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There are many books on the First World War, ranging from serious academic analyses to works aimed at a more general readership. There are also many books about rugby. But there are very few detailed academic analyses of the intersection between these two fields. This edited collection aims to address that gap, by presenting a range of analyses that explore how rugby was used and developed during and after the Great War. It presents these analyses in a specifically international and socio-political framework, and considers a number of aspects of the relationship between rugby and World War One, such as: how rugby was used to support the war, by being a tool for recruitment and for training; the significant role rugby played on the home front; the consequences of the war for the development and expansion of rugby in the post-war era; and the long-lasting social and political implications arising out of the role played by rugby during the war.

At its peak, the British Empire governed a quarter of the world's land area and population. How it shaped trajectories of economic development in the former colonies remains the subject of fierce debate.

Leigh Gardner and Tirthankar Roy offer a rich and textured economic history of the British Empire focused on the colonies themselves. While the economic history of the Empire has been much debated, previous work has focused either on economic dynamics in Britain, or on specific colonies or regions. In this fresh global analysis, Gardner and Roy argue that the British Empire was characterised by more diversity than unity. How did this diversity emerge? How did it shape global inequalities and patterns of economic change in postcolonial times? And, finally, do we need to rethink our definitions of empire in light of this diversity? In addressing these questions, this book provides an incisive guide to the Empire: its origins, how it was governed, how it ended, and the complicated legacies it left.

The British Empire demystifies one of the most contested subjects of our time.

Cold runs through Russian history and culture as an enemy, an opportunity, an adventure, and a metaphor. Drawing on the expertise of a broad range of scholars, this volume offers new insights into Russia’s sensational history.

Early modern European travelers and thinkers found Russia’s cold bewildering as something to experience and something to explain. In the nineteenth century, Russians began to reclaim the symbolism of cold, transforming it from a mark of backwardness or conservatism into a source of national pride and aesthetic beauty. It was also still feared, and cold’s potential as a punishment or hardship remained through the transition into the twentieth century. Throughout, cold was also something to be mastered and exploited through Arctic expeditions and tourism, industrial development, and the conquest of natural resources in the far north.

This volume brings together a collection of essays written by historians, art historians, and literary scholars. It integrates visual sources to enliven the historical narrative and engage readers more deeply with the Russian past. Spanning the from the sixteenth to the twenty-first century, the essays offer broad chronological and thematic coverage of the significance of the cold in Russian history and culture, appealing to readers across disciplines and interests.

Jiddischsprachige Kulturschaffende, von der Oktoberrevolution 1917 angeregt, glaubten an die Verwirklichung einer sozialistisch-nationalen Utopie in der Sowjetunion. Mit Jiddisch als ihrer Nationalsprache wirkten sie am Aufbau einer im sozialistischen Sinne gerechten Gesellschaft mit. Dieser jiddisch-sowjetische Kulturentwurf war von Transferprozessen, Widerspruechen und Bruechen gepraegt.

Anhand von drei literarischen Phaenomenen zeichnet der Band ein heterogenes Bild vom Wirken jiddischsprachiger Kulturschaffender. Literarische Programme und Manifeste bildeten eine theoretische Grundlage fuer ihr Projekt. In belletristischen Texten wurde das in den Manifesten Proklamierte umgesetzt. In Uebersetzungen und Uebersetzungskritik wurden Kulturbegegnung, Differenz und Heterogenitaet reflektiert.

Trotz vom Staat erzwungener Loyalitaetsbekundungen blieb die jiddisch-sowjetische Kultur der 1920er Jahre in ihrem Anspruch authentisch, in ihrer Gestalt heterogen und in ihrem Wesen transnational. Damit widerspricht der Band dem vermeintlich homogenen Bild einer sowjetisierten jiddischsprachigen Kultur.

This book traces the social and political history of foster care in Ireland from 1862 to 1991, examining how child welfare policy evolved alongside institutional power, Catholic ideology, and the development of social work as a profession. Using a blend of archival records and oral history interviews with formerly fostered individuals, it uncovers how foster care was shaped by systems of containment, religious influence, and neglect?and how it was eventually reframed as a modern, humane alternative to institutionalisation. While rooted in Irish history, the book speaks to broader themes of state control, reproductive justice, and the politics of care. It also reflects on contemporary efforts at redress and public memory. Rather than framing the history of care solely as one of progress or scandal, the book offers a critical genealogy of Irish welfare, informed by Foucault’s notion of the 'history of the present'. It argues that contemporary structures of child protection cannot be fully understood without tracing their entanglement with a century of religious authority, gendered moral surveillance, and institutional containment.

The Dominion of Shoppers is a concise introduction to the long history of Canadian consumption. Building on the “four Ps” of consumer history ? place, product, payment, and power ? historian Steve Penfold traces the complex mix of business, economic, social, and cultural dynamics that shaped shopping and exchange from the bygone fur trade to contemporary online buying.

Stretching from the 17th to the 21st century, The Dominion of Shoppers builds its narrative around several key moments in the history of the (now bankrupt) Hudson’s Bay Company, leading the reader through the exchanges of the fur trade, retail in settler colonialism, modern consumption, post-World War Two consumer boom, consumer nationalism, state regulation, and more recent technological and retail disruptions. Through the pages of this book, readers will visit fur trade posts, public markets, small rural shops, department stores, shopping malls, power centres, discount houses, and online markets.

The Dominion of Shoppers is a valuable introduction to Canadian consumerism for historians, students, and anyone interested in Canada’s past and present.

Homophobia in Nazi Concentration Camps is a seminal study of the often-stigmatised topic of homophobia among prisoners in Nazi camps. This book reinterprets how prisoner memory and historical historiography reported on same-sex relations and challenges the silence surrounding queerness in the Holocaust, a frequently overlooked aspect of Holocaust history.

Utilising the lens of prisoner perception, the book explores the paths of victims and survivors, who were persecuted by the Nazis and had same-sex relations in the camp. It traces the hierarchies and societal norms in the camp, providing a momentous glimpse into the workings of the prisoner society. Through the captivating analysis of early testimonies, oral histories, memoirs and extensive archival materials, the book empathetically reconstructs the experiences and lives of victims and survivors, who had previously been silenced, developing a new and important perspective on camp society.

Historian Uta Rautenberg takes a victim- and survivor-centered approach and provides an analysis of queer experiences and accusations. The book explores both female and male experiences and thus contributes to gender history, women's history, and the history of sexuality. It offers explanations for gender differences in homophobia and queer experiences and reminds us of the indispensable need for an inclusive approach to history.

Apartment City investigates the high-rise apartment boom that took place in post-war Toronto. After 1950, pro-growth politicians and business interests undertook a large-scale program of private rental apartment construction. By the end of the 1960s, an increasingly consolidated development industry had replaced a number of low-rise neighbourhoods with a radically different form of housing: high-rise apartment towers using modernist designs. The apartment boom had a major impact on the city’s built form, planning system, housing market, and property rights.

Urban planning expert Paul Hess and historical geographer Robert Lewis argue that the apartment boom was the product of an institutional fix that worked to adjust property rights using tools such as zoning, construction finance, and planning oversight. Politicians and developers sought to achieve political and economic value from apartment projects using the twinned narratives of redevelopment and decay. Apartments became the focal point of an active ratepayer politics as residents fought developers looking to build apartments, many in middle-class areas of low-rise houses. Despite this resistance, pro-growth actors successfully redeveloped these neighbourhoods into high-rise apartment districts that became home to young professionals and the elderly.

In the process, Toronto was transformed from a small, parochial city in 1945 to the centre of a vibrant metropolis by the 1970s.

From fistfights to scandals, Unparliamentary provides a sourced account of unexpected events that have marked the history of Canada’s Parliament. It offers an intriguing look into surprising moments that occurred on Parliament Hill, highlighting the unpredictable nature of human behaviour ? especially among legislators.

Moving from Confederation to the present day, Charlie Feldman explores moments from the less formal side of national politics, including conflicts between parliamentarians and acts of disorder, as well as instances of controversy and error in both the Senate and House of Commons. Many of the episodes discussed once attracted public attention but have since faded from memory, even among parliamentarians themselves. Unparliamentary draws on a wide range of historical and archival materials to document these incidents and bring them to life.

Demonstrating how parliamentary truth is sometimes stranger than fiction, this book is written in a direct and accessible style and functions as both a reference work and as a readable account of the Parliament’s unconventional history.

Out of Nowhere is an exploration of the remarkable yet virtually unknown body of art that has emerged out of a historic region in the geographical heart of Europe known as Carpathian Rus’, or simply Ruthenia. Carpathian Rus’ straddles the present-day borders of Poland, Slovakia, and Ukraine and this book takes on the form of a chronological survey of secular painting and sculpture produced by over 60 of its artists during the period from 1800 to the present.

Each chapter begins with an introductory section that provides the general political and cultural context for the period being discussed. Then follows commentary about individual artists for which there is a biographical sketch accompanied by illustrations of their major works. Appended is a comprehensive bibliography of albums and studies dealing specifically with the artists of Carpathian Rus’. The analytical approach of the narrative focuses on stylistic matters and, in particular, on the cultural context in which a given artist worked. There is also discussion of artists from Carpatho-Rusyn lands who lived and created far from their native homeland, including the former Russian Empire, the Hungarian Kingdom, and several countries in western Europe and North America.

Containing 363 full-color illustrations, Out of Nowhere vividly chronicles the forgotten art and artists of Carpathian Rus’.

Im Zweiten Weltkrieg sollten Sinti und Roma nach dem Willen der nationalsozialistischen Machthaber in Europa ausgeloescht werden. Die auch in der Forschung praesente Vorstellung, dass den Ueberlebenden dieses Voelkermords nach 1945 eine Wiedergutmachung verweigert worden sei, unterzieht Joey Rauschenberger einer gruendlichen empirischen Ueberpruefung. Er untersucht erstmals umfassend, am Beispiel Baden-Wuerttembergs, wie Sinti und Roma in der Bundesrepublik entschaedigt wurden. Dabei ergibt sich ein weitaus differenzierteres Bild als bisher. Die grosse Mehrheit der antragstellenden Sinti und Roma hat Zahlungen erhalten, die oft durchaus substanziell waren.

Rauschenberger ordnet die Verfahren in ihre administrativen Kontexte ein und entwirft eine exemplarische Mikrogeschichte der suedwestdeutschen Entschaedigungsverwaltung. Sie legt das komplexe Geflecht menschlicher Interaktion zwischen Sachbearbeitern, Antragstellenden, Rechtsanwaelten und anderen Akteuren offen, die das Entschaedigungsverfahren zur ?Kontaktzone“ machte. Alltaegliche Begegnungen, erfahrungsbedingte Erwartungen, tiefsitzende Vorurteile und spontane Handlungen beeinflussten die Praxis und Wahrnehmung von Wiedergutmachung. Dabei entstehende Enttaeuschungen ueberschatteten und konterkarierten oftmals die materiell geleistete Entschaedigung.

Hedwig Klein was a brilliant scholar of Islam whose life and career were tragically cut short by the Holocaust. Born in Antwerp in 1911 and raised in Hamburg, Klein studied at the University of Hamburg under Rudolf Strothmann, Walter Windfuhr, Arthur Schaade, and others from 1931 until 1935. In 1937, she earned the highest possible grades for her oral exams and her doctoral dissertation, an edition of a historical Ib??? text. But her dream of an academic career was shattered in 1938 when she was barred from receiving her doctoral degree on account of being Jewish. As the grip of Nazism tightened, Klein’s life took a tragic turn. She secured a visa for India in 1939 and left Hamburg, but her hope of escape was cruelly dashed when her ship was ordered to return to Germany because of the imminent outbreak of World War II. Trapped in Hamburg, Klein found herself without prospects for survival or escape. For a few months in 1941?42, she worked on the Harrassowitz project to compile a dictionary of modern Arabic, but her fate was sealed. On July 11, 1942, Klein was deported to Auschwitz, where she was likely murdered upon arrival. In 1947, five years after her death, she was awarded the doctoral degree she had been denied. On August 10, 1951, she was officially declared dead.

Klein’s story has sparked renewed interest since the early 2000s. This interest has focused on her involvement in the Harrassowitz dictionary project, eventually published as Hans Wehr’s Arabisches Woerterbuch fuer die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart, and on the dictionary’s alleged connection to efforts to produce an authorized Arabic translation of Hitler’s Mein Kampf.

Drawing on archival material from Germany, Israel, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States, Switzerland, and elsewhere, this study uncovers Klein’s biography, including her family background, her upbringing, and her contribution to scholarship, in order to honor her legacy and address misconceptions about her work. It also reconstructs the early history of Wehr’s dictionary and Klein’s contribution to it in great detail to demonstrate that the dictionary project was unrelated to earlier endeavors to translate Mein Kampf into Arabic.

After Soviet cipher clerk Igor Gouzenko defected in 1945, Canada was shocked by the revelation that its own citizens were engaged in espionage for the Soviet Union. P.S. Burn After Reading explores how the Canadian government used the controversial Kellock-Taschereau Commission ? sometimes judiciously, sometimes not ? to uncover and thwart domestic spies during the early days of the Cold War.

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Drawing on a wealth of sources, including the Commission's extensive records, GRU documents turned over by Gouzenko, American Venona decrypts, Soviet KGB archives, and newly released British MI5 and MI6 files, authors Reinhold Kramer and Tom Mitchell provide a comprehensive account of the crisis. They reveal that, despite some civil liberties missteps, the government's suspicions were largely justified.

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The book weaves together the evidence against the spies, the tradecraft of Soviet espionage, complex legal challenges faced by the state, and the political fallout. With access to hundreds of newly released British intelligence files, P.S. Burn After Reading offers both specialists and general readers fresh insights into the espionage crisis of 1945?46 and the pivotal role it played in exposing Canada's postwar security and intelligence vulnerabilities.

This book offers new ways of conceiving religious and cultural practices, as well as Jewish identities in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It brings together scholars from a number of fields, transcending the frontiers of Jewish studies. The volume tackles questions about how Jewish life, identities, and religious practices have been transformed amid various changes and challenges in Finnish society, and further considers the experiences of local Jewry through an interdisciplinary prism. Covering a wide range of subjects, the book examines how the customs, practices, and identities of Jews living in Finland have evolved amid cultural, religious, and economic transformations shaped by intercultural and interreligious encounters, recent historical events, gender, migration, and other contemporary influences. It also addresses the challenges of antisemitism in its traditional and contemporary forms and examines its effect on Jewish religious lives in contemporary Finland. This book is a must for scholars looking to deepen their understanding of Nordic Jewry.

This book brings an inclusive and transnational perspective to the history of labour organisations and activism in the twentieth century. Together, the essays demonstrate how connections, interactions, and competition between different movements, networks, and organisations impacted the historical development of international, regional, and local labour activisms. Authors take up more informal?even transgressive?activist networks and repertoires, spotlight the work of once-marginalised figures, and address the 'nested' nature of local, national, inter-imperial, and postcolonial spaces in and across world regions. Alongside themes such as migration policies, gender (in)equality, peace movements, and anti-racist activism that have been absent from or sidelined in labour history, classic themes of transnational labour activism, such as labour rights, occupational safety, and workplace discrimination appear in a new light.

The Labour of Care is the first national, comparative history of health care work. In this book, historian Peter L. Twohig analyses the responses of governments, employers, professional groups, training programs , and unions to the challenge of staffing Canada’s health care system and the reorganization of care.

Through careful archival analysis, Twohig demonstrates the conditions under which employees’ boundaries become more flexible, the paths to health care work expand, and tensions emerge among workers in response to labour shortages, decreased funding, and health care reform. This book is attentive to the various identities of health care workers, as women, professionals, union members, and more. It also situates these developments within broader social, economic, and policy changes that reshaped Canada’s health care landscape in the second half of the twentieth century. Examining health care workers in this way reveals a new history of health care that highlights the experiences and contributions of a wide range of workers whose voices have not yet been heard.

This book examines the various roles women played in royal succession from ancient Western Asia to the modern United Kingdom. It argues that royal succession, from antiquity to modernity, has rarely, if ever, been self-evident. In many ways, a period of succession is a time of crisis, one in which royal women often play important roles. Regardless of whether the monarch has died after a period of illness, been killed in war or in a plot, succumbed to an accident when jousting, or been deposed, imprisoned, or forced into exile, a power vacuum ensues. Successions, whether anticipated or unforeseen, thus pose problems that call for various considerations; a wide array of stakeholders, including powerful women, are affected by the consequences and seek to influence succession.

This edited volume explores the circulation of ideas and practices around workplace democracy throughout Europe, and beyond its borders, from the Second World War to the present day. Its chapters examine the role of different actors in disseminating ideas about workplace democracy, focusing on trade unions, academics, political and governmental actors, and international organisations. In doing so, the authors explore how the circulation of knowledge across countries shaped different actors’ positions. For instance, how did trade unions and other actors’ discourses take academic production into account, and vice versa? How and through which channels did ideas of workplace democracy circulate, including exchanges, study trips, conferences, symposiums, and publications? Which individuals and institutions played the most important role in the circulation of ideas? How did co-determination, self-management, or other ‘models’ influence discussions, proposals, and concrete measures of workplace democracy on both a European and international level? With fifteen chapters addressing these questions, this collection combines insights from historians, political scientists, legal scholars, and philosophers based in Europe, South America, and North America, therefore contributing to a new comparative, transnational, and global history of workplace democracy.

Volume 4 of The Posen Library of Jewish Culture and Civilization, covering the later Middle Ages and highlighting the religious and cultural shifts of Jewish life at that time

At the start of the late medieval period, the center of Jewish intellectual productivity had shifted from Muslim lands to Christian Europe. By its end, Jews had been expelled from most of western Europe. In the intervening three hundred years, Jews in western and central Europe, the Middle East, and beyond produced a wealth of literary, legal, philosophical, and scientific writings, primarily but not exclusively written in Hebrew. Adding to this rich abundance, Jewish migration fostered increased contact and intellectual exchange among far-flung Jewish communities, each of which possessed a distinct regional culture.

This volume gathers over a thousand primary sources?texts, translated from more than a dozen languages, as well as a stunning array of visual images?that represent the breadth and diversity of late medieval Jewish cultures. The birth of kabbalah, a major development in the field of Jewish mysticism, represents a highlight of these years. Alongside religious, literary, and scholarly writings, the volume presents personal letters, chronicles, communal records, account ledgers, tombstone inscriptions, legal contracts, court testimonies, and much more, giving expression to the full sweep of Jewish civilization. The texts and artifacts in this volume offer an exciting window into the social, political, economic, and religious life of Jews in the late Middle Ages.

Why do we keep returning to the Weimar Republic as a focal point for queer and trans histories, and why are images so crucial to our understanding of this period? This volume brings together research from disciplines including history, art history, literature, film, performance, and gender studies to explore the ongoing resonances of visual and narrative queer mythologies from Weimar Germany, often considered a “golden age” for queer culture and a period of relative rights and freedoms.

Chapters contribute new readings of classic Weimar art and film while significantly expanding the archive of queer Weimar by examining new or previously overlooked visual materials and relations: from occult practices to the vagaries of human-animal love, and from trans representations on film to the ambiguous tensions of forbidden intergenerational desire. Taken together, this volume generates a deep understanding of the twentieth-century emergence of queer and trans subjects through visual media; it develops methods that give prominence to the voices and perspectives of the historical subjects of sexual science; and it critically interrogates past practices of sexual knowledge production for understandings of LGBTQI lives today.

Cultures of Exchange examines the mercantile culture of the Italian peninsula, whose wealth and geographic location made it a focal point of cultural exchange in the Mediterranean. The volume explores the integration of the peninsula into international and global networks, the effect on societal structures and attitudes, and the role in the transfer and reception of knowledge, goods, and peoples.

Susanna Barsella, William Caferro, and Germano Maifreda bring together the work of an array of scholars ? literary critics, art historians, numismatists, and historians ? using diverse methodologies that provide a genuinely interdisciplinary discussion of a field that is still in its elemental stages. The chapters in the volume deal with interrelated issues from diverse perspectives, questioning whether cultural exchange also involved cultural appropriation, while interrogating the political, economic, social, religious, material, artistic, gendered, and racial aspects of exchange. Essays on cartography offer a strong visual component to the book, and the use of digital humanities adds to the methodological sophistication in assessing primary source materials.

Bringing into conversation the work of a broad range of scholars, Cultures of Exchange is written with accessibility and readability in mind and is a major intervention in the growing field of Mediterranean Studies.

This book presents an English translation of King Alfonso X of Castile?Leon’s municipal law code, a companion to his monumental Siete Partidas.

Known as El Rey Sabio (“the Learned King”), Alfonso X (1252?1284) was one of the most influential legislators of medieval Europe. While the Siete Partidas codified the laws of the entire realm, the Fuero real ? intended for the towns of Castile and Extremadura ? sought to replace diverse local customs with a unified legal framework. Comprising four books, it addresses the Catholic faith and the rights of the Church; the king and his authority; laws and the administration of justice; marriage and inheritance; buying and selling; heretics; Jews; and criminal acts.

Medieval history professor Joseph F. O’Callaghan’s translation, based on Gonzalo Martinez Diez’s critical edition, offers scholars and students alike a vital resource for understanding the social, religious, and political dimensions of thirteenth-century Spain. By making this key text accessible in English, The Fuero Real broadens our view of medieval municipal law and deepens appreciation of Alfonso’s lasting legal legacy in Spain and beyond.

A sweeping, ground?level reinterpretation arguing that Reconstruction both created the country we live in and sparked the battles that threaten to engulf it today
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Far from a brief epilogue to slavery’s end, Reconstruction was an era of epochal change. Emancipation transformed everyday life for nearly four million formerly enslaved Black southerners who became architects of freedom, creating independent institutions, organizing mass political movements, and, with white allies, driving the passage and implementation of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments. The amendments promised freedom, equality, birthright citizenship, and voting rights. This is the constitutional framework that structures American democracy today.
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Downs and Masur ground the narrative in nine distinct places that reveal Americans’ struggles to deliver on the nation’s most egalitarian promises, including

• Green-Meldrim House in Savannah, where Major General William T. Sherman was headquartered and met with local Black leaders?
• The streets of Natchez, Mississippi, where freedpeople celebrated emancipation, and Black communities developed significant political power
• First African Church in Richmond, a center for Black spiritual life, politics, and community-building
• Grant Parish Courthouse in Colfax, Louisiana, site of the massacre of dozens of Black men

This accessible narrative shows how Reconstruction both created the country we live in today and sparked the battles that threaten to engulf it.