christianity, by contrast, can offer plural conceptions of "ends" and "endings" whose purpose is not to exclusively or even primarily to anticipate the future, but rather to heighten the ethical, political, and existential significance of the present.

This work of re-imagining eschatology requires engaging some familiar theological sources in new light, ranging from St Augustine to eco-feminist theology. Its philosophical interlocutors are drawn from the continental tradition, bringing the insights of existentialism, phenomenology, and critical theory as indispensable lenses by which to reconceive the meanings of end-times.

The book will be essential reading to those in the environmental humanities and extinction studies curious about theology, and to scholars of theology and religion concerned about extinction, and planetary crises more broadly. It will appeal to those responding to the extinction crisis in different ways-political activists, educators, faith leaders-who wish to explore how religious and secular faith shape our thinking about the multiple crises of our present age.