哲学・社会思想・宗教 — 全 下位分類

An Orthodox Christian theological defense of liberal democracy that builds on the daring Christian humanist reinterpretation of incarnation and deification (theosis) in the Russian religious philosophy of Divine-Humanity.

At a time when Christianity is becoming increasingly associated with anti-liberal and authoritarian sentiment, Deifying Democracy offers a theological defense of liberal democracy grounded in the Orthodox Christian doctrine of deification (theosis). Building on the participatory metaphysics of "Divine-Humanity" in the modern Russian theologians Vladimir Soloviev, Sergei Bulgakov, and S. L. Frank, the book challenges the widespread view - perpetuated by prominent Orthodox voices, including Patriarch Kirill of Moscow - that deification is fundamentally incompatible with liberal democracy and universal human rights. The book particularly responds to the liberalism critique of John Mibank, who enlists modern Russian theology and its understanding of deification in support of an alternative "postliberal" Christian political order. The book develops a "politics of theosis" that grounds a form of liberal democracy within the ongoing story of God's incarnation and humanity's deification. By recovering a theological foundation for human dignity and democratic participation in human persons' vocation to become "partakers of the divine nature" through free and creative cooperation with God's deifying grace, the work offers an alternative to both secular liberalism and religious anti-liberalism.

The central argument proposes a "double movement," modeled on the Chalcedonian confession of Christ's divine-human unity, of supporting liberal democracy while working from within to transform it according to the principles of Christian love embodied in the Russian doctrine of sobornost', or ecclesial communion. Rather than replacing liberal democracy with a Christian political order, the book advocates the work of "deifying democracy"-building up the liberal democratic institutions that facilitate human deification while seeking to incarnate sobornost' in society through loving democratic dialogue about common goods.

The book will be of interest to readers hoping to understand how theosis, a central motif of Orthodox theology, can redeem and enrich rather than undermine liberal democratic values and institutions, as well as how liberal democracy is a system capable of serving the world's deification.

The story of a pioneering cardinal who was a key architect of the Roman Catholic Church's ecumenical and interreligious commitment

Catholicism during the twentieth century was characterized by changing Church attitudes toward other religions. At the center of these changes was Johannes Willebrands, the pioneering Dutch cardinal.

Johannes Willebrands uncovers the life of this man who led the world's largest religion to embrace dialogue and religious liberty. Drawing on newly discovered archival sources, Karim Schelkens tells the story of how Willebrands, who lived through two world wars, was moved to launch under-the-radar initiatives that helped move European Catholics beyond an attitude of condemning Protestants, Eastern Orthodox, Jews, and Muslims in the postwar years. His diplomatic role became central once these initiatives were adopted during the Second Vatican Council, leading to a surge in interreligious dialogue and worldwide changes in the relationship of the Catholic world with those outside it. Through these initiatives, Willebrands also influenced the relationship between communities on either side of the Iron Curtain.

Previously published in Dutch, this English translation of Johannes Willebrands sheds new light on what drove the pivotal changes to the Catholic Church in the Cold War era. Readers interested in political-diplomatic history, interreligious dialogue, ecumenism, Church history, the Vatican, and Catholicism will gain a new perspective on the diplomatic efforts behind this shift.

A theological map of markets as ambiguous-and improvable-moral contexts

Do markets corrupt us, or support our character? They do both, argues Christina McRorie in The World of Markets. She engages empirical research on economic decision-making to identify both the conditions under which markets encourage selfish and opportunistic behaviors and those under which markets do the opposite, encouraging just and even generous actions. This influence over our decisions suggests that markets may also shape our agency itself, over time. How should Christians make theological sense of this?

Highlighting the tensions woven into the theological concept of "the world"-given that it is beloved by God and yet also a dangerous realm of moral darkness-The World of Markets builds a case for viewing markets as ambiguous worlds that mediate both sin and grace in our daily lives by influencing our moral agency. In light of God's own love for the world, it proposes that Christians are called to approach markets with an attitude that balances critique with appreciation and to collaborate with others to make markets more grace-filled contexts. Toward this end, The World of Markets identifies concrete ways that markets can become a world where it is easier to be good.

When Western missionaries first introduced Protestant Christianity to Korea in 1884, Korean converts adopted beliefs and practices that defied prevailing Confucian norms, including distinct faith-based rituals. By the turn of the twentieth century, during the final years of the Choson dynasty, competing cultural and religious viewpoints started to roil Korean society with frenzied - even life-and-death - controversies over ritual practice. But this was just the beginning. After Japan annexed Korea in 1910, such controversies grew to command the very forefront of public attention, as Koreans and Japanese officials advanced conflicting aspirations for ritual transformation against the backdrop of colonial politics.

New Protestant rites revealed religion to be a source of perpetual division at a time when disparate groups, including Confucian intellectuals, Korean cultural nationalists, and Japanese colonial authorities, each aspired to unify rites - and the Korean people - in service of their competing cultural, social, and political agendas. Hajin Jun argues that Protestant Christianity triggered a public reckoning over the place of religious difference in Korean society. Fast-proliferating ritual reforms not only sought to restrain unruly faith-based rites but religious difference itself, efforts that turned increasingly coercive as the Japanese empire shifted towards war. By tracing this story of ritual change, Unruly Rites sheds new light on the fraught intersection of religion and political power in colonial Korea.

Since the 1990s, Evangelicalism has spread rapidly across Brazil, reshaping the country's religious landscape. This transformation has captured media attention across the Americas, yet few works offer a structured and theory-based account of the phenomenon.

The Economic Roots of Evangelicalism in Brazil provides a detailed and empirically grounded analysis of this expansion through the lens of microeconomic theory. Rather than attributing the rise of Evangelicalism only to its appeal among the poor, this book examines the "production technologies" of religion. The authors explore how Evangelical churches opened temples, scaled operations, and reached converts nationwide-within a regulatory environment broadly favorable to religious entrepreneurship.

Drawing on data and analysis surrounding the microeconomics of consumers and firms, the authors demonstrate how Evangelical churches developed a dynamic organizational model that positioned them at the forefront of Brazil's religious market. Bridging economics, sociology, political science, and religion, this book offers a rare interdisciplinary perspective on one of the most consequential social transformations in contemporary Latin America.

Explores the great diversity of Catholic people and musical styles in the early American Republic from the wilderness of Maine, through the bustling cities of Boston to Baltimore, among immigrants from France and Haiti, to the rolling hills of Kentucky.

As the first comprehensive look at Early American Catholic musical culture, The Wilderness and Cities Raise Their Voices provides a broader perspective than earlier studies of specific hymn collections. It thereby opens a new vista into the variety of Catholic music in the young nation. Rather than focusing simply on repertoire, this is the first study of Catholic musical culture between the years of 1783 and 1830.

This study focuses on five cities which would become the first dioceses in the United States: Baltimore, Boston, Bardstown, Philadelphia, and New York. In some cities, bishops took a great interest in music: Cheverus in Boston and David in Bardstown, for example. In other cities, it was the laity who took control, notably in Philadelphia.

With the exception of Philadelphia, no semblance of a Catholic musical culture in Britain's American colonies has come down to us in any documented or retrievable form. Yet as soon as independence was achieved, Rome recognized an American Church in the appointment of John Carroll. Under his inspiration, developing Catholic musical culture became an important priority in many different areas of the new country.

It is a fascinating period in American Catholic history where women composers, organists, and conductors could be found working side by side with their male counterparts in the cities of Boston and Baltimore while plainchant could be heard from the forests of northern Maine to the wilderness of Kentucky. Yet it was also becoming a period of rapid change. The flow of Catholic immigrants and the growth of the commercial musical press gently moved their musical culture toward more popular styles with a more devotional content.

This book project presents a set of perspectives surveying critical theories of racial identity and racism, in light of the history of colonial and neocolonial Christendom in Latin America and the United States. It frames the fundamental ideological power of racism in Western modernity (since 1492), including the role of racial identification in the globalization of capitalism. The volume also considers several approaches for understanding the construction of race: narrative and biographical approaches, critical theories of race and racial discourse, and presents several sketches of historical moments in Spain, Latin America, and the U.S ultimately illustrating how racialized religious conflicts shaped the modern, globalized social order. It is a perfect read for scholars of Latinx Theology, Latin American Religious History and Critical Race Studies.

Draws on queer theories of temporality and subjectivity to challenge the telos of a singular Christian identity within feminist theological accounts of formation.

How Not to be Christian theologically and theoretically explores ethical and political questions around identity and intersectionality. How do we think about our identities theologically? How do we think about how the different aspects of our identities relate to each other theologically? And, how do we think about religious identity in relation to other social identities? In particular, this project explores formation-how we become selves with identities. It examines how theologians have turned to formation in the pursuit of a generous orthodoxy, exploring how a diverse range of theologians and ethicists shaped by postliberalism have looked to Christian identity as an ethical resource in the pursuit of inclusion and justice with regards to other social identities-what this project refers to as forms of intrasubjective difference. Focusing particularly on prominent feminist and queer theologies (looking to the work of Elizabeth Stuart, Sarah Coakley, and Serene Jones), this book critically examines how they presume and posit a singular, stable vision of religious identity as the telos to which gender and sexual identities must bend. It argues that the gender and sexual difference they aim to make space for is effaced by and subsumed into Christian identity. Engaging with poststructuralist thought (especially the work of Michel Foucault) and queer theories around performativity (Judith Butler) and temporality (Lee Edelman and Jose Esteban Munoz), as well as theological reflections on method, anthropology, and sin, this book considers both the limits and costs of the teleological thrust underlying these accounts of formation. From there, it explores the possibilities of unformation, and (de)constructively considers what it might mean to pursue unformation in both theological method and ethics-in how we do theology and in how we live

A leading Catholic historian tells the fascinating story of how the Jesuits shaped the modern world

Since its founding by Ignatius of Loyola in 1540, the Society of Jesus-commonly known as the Jesuits-has played a critical role in the events of modern history.

In A Concise History of the Jesuits, Markus Friedrich, a leading historian of the Jesuits in academia, tells the story of the Society of Jesus from its founding to the papacy of Francis, the first Jesuit pope. Drawing on meticulous archival research and previous scholarship, he explores the profound societal impact of the Jesuits' humanist colleges, spiritual tradition, and global outreach-far beyond ecclesiastical boundaries. In fact, no other religious order has been more successful-or more contentious. Unlike other orders, the Jesuits do not wear distinctive clerical garments or reside in monasteries. Instead, they are educators, missionaries, and religious leaders. They formed a global network led by influential superiors general, while pledging unwavering obedience to the pope. Friedrich highlights their extraordinary cultural and intellectual contributions through their prominent roles in science, religion, missions, and politics.

A Concise History of the Jesuits illustrates the Jesuits' complicated and, at times, controversial history. Through this insightful introduction, readers interested in Catholicism and Jesuit history will gain a deeper understanding of the character and history of the Society of Jesus.

This book confronts the enduring tension between psychoanalysis and religion. Taking as its point of departure Lacan's provocative late claim about the "triumph of religion," it probes why psychoanalysis has struggled to counteract the nihilistic drift of contemporary culture.

Partly agreeing with Freud's view of religion as a defense against existential and psychic suffering, the book also considers the limits of psychoanalytic discourse to speak on religious matters and especially faith. Through a personal and philosophical review of childhood encounters with infinite regress and uncontained void, the book traces Descartes' cogito, its Lacanian reworking as the unconscious, the Borromean knot, and the sinthome, ultimately revealing the subject's irreducible incompleteness and fundamental lack where religion makes a home.

In a twilight modern age, the ambivalent nonbeliever Simon of Cyrene emerges as a striking religious exemplar compelled to adopt a burden beyond his comprehension. The book closes by asking whether psychoanalysis can still equip individuals to resist the denaturing, dehumanizing forces of our New Dark Age-and what future, if any, it may have in the landscape it helped to shape. Blending rigorous psychoanalytic insight with theological reflection, this work speaks urgently to readers in psychoanalysis, religious studies, philosophy, and cultural theory who seek to understand the perseverance of faith amid the unraveling certainties of secularism.

The first English-language translation of a major biblical commentary written in Arabic by a seminal figure in the history of Christianity in the Middle East.

Abu-l-Faraj ibn al-?ayyib (d. 1043) spent his adult life in Baghdad, where he served as a priest in the Church of the East around the turn of the first millenium. He was a polymath - a physician, philosopher, and theologian - and part of an illustrious line of teachers dedicated to the transmission of scientific knowledge from Greek into Syriac and then later into Arabic. He authored commentaries on Aristotle, Galen, and Hippocrates, as well as original treatises on the Trinity, science and miracles, Christian law, and the resurrection. His major works of biblical interpretation included a complete commentary on the Bible, entitled The Paradise of Christianity. The first part of it, his Commentary on Genesis, is translated here into English for the first time and accompanied by a critical introduction to Ibn al-?ayyib's life and writings; the form, method, and content of his biblical interpretation; and his theology of creation and the divine Word.

This open access celebratory volume marks the twentieth anniversary of the Asian Theological Institute (ATI), which is committed to mentoring and building community as resources for sustaining future theological work. It gathers contributions from a number of ATI's alumni and alumnae across diverse disciplines, ethnicities, career stages, and geographical locations to reflect on their experiences with ATI, their own scholarship, and the culture of the academy. More than retrospective, this anthology demonstrates how Asian and Asian American theologians are advancing innovative scholarship while building intergenerational networks of support. By weaving together critical reflection, constructive theology, and personal witness, this collection not only honors ATI's legacy but also points toward the dynamic future of Asian and Asian American theological studies.

This volume examines the role of faith-based organizations in providing social support within secular welfare states, with a particular focus on Western Catholic-majority countries. Drawing from historical and contemporary perspectives, the book explores the tensions and synergies between religiously inspired solidarity practices and secular welfare regimes. By addressing these dynamics through an interdisciplinary lens, the volume offers fresh insights into how religious solidarity adapts and persists in post-secular, ethnically and culturally diverse, and crisis-affected societies.

This book is part I of a two-volume set that offers a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach of Ethics in Science Education, including contributions from leading authors across various countries and cultural contexts. Through theoretical reflections and empirical studies, the chapters approach topics such as the anthropocene, climate and biodiversity crisis, ecopedagogy, virtues, and animal ethics. The common thread to all chapters is their attempt to answer the following question: How can ethical development within science education lead to personal and socioenvironmental transformations? By emphasizing the importance of ethics and the cultivation of ethical virtues in the field of science education, this book aims to inspire anyone interested in the adoption of a value-ethical-driven approach to socioenvironmental action, fostering more just and sustainable societies. It serves as a vital resource for anyone engaged in the quest for solutions to today's pressing socioenvironmental challenges, especially science education researchers, science teachers, and activists.

Tone Roald creates a new foundation for aesthetics by taking seriously real-life experiences with works of art. Relying upon descriptions of experiences with art in the autobiographical and literary texts of St. Augustine, Denis Diderot, Stendahl, Virginia Woolf, and Proust, as well as fifteen-years' worth of interviews with museumgoers about their most intense experiences with visual arts, Roald explores the variety of aesthetic experiences available to us throughout history and articulates why experiences with art remain important today. The book draws upon phenomenological psychology, psychoanalysis, and cultural theory to articulate a taxonomy of basic affective experiences with art. What affect is, what affective experiences with art are like, and what meanings these experiences have for us have been limited in aesthetic theory. Beginning with pleasure, continuing with wonder and resonance, and ending with rapture and serenity, she notably reveals similarities in aesthetic experience across history. Roald's work seeks a democratization of art; not concerned with the "correct interpretation" of the work of art or with idealized responses to art, this eye-opening new approach grants primacy to experience - historical and contemporary - and lays an experiential foundation for the development of a different kind of aesthetic theory.

This book examines recent and significant changes in Religious Education (RE) within Catholic schools in England, situating them within broader global debates about curriculum reform. It analyses the origins, rationale, and implications of the Religious Education Directory, which represents a major shift in the aims, structure, and content of RE in the Catholic sector.

The book provides a clear overview of why reform has been deemed necessary and offers a critical assessment of the Directory's theoretical and theological foundations. It identifies both the strengths and limitations of the new framework, while also addressing the practical challenges associated with its implementation in schools. Particular attention is given to the ways in which educators and institutions might respond to these challenges and enact meaningful curriculum innovation.

By evaluating the potential impacts of these reforms, the book contributes to ongoing discussions about the purpose and future of RE in contemporary education systems. It highlights the wider international relevance of developments in England, offering insights for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners engaged in curriculum change within diverse religious and educational contexts.

Syphilis had existed in Ottoman society since the sixteenth century, but it became an alarming public health problem in the nineteenth century. As the epidemic raged with population movements across provincial and imperial borders, Ottoman authorities mobilized medical staff and implemented public hygiene regulations. Secil Yilmaz unravels how a disease long associated with shame and secrecy became a key site through which Ottomans expanded their hegemony and governance, situating medicine and sex at the center of imperial rule.

Anatomy of Empire reveals the multifaceted implications of biopolitics found in the encounters and negotiations among the diseased, sex workers, working-class men, and physicians within a complex imperial bureaucracy. Medical knowledge and practices became effective tools to govern and discipline a population, particularly as Ottoman physicians formulated vernacular forms of sexology that re-fashioned love, desire, and marriage. As syphilis persisted across the world, Ottomans joined their European counterparts in pursuit of bacteriological discoveries to understand the causes behind the resilience of this silent yet destructive disease. With this book, Yilmaz offers a history of gender, sexuality, and medicine, one set in a consequential geography - in the lands of Ottomans at the verge of their demise - and unearths how truth regimes pertaining to the body and sexuality are indispensable components of modern imperial governance.

This edited volume examines recent trends towards more global and transnational research within the field of the history of science, technology, and medicine. It focuses on three major themes which are especially important to this shift in perspective: firstly, the analysis of local/global relationships; secondly, the back-and-forth movement across borders involving encounters and exchanges; and thirdly, the significance of historical actors who played a crucial role as go-betweens-especially between Europe and other regions of the world. Distinct in its breadth, this volume offers insights into a range of topics drawn from the history of science, technology, and medicine from approximately 1760 to the present.

This essential work collects Susan Taubes's philosophical and critical writings, establishing her as one of the most remarkable philosophical minds of the 20th century. At the centerpiece of the volume is Susan Taubes's dissertation on Simone Weil, "The Absent God", and also included are her previously published essays and reviews on Weil, Heidegger, Jean Genet and Albert Camus, as well as an unpublished fragment on Franz Kafka. Taken together, these rigorously philosophical works show Taubes to be a thinker preoccupied with seeking out a lexicon - of myth and symbol, image and narrative - by which to articulate the conundrum of how to live and die in a cosmos saturated with meaning but devoid of divinity. There has been a surge of interest in Taubes following the recent republication of her novels Divorcing and Lament for Julia. With an incisive introduction by Sarah Hammerschlag, this volume provides the necessary supplement to her fictional corpus, tracking Taubes's transformation from philosopher to novelist, while revealing Taubes to be not only an extraordinary literary voice but a profound scholarly one as well.

This book presents the first English translation of Ali Sedad Bey's pioneering 1883 treatise on thermodynamics, atomism and the emerging scientific worldview of the late Ottoman Empire. It represents a cornerstone in the intersection of 19th-century scientific advancements and Islamic philosophical thought. Originally written in Ottoman Turkish, it provides an unparalleled glimpse into the early introduction of thermodynamics, atomism, and Darwin's theory of natural selection to the Ottoman intellectual sphere. By exploring the scientific principles that dominated European thought and comparing them with Ash?arite' metaphysics, Ali Sedad offers a detailed presentation and critical evaluation of these theories, underlining the compatibility between modern science and Islamic teachings. This book is not only a historical document but also a profound philosophical discourse on the nature of scientific inquiry and its metaphysical underpinnings.

This edition includes a substantial introductory essay situating Ali Sedad within nineteenth-century intellectual networks and scientific debates, and a comprehensive glossary of technical, theological, and philosophical terminology. Reclaiming a foundational but long-overlooked text, this volume offers scholars of Islamic intellectual history, history of science, and science-religion studies a rare window into how global scientific ideas were interpreted, contested, and transformed in a non-Western context.