哲学・社会思想・宗教 — 全 下位分類

This volume explores the poetic and philosophical boundaries between humanity and divinity across the Hebrew Bible, Graeco-Roman literature, and early Christian thought. Inspired by Psalm 8 and the verses of Sappho and Catullus, the title evokes the ancient tension between being human and "almost divine."

Essays by leading scholars examine prophetic transmission, divine legitimization of power, asceticism, animal symbolism, and mystical emptiness-tracing how ancient cultures conceptualized the divine-human interface. From Mesopotamian treaties and biblical naming to Latin hymnody and Indian mysticism, the volume traverses cultural and ontological boundaries.

Dedicated to Sten Hidal, whose pioneering work bridged Hebrew and Classical traditions, this collection honors his legacy by continuing the inquiry into what it means to be "a little less than a god."

Building on thirty years accompanying the church's growth, this book is the first to treat the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG) as a global organization and the first to balance the devotional and ritual life of the church with its impact on politics and the media.

Based in Brazil, the UCKG claims to have 17,000 bishops and pastors, 12,300 places of worship and 10 million followers in 135 countries. Within a lifetime of fifty years it has become a model for neo-Pentecostalism worldwide epitomized by its mammoth 'Temple of Solomon' in Sao Paulo.

Drawing on ethnographic research in 13 countries from Brazil and Spanish America to Europe, North America and Israel, David Lehmann demonstrates how the church's practices, and those of Pentecostalism in general, are reshaping contemporary concepts of ritual and the supernatural. It further argues that the Church's use of social media to spread its teachings, and its leader Edir Macedo's extensive political, business and mediatic interests, have paved the way to a fusion of religious and secular domains.

The church's bishops, pastors and assistants mobilize their followers by age and gender and channel their commitment into activities ranging from fundraising to seniors' gatherings to prison and hospital visiting. Gender emerges repeatedly as a central theme, expressed in the phenomenon of the childless pastoral couple, gendered self-improvement networks, the church's messaging on relationships, 'love therapy' and even the provision of dating apps for the faithful.

Exceeding previous work in scope and theoretical range, this book opens completely new perspectives on Pentecostalism worldwide.

Expert contributors examine enduring topics and metatheoretical approaches, including relational developmental systems perspectives, developmental evolution and the emergence of moral capacities in early life. They highlight moral self-identity and developmental processes in emerging and early adulthood. Expanding on lifespan considerations of generativity, purpose and self-transcendence, the Research Handbook presents questions on the development of social justice as well as cultivating character and virtue.

The Research Handbook on Lifespan Moral Development is a vital resource for academics and researchers of moral psychology. Scholars and practitioners of developmental psychology and philosophy will also greatly benefit from its theoretical and practical recommendations.

Care ethics has long been contrasted with moral theories like deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics. Yet, the characteristics that distinguish care ethics from deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics are some of very characteristics that philosophers usually associate with moral theory per se. If care ethics departs from other moral theories on some of the very grounds that define moral theory itself, the question arises: Is care ethics a moral theory? If so, what kind of a moral theory is it?

Drawing together some of the world's leading care theorists, Care and Moral Theory addresses these questions. Early chapters situate care ethics in relation to other moral theories and highlight its unique methods and aims. Middle chapters offer analytical clarity to key concepts in the moral theory of care. A final set of chapters offer a whole new framework for thinking about care ethics. Despite the diversity of perspectives included in this book, the chapters as a whole are all oriented around the common project of elucidating the characteristics of a moral theory of care.

Care and Moral Theory offers an accessible entry point for anyone interested in the nature of care ethics. By clarifying its relation to other moral theories and highlighting its differences, it makes evident what is distinct and important about this increasingly popular moral theory.

If my booking a flight doesn't make a difference to the plane taking off and to climate change, what reason is there for me not to fly? If my small donation doesn't make a difference to what Doctors Without Borders can achieve, why should I donate? If my purchase of a factory-farmed chicken doesn't make a difference to how many chickens suffer and die, why not just buy it These questions reflect a broader issue: the Inefficacy Problem, where individual actions seem insignificant in the face of collective harms.

This is the first edited volume dedicated exclusively to the Inefficacy Problem. It examines existing solutions, explores new ones, and sets the stage for future developments in the debate. Featuring contributions from Julia Nefsky, Chrisoula Andreou, Carolina Sartorio, Julia Driver, Mark Budolfson, and others, it offers a comprehensive look at this pressing issue. The book addresses central questions in the debate. Some chapters define the problem, while others explore instrumental solutions, arguing that even if we can't make a difference, we can still influence outcomes in meaningful ways. Additional chapters discuss non-instrumental solutions, maintaining that even when we are instrumentally insignificant, we can still be significant in some non-instrumental way (e.g., act out of fairness, or make a statement). Finally, some chapters draw parallels between interpersonal and intrapersonal dilemmas.

The Ethics of Inefficacy is an essential resource for researchers and graduate students in normative ethics, applied ethics, philosophy of responsibility, metaethics, metaphysics, epistemology, action theory, political philosophy, and philosophy of law.

Bringing together material religion and discourse theory, this cross-disciplinary book argues that theories of embodiment and religion co-produce one another.
Responding to the scholarly turn towards embodiment and phenomenology beginning in queer studies and branching out into the humanities more broadly, Jessica A. Albrecht brings religion to the table. This book contends that, if the turn to materiality emphasizes what religion does in bodies and spaces, or how bodies make religion, it is equally important to ask whose bodies are made legible, and under what conditions they come to matter. By shining a light on this reciprocal relationship between religion and embodiment, Albrecht reveals the processes through which meanings, "bodies," and "religion" itself are made. Across seven chapters spanning intersectionality, queer and cuir theory, and crip studies, this book traces counter-genealogies which reveal how bodies become unintelligible within the regimes of religion, race, gender, and ability. Albrecht offers tools for examining how religious experiences are shaped by queerness, disability, and power, providing a fresh and inclusive perspective on how bodies and practices are central constituents of conceptions of religion. The resulting framework for religious studies pushes beyond normative views or religious-secular divisions, prompting readers to critically re-consider both "religion" and the "body."

In the first book to explore the philosophy of dynamism from classical India, Sthaneshwar Timalsina interrogates central metaphysical questions about the nature of reality.

Timalsina argues for change and time as intrinsic to being. Exploring instances from Yaska to Abhinavagupta, and reading philosophical and cultural texts in a comparative light, he reveals the absolute being as inherently dynamic. Alongside Bergson and Husserl, his study directs attention to the importance of the arguments of classical Sanskrit grammarians such as Yaska, Bhartthari, and Kauna Bhatta.

By engaging with schools and other Sakta philosophies that have not received serious engagement, Timalsina reinvigorates the conversation on creativity, freedom, dynamism, temporality, and the dynamism of being. His cutting-edge view of time as a fundamental element of reality is necessary reading for scholars of classical Sanskrit traditions, consciousness and the philosophy of life.

Through the theoretical lens of law and science and technology studies (STS), this book investigates the 'ethification' of the EU regulatory framework on AI.

Discourses on ethics have been proliferating in recent policy, legislative and industry-led AI regulatory initiatives in the European Union (EU). In parallel, Artificial Intelligence (AI) ethics has become institutionalized at different levels. Focusing on three EU-based case studies - research ethics committees, advisory expert groups and standardization bodies - this book critically evaluates the legitimacy of AI ethics, through the 'good governance' principles of accountability, transparency, and participation. Despite the EU's aspiration to promote a distinctive ethical approach centred on trustworthiness and human-centric AI, the book shows how ethical considerations often assume a technocratic form, lacking the robust checks and balances and democratic credentials typical of traditional forms of technology regulation. In response, the book argues for a recalibration-a deflation or re-politicization-of the role of ethics in the governance of AI.

This book will appeal to scholars, EU officials, civil society actors and private-sector practitioners, working at the interface of law, ethics and technology, and especially those with interests in the regulation of AI.

Selling Spirituality offers a critical analysis of the rise of spirituality as a powerful commodity in the global marketplace. It shows how spirituality is big business, examining how spiritual discourses, practices, and institutions have been reshaped by neoliberal forces.

This expanded second edition provides significant updates to the book in light of developments from the previous decades, particularly the consolidation of neoliberalism through digital technologies, emerging AI and platform capitalism. Building on the original analysis of the privatisation of religion and the privatisation of welfare, the authors introduce a third privatisation: the outsourcing of attention, affect, and mental resilience to spiritualised techniques of self-regulation amid conditions of precarity, algorithmic governance, and informational overload. Four new chapters examine neoliberalism as a quasi-religious orthodoxy; the commodification of Christian prayer and interiority; mindfulness as a technology of attention within the attention economy; and the dangers of individualised green spirituality in responding to climate crisis. Substantially revised chapters address psychology, Asian philosophies, and spiritual consumer industries. Across these contexts, the book argues that contemporary spirituality increasingly manages distress and anxiety while obscuring the structural sources of social and mental suffering.

This insightful book will be of great interest to students and scholars in religious studies, philosophy, cultural studies, sociology, political theory, and environmental humanities. It will also be of interest to readers concerned with neoliberalism, mental health, digital capitalism, mindfulness, and the contemporary politics of wellbeing.

Consciousness has been a central theme of Indian philosophy for more than 2500 years. Returning to the theories that originated in the Classical age, Matthew MacKenzie presents the first comprehensive overview of Indian views about the nature and structure of consciousness.

MacKenzie looks to the Upanisads and the early Buddhist discourses for the roots of the theories, following consciousness as it developed in the Abhidharma, Yogacara, and Pramaavada schools of Buddhism and the Nyaya, Yoga, Advaita, and Nondual Saiva schools of Hinduism. In the Upanisads, he introduces us to sages and kings who discussed the elusive light (prakasa) of consciousness and its relation to one's deepest self (atman). In early Buddhist texts the complex flow of conscious mental events are explored within an impermanent, selfless reality. In yogic texts we find a sharp distinction between ever-shifting objects and the pure light of consciousness.

Addressing timeless questions surrounding the fundamental nature of reality, MacKenzie focuses throughout on whether and how consciousness illuminates objects as well as itself. A critical and comparative introduction to a major philosophical subject, this book marks a new direction for understanding the cross-cultural philosophy of consciousness.

Politics, Philosophy, Culture contains a rich selection of interviews and other writings by the late Michel Foucault, many of which are hard to find. Drawing upon his revolutionary concept of power as well as his critique of the institutions that organize social life, Foucault discusses literature, music and the power of art while also examining concrete issues such as the Left in contemporary France, the social security system, the penal system, homosexuality, madness and the Iranian Revolution.

Taken together, the book provides a perfect companion to Foucault's best-known works, offering a fascinating insight into the mind and work of one of the twentieth century's most influential and controversial thinkers.

This Routledge Classics edition includes a new Preface by Lawrence D. Kritzman, , in which he situates Foucault's thought in the context of Donald Trump's presidency. It also retains his helpful original introduction to the anthology.

An innovative and groundbreaking study into women's contribution to the development of religious, metaphysical, and political concepts in early modern Europe.

By examining the engagement of women in both the daily practice of religion, and theological and political discussions following the Reformation, this collection expands our understanding of women's position in post-Reformation churches and their participation in theological debates.

What role did women play in these congregations and what social interactions did they have with each other and their male fellows? What literary genres did they choose to convey new ideas and new approaches to religion and society? Did religious authorities use universal strategies when dealing with religious dissent, or was there a gendered bias towards dissenting women?

A team of scholars from philosophy, early modern studies, intellectual history and theology address these questions and more, providing a multidisciplinary exploration of women's active participation in religious communities. Focusing on their contribution to foundational Enlightenment concepts, they shed light on the development of democracy, egalitarianism, freedom of conscience and of expression, and tolerant co-existence.

Covering countries such as Britain, the Netherlands, France, and Italy between 1500 and 1700, this is a much-needed comparative overview. We see how a different approach to the history of European women and their religious engagement can challenge the accepted view of an avowedly secular Enlightenment.

This translation of the L?oz? is unique in its faithful pursuit of the original meaning and prosody, combined with exhaustive citations of historical commentaries, connecting the insights of this ancient classic to current scientific and psychological findings.

Rooted in the understanding that the ineffable Dao guides all things, the L?oz? addresses cosmology, the yin and yang equilibrium, egalitarianism, the use of force and the cultivation of equanimity. This book examines the poetics through analysis of structural form and ancient Chinese phonology, seeking to enliven the text's meanings by reviving its phonology. It is the first attempt to link the L?oz?'s cosmology and theory of Oneness in personal growth, social relationships, and humanity's place in the natural world with today's biological sciences.

This edited collection invites fresh readings of play and storytelling in the Barbie movie (2023) through the lens of the Bible and theology.
For Christopher B. Hays, Meghan R. Henning, and their contributors, the Barbie movie is more than pink and mojo dojo casa houses; they argue that the film offers a nuanced reflection of Biblical and theological ideas. The chapters herein analyze the cultural impact of Barbie on its own terms, critically engaging its explicit attempts to offer social critiques of capitalism, patriarchy, ableism, and racism. From exploring Ruth Handler as God, Barbie as both Jesus and a jezebel, and historical Judean "doll-like" figurines, this volume's interdisciplinary interlocutors identify how Barbie depicts the stories we tell about ourselves, society, and God.

This edited collection explores the connection between religion and James Bond.
George Tsakiridis and the contributors dissect artifacts from across the Bond universe-such as films, comic strips, and Ian Fleming's foundational novels-observing the religious and philosophical underpinnings of Bond's belief system. Though 007 does not typically prescribe to a religious system, he nonetheless encounters religion, is shaped by philosophical purpose, and becomes immersed in a religious world. Tsakiridis and the contributors consider both the religion and worldview of Bond as well as the symbols, presentations, and themes of religion woven into the texts themselves. Across thirteen chapters, they contend that by shining a light on religion in James Bond, we not only better understand this iconic character but the cultural and historical contexts that mold him.

One of the few Mexican American women philosophers across the United States and Mexico redefines philosophy and pedagogy through a groundbreaking exploration of identity, culture, and language.

For more than two decades, Manuela Alejandra Gomez has been teaching on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border. In the first book of its kind to critically analyze how Mexican Americans connect to philosophy she draws on a five-year study, her experience, ethnographic observations and testimonios to show a constant navigation between two nations, two cultures, and two languages.

Leading us through this complex negotiation of intersecting worlds, Gomez explores how to teach and learn philosophy from a Mexican American perspective. She makes us question what it means to be a philosopher, challenges conventions about what it truly means to philosophize and redefines the boundaries of philosophical thought: her aim is to add a new chapter in the narrative of academic inclusion and diversity that makes more room for Mexican American perspectives.

Reimagining and broadening the parameters of philosophy, she offers invaluable pedagogical insights, providing a rich and practical roadmap to more effective teaching methods, while empowering students through the recognition of their identities.

In the United States, more women and students of color are going to college than ever before, but philosophy as an academic field continues to be one of the least diverse and untouched by their vantage points. This much-needed book marks an important contribution to local and culturally informed ways of teaching and learning.

This book offers a compelling exploration of how language shapes truth, subjectivity, and ethical life. Bringing together psychoanalysis and philosophy, it stages a rigorous dialogue between Lacan and Wittgenstein to address a question of broad human interest: how do we make sense of what we say, and what does it mean for that sense to be true?

Expanding on this, the volume examines the consequences of the "linguistic turn" for both philosophy and psychoanalysis, contrasting early and later Wittgenstein with Freudian and Lacanian approaches to interpretation. It analyzes key tensions between explanation and description, reference and use, proposition and enunciation, while engaging debates on the limits of meaning, the role of desire and fantasy, and the status of the Real. The book also extends these discussions into contemporary contexts, including digital communication, where symbolic practices such as memes and hashtags reshape meaning and subjectivity.

What distinguishes this work is its insistence that truth is not a fixed correspondence but an emergent, contingent effect within linguistic practices marked by incompleteness. Its originality lies in articulating a non-reductive dialogue between analytic philosophy and psychoanalysis, making it especially valuable for scholars of philosophy, psychoanalysis, and critical theory.

On the morning after September 11, 2001, Rev. Lyndon Harris pushed through smoke and ash toward St. Paul's Chapel, just blocks from the World Trade Center. He expected ruin. Instead, the historic chapel stood-scarred but intact-and soon became a sanctuary for exhausted, grieving recovery workers at Ground Zero.

For close to a year Harris led an extraordinary, volunteer-driven ministry that provided food, rest, prayer, and human connection to those laboring day and night on "the Pile." St. Paul's became known worldwide as "the little chapel that stood," a symbol of hope amid devastation.

But when the chapel closed in 2002, Harris's own life unraveled. Years of conflict and resistance within his church left him overwhelmed by anger, resentment, and a desire for retribution. He ultimately lost his faith, left New York, and entered a long, private struggle with grief and disillusionment.

This book is not only a firsthand account of one of 9/11's most enduring symbols, but a deeply personal story of what happens after the cameras leave. Harris traces his journey from idealistic small-town priest to Ground Zero leader, through spiritual collapse, and finally toward an unexpected healing grounded in forgiveness.

Drawing on pioneering research developed with Stanford psychologist Dr. Frederic Luskin, cofounder of the Forgiveness Project, Harris explores forgiveness not as "forgive and forget," but as a rigorous, transformative practice essential for recovery after trauma. His story speaks to first responders, faith leaders, and anyone carrying unresolved pain-offering rare insight into the emotional cost of service, the limits of institutional faith, and the resilience required to truly move forward.

Philosophers have long discussed the ethical and epistemological issues raised by vaccines, but these issues have assumed new significance since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This volume focuses on vaccine hesitancy as a case of deep overlap of ethics and epistemology.

Vaccine hesitancy stems from a range of concerns, many of which are fueled by misunderstandings about vaccine technology, conspiracy theories, or misconceptions about scientific research. While some grounds for vaccine hesitancy are clearly irrational, other concerns appear more reasonable. This is the first volume to offer a comprehensive exploration of the interplay of epistemological and ethical dimensions of vaccine hesitancy from a post-COVID perspective. The chapters in the first part of the volume reflect on the epistemology of vaccine hesitancy. They address issues related to trust and expertise, probability literacy, and epistemic justice. The second part covers the ethics of vaccine hesitancy and the implications for public policy. These chapters explore the moral implications of free riding, as well as the complex interplay between individual rights, public health, and the collective good. Together, they help us to consider where the line between personal freedom and civic responsibility should be drawn.

The Ethics and Epistemology of Vaccine Hesitancy will be of interest to philosophers and graduate students working in epistemology, applied ethics, bioethics, philosophy of medicine, and political philosophy.

The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Politics in Latin America offers a state of the art of the academic and multidisciplinary reflection on the main aspects of the relationships between religion, politics, and society in Latin America.

The book provides insights from leading scholars in the fields of religious studies and political science, from the historical roots of religious pluralism to contemporary debates on religious freedom, democratization, and civic engagement, each chapter delves into a different aspect of this multifaceted topic. Special emphasis is given to the need to overcome the dominant reductionist approaches to the study of religion and politics in Latin America which focus too narrowly on church-state relations and ignore the sometimes contentious political and societal implications of the growing religious pluralism in the region. The handbook also aims to build bridges between the often isolated disciplines of religious studies and political science, as well as between Latin American and Western scholars. The first section provides an overview of the political perspectives of Latin American worldviews. The second section looks at the interface of religion and the public sphere. The third section delves into the multiple dimensions of religious freedom. Section four examines the complex relationship between religion and democratization. Section five explores religious civic engagement and its impact on development. Finally, section six offers several country case studies to illustrate points made in earlier sections and go more in-depth into particularities of each country.

The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Politics in Latin America will appeal to students and scholars of politics, religious studies, and Latin America, providing a valuable resource for understanding the forces shaping Latin American societies.

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