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The first comprehensive English-language reference devoted to Mount Athos (also known as the Holy Mountain), The Routledge Handbook of Mount Athos examines the principal centre of monasticism in the Byzantine world and its enduring influence on pan-Orthodox spirituality. Since the tenth century, Athos has served as an international spiritual hub whose monasteries evolved into centres of scholarship, treasure houses of art, and major landowners rivalling the Byzantine state itself.

Written by an international team of experts, the book explores all aspects of Mount Athos, including its history, spirituality, culture, and society. Chapters examine the monastic way of life, architectural styles, iconography and chant, pilgrimage traditions, and conservation efforts. The volume traces how Athonite traditions spread throughout the Orthodox world before the end of the Byzantine period and analyses the remarkable renewal of Athonite monasticism in recent decades, which has stimulated fresh research across multiple disciplines.

?his book will be an essential reference resource for Byzantinists, students of monasticism, students of Orthodoxy, and Orthodox faithful. It will also be of interest to pilgrims, friends of Mount Athos, and indeed monastics themselves.

What happens when Holocaust historians leave their academic bubble and start interacting with laypeople? This book investigates practices and discourses of historical distance and their effects on vernacular understandings of the Holocaust among white, middle-class Europeans. In five chapters, Historical Distance and the Holocaust describes and explains how historians, in interactions with laypeople, strip the Holocaust of its moral meaning and emotional load, narrate it as a 'system', and use sick Holocaust humour as distancing strategy.

A detailed interactional analysis and thick ethnographic description demonstrate how the temporal, moral and emotional distancing practices reenforce the lay moralities and political subjectivities of the white middle-class. This comes with (mostly unintended) consequences. Distanced approaches to the Holocaust in non-academic environments reduce empathy for victims and survivors, normalize violence, disconnect the meaning of the Holocaust from contemporary conflict, and re-activate stereotypes about groups who employ more 'close' approaches to the Holocaust.

The book of Revelation has long fascinated readers with its strange symbols, dramatic visions, and apocalyptic warnings. Yet debates about whether it is fundamentally a Christian or Jewish text obscure the political world that gave rise to it. An Exotic Apocalypse offers a new way of understanding Revelation by situating it within the vibrant and experimental religious culture of Roman Asia Minor.

Daniel Charles Smith argues that the question of Christian versus Jewish origins rests on distinctions that did not exist in the first century. Instead, he shows how the Apocalypse emerged within a broader fascination with "exotic" religious practices in the Roman world-especially those associated with Judea. John of Patmos drew on the allure, mystery, and political charge surrounding Judea to craft a compellingly "exotic" religious vision, one whose power depended on imperial structures that defined which customs seemed foreign, dangerous, or appealing. Blending insights from archaeology, imperial history, and the study of ancient religion, Smith reveals how Revelation's vivid imagery and apocalyptic language arose from a cultural crossroads shaped by empire, identity, and imagination.

An Exotic Apocalypse offers a fresh perspective on one of antiquity's most enigmatic texts and illuminates how communities in the Roman world made meaning from foreign traditions. It will appeal to scholars and students of biblical studies, ancient Judaism and Christianity, and Roman religion, as well as readers interested in how communities made meaning from tradition, identity, and empire.

In 1964, East Germany introduced an alternative, unarmed military service that recognized religious belief as a basis for conscientious objection. In a new category of military unit, pacifists performed construction tasks. While accepting a compromise to wear a military uniform, many construction soldiers (Bausoldaten) refused to conform to the military's expectations. Some refused to take the service vow and to work on projects with a direct military orientation. They established the principle that there was more to Bausoldat service than simply getting through the eighteen months of wearing a uniform. As civilians, they continued their advocacy by forming networks and local peace groups that became the foundation of a broader social movement committed to peace. Drawing on oral history interviews, Party-State files, military and secret police documents, and church records, Constructing Peace focuses on the development of this activism amongst the first two cohorts of Bausoldaten in the mid-1960s.

Seventeen centuries after the first ecumenical council of Nicaea (325), we should not only think about the contribution of the most prominent personalities of that event, but also that of the participants who were less involved in the doctrinal debates, but whose presence gave weight and authority to the final document approved there, such as St. Nicholas of Myra, St. Spyridon of Trimythous and St. Paphnutius of Thebes.

The portraits of these three bishops are drawn from their personal experiences, including their fears, weaknesses, intellectual challenges, ambitions and disappointments. The study also critically evaluates the inconsistent evidence presented by their opponents and reveals their vested interest in erasing these bishops from history.

This work will be of interest to researchers and scholars of church history, theology, classics, philosophy and religious sociology, and to all readers wishing to find out more about these iconic figures of early Christianity.

This book reconstructs the Italian 'land conquest' plans to Italianise the territories conquered after the victory in the First World War: South Tyrol (or Alto Adige, in Italian), Venezia Giulia, Istria).

The volume's focus is on the twenty-year Fascist period, but also shows how such plans originated even earlier and remained present for at least the first decade after the fall of Fascism. It examines two crucial nodes: the conception developed by the Italian side towards the annexed populations after the Great War in terms of nationality, and the reclamation and colonisation plans with Italian farmers, conceived and promoted by nationalists and fascists.

Italian Land: Owning the Soil to Secure the Borders, 1915-1954 will be beneficial to scholars of contemporary history and the history of fascism.

Frontiers are dynamic geographical spaces where state-building and geopolitical control continuously shape complex social imaginations. The British Empire's construction of frontiers in South Asia represents one of history's most consequential exercises in territorial control and cultural transformation. The eastern Himalayas, a natural frontier separating China from South Asia, became a site of contested ambitions enacted, imposed and resisted both within and beyond imperialist control. This geographical region remains a critical focus for understanding the interplay of imperial forces and frontier dynamics.

Set in British India's Northeastern Frontier Region, this book examines urban emergence from colonial annexation in 1826 through independence in 1947. Drawing on archival sources and colonial cartography, it traces how key towns materialised along India's northeastern frontier as instruments of imperial control. The study reveals how British perceptions of the Brahmaputra valley as a navigable corridor through the formidable Eastern Himalayas drove strategic urbanisation. Through an in-depth analysis of Dibrugarh, the book illuminates frontier urbanism shaped by resource extraction, military conflict and racialised spatial segregation-introducing the concept of "frontier urbanism" to explain how peripheral towns functioned within imperial networks.

Part of the Empire and Frontiers series, this book is essential for scholars and students of history, anthropology, borderland studies, cultural studies, imperial history and the humanities. It offers critical perspectives on how colonial spatial practices continue to influence contemporary geopolitics in Asia's borderlands, making it valuable for researchers examining empire, territoriality and the enduring legacies of colonial urbanism.

Few myths are as famous as Arthur's, and few empires rival the reach of the British Empire. Yet the two share a history: from the Wars of the Roses to the consolidation of James I's rule, the idea of a British Empire developed in conversation with the Arthurian myth. The vision of a British imperial future was once inseparable from Arthur-until it was not.

Britain under the Shadow of Arthur argues that the Arthurian myth functioned as a form of political theory for both the imagined unification of Britain and the expansion of its empire. Rather than merely tracing references to Arthur, this book shows how the myth structured ideas about what Britain was, how it should be governed, and its imperial potential. Across a century and a half, writers, courtiers, and political thinkers mobilized the Arthurian tradition to articulate competing visions of British unity and imperial destiny. Yet as the empire acquired institutional reality-through colonies and legal structures, whose origins were traced to Arthurian precedents-the myth itself lost conceptual force. The British Empire came to be imagined as the future of the English Crown, while Arthur was increasingly relegated to an immemorial past.

Scholars across disciplines will find this volume valuable. Literary scholars will encounter the first comprehensive structuralist analysis of the Arthurian myth. Intellectual historians will find the most extensive study of Arthur in British political thought. Imperial historians must confront that the earliest imperial legal framework drew on the Arthurian myth.

A dramatic reappraisal and retelling of the destruction of the American Union

To Save Us All from Slavery's Power is a novel assessment of the culmination of the sectional crisis before the Civil War. It is a story of mutual misunderstanding, journalistic mendacity, and irreconcilable visions of the country's future. With threats of disunion and rebellion rising in a thunderous chorus from the South in 1860, how could Republicans not have believed them until it was too late?

As Summers shows, Republicans in 1860 found it difficult to take the disunionist threat seriously because they knew that their party posed no imminent danger to slavery where it existed. But by then Americans were living in different political realities, and white Southerners could not see Republicans as anything less than an existential threat. To Save Us All from Slavery's Power describes in dramatic detail how negative perceptions between the sections festered, and how the antagonism between them reached, and then went past, the breaking point.

The remarkable journey of a group of Black emigrants from the American South to Liberia after emancipation

In October 1865, six months after the Civil War ended, more than one hundred of the Black residents of Lynchburg, Virginia, left their homes to cross the ocean and begin their lives anew. Their destination was Liberia. They risked everything for the chance to live as full citizens, educate their children, own land, and make a good living-all of which they felt they stood a better chance to do outside the United States, despite their newfound freedom. Why did they leave so soon after the dream of emancipation had finally been realized? And what happened when they ultimately disembarked in West Africa? Out of Virginia tells their story.

In this deeply researched and powerfully written book, Joe Stinnett explores the complex motivations and circumstances that compelled hundreds of Black Virginians to leave the United States and recounts in vivid detail the world they encountered and how they fared after their arrival in Liberia. It also demonstrates in a way few books have done before the local, grassroots nature of the expatriation movement in nineteenth-century America. Above all, Stinnett underscores the depth of determination asserted by Black individuals and families to decide their future for themselves, regardless of the consequences.

This book presents case studies that analyse the diplomatic uses and functions of robes, furniture, weapons, tools, jewelry, paintings, sculptures, books, food, and other material objects in early modern inter-cultural diplomatic encounters in Europe, Asia, the Americas, and the Pacific world.

Readers will gain insights into the material dimensions of early modern diplomacy and the cultural logics and diplomatic rationales of object use in a wide range of regional, political, and imperial contexts spanning the Habsburg Empire, France, Spain, the Ottoman Empire, British and French colonial North America, colonial Mexico, Hawaii, and the South Seas. Transcending the established topic of gift exchanges, the volume aims at an analysis of the overall material settings of early modern diplomatic encounters. With its clear temporal focus on the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the source-driven case studies on concrete objects and object groups open multiple paths into the complexities of the early modern era as a formative phase in the history of diplomacy.

The book is intended for historians of the early modern period, particularly diplomatic history, political history, art history, cultural history, religious history, and regional history. It is also relevant for scholars in the field of material culture studies, ethnography, and museology.

A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more.

The Scourge of Jewish Nationalism is the first book-length study of the theopolitical writings of Rabbi Yoel Teitelbaum of Satmar (1887-1979). A towering figure in twentieth-century Judaism, Teitelbaum was the founder and spiritual leader of the ultra-Orthodox Satmar Hasidic sect, today the largest Hasidic sect in the world. He emerged in the post-Holocaust years as one of the most provocative thinkers in traditional Judaism. The book situates Teitelbaum's dense rabbinic writing in the larger context of contemporary political thought and theology on questions of nationalism, messianism, and Jewish covenantal theology. Introducing readers to Teitelbaum's anti-Zionist writings, Shaul Magid argues that Teitelbaum's anti-Zionist ideas were among the most significant Jewish theological interventions of the twentieth century. Putting his work into dialogue with important philosophers, theologians, and theorists inside and outside of Judaism, The Scourge of Jewish Nationalism closely examines Teitelbaum's work as an illustration of how the Jewish tradition challenges, and is challenged by, the modern nationalist project and its Jewish articulation in Zionism.

How policing has fundamentally shaped the Latinx experience.

The history of Latinx groups in the United States has been marked, from the beginning, by experiences of criminalization and violence at the hands of law enforcement. Marisol LeBron argues that policing has left an indelible mark on Latinx communities across the country and has come to shape our understanding of what it means to be Latinx.

Spanning the nineteenth century to the present, Policed examines how policing became a key component in the formation of Latinx identity and political consciousness, and still lies at the heart of many pressing issues confronting Latinx communities today, including immigration, employment, health, and housing. More than simply telling a story of police brutality and harassment, LeBron powerfully shows that Latinx people have continually resisted state violence and worked to build a more liberated future.

A History of the Roman People offers students a comprehensive, up-to-date, readable introduction to the whole span of Roman history.

Enhanced with additional illustrations, this fully updated volume takes readers through the mists of Roman prehistory and a survey of the peoples of pre-Roman Italy to a balanced, thoughtful account of the complexities of the Roman Republic, its evolution into a full-fledged empire, and its ultimate decline in the West and continuation in the Roman East. This new edition has been expanded to include more content on women and questions of gender identity; more on freedmen and the enslaved; recent archaeological and epigraphic discoveries; and updated suggestions for further reading.

A History of the Roman People is an excellent introduction for those with no background in Roman history. Its clear, accessible language makes it ideal for undergraduate readers in courses on Roman history and Roman culture. More experienced students wanting to expand their knowledge will also find it a rich resource for the full sweep of Roman antiquity

A history of the home mission movement and a window on the roots of Christian nationalism

In the decades after the American Civil War, men, women, and children across the Northern United States bankrolled a continental effort to create a homogenous Protestant republic through the home mission movement-a domestic counterpart to foreign missions abroad. This book provides the first multidenominational account of post-Civil War home missions by focusing on the thousands of ordinary Americans who supported them spiritually, emotionally, and-above all-financially. These benefactors believed that through subsidizing the soul saving of their fellow countrymen, they would receive spiritual blessings of their own. Millions of dollars' worth of this so-called moral capital crisscrossed the nation, creating a "spiritual economy" that Northern Protestants hoped would reunite the republic and bind it for all time.

Christ, Church, and Country tells the story of a nation still reeling from the shock of the Civil War embarking upon a period of unprecedented economic growth and demographic transformation-convulsions that encouraged many Americans to use religious benevolence as a tool to bring greater coherence not only to the republic but also to their own disordered selves.

Aspects of Judean Life focuses on Elephantine during the fifth century BCE, developing a comprehensive model of Achaemenid Persian imperial governance in Egypt and situating the Judean colony within that framework. It reconsiders the colony at Elephantine not as a band of foreign mercenaries living private lives but as colonial state dependents embedded within Achaemenid systems of land-for-service taxation and imperial administration. Far from isolated, the Judeans emerge as active participants in-and beneficiaries of-the structures of empire.

Part 1 offers a cultural history of Imperial Aramaic scribal practice in the Persian period, drawing on Egyptian and Babylonian evidence alongside Phoenician scribal culture. Part 2 reinterprets the Elephantine Papyri through close philological and historical analysis, resolving long-standing problems concerning ethnic designation, administrative purpose, and community sociology. Part 3 reconstructs the professional networks of Judean temple administrators through analysis of Aramaic ostraca and examines the community's role in systems of production, rationing, and taxation.

By placing Elephantine in dialogue with evidence from the Nile Delta, Babylonia, and other imperial settlements, this study offers a nuanced account of how Persian policies were locally implemented. It will be an indispensable resource for scholars of the ancient Near East, biblical studies, and imperial history.

A fascinating window into America's past via one of our favorite foods.

There is no humbler food than bread, none easier to take for granted. So ancient that it shows up in prehistoric sites, bread is still full of surprises. Heirloom grains and artisan loaves fetch top dollar, while home bakers pour their passion into naan and challah, anadama and pistolet.

In this book, award-winning author Andrew Coe provides the definitive history of American bread, from European settlers' introduction to corn through the COVID-era sourdough craze. Each chapter follows an emblematic loaf that connects flour, water, salt, and yeast to the evolving story of American agriculture, industry, immigration, and ideas about health.

Why did supermarket white become America's dominant bread, and how did rustic old-world bagels, ryes, and rolls find their way into our kitchens? Who was the early nineteenth-century dietary reformer who started the whole-grain revolution? Why not knead? An enriching and enlightening cultural chronicle, American Bread answers these questions and more and offers carefully sourced historical recipes to inspire the home baker.

Loot and the Making of British India unveils the intricate and often contentious role of military looting and prize practices in shaping British imperial expansion on the Indian subcontinent. From the eighteenth century onward, the British army developed a unique system that transformed plundered property into "booty" and redefined it as prize money, distributed under royal prerogative. This study explores how these practices incentivized soldiering, constrained unregulated plunder, and fueled tensions between officers, soldiers, and colonial authorities. Through detailed case studies, including the Banda and Kirwee affair, the book examines the legal, political, and social conflicts surrounding prize distribution, revealing how these disputes reflected broader struggles over imperial sovereignty and military discipline. By situating looting and prize within the broader context of empire building, the book offers fresh insights into the dynamics of colonial warfare, the professionalization of the British army, and the transformation of martial customs in India and beyond.

This groundbreaking work is essential for scholars and researchers interested in British imperial history, modern South Asian history, especially the colonial period, and military history.

In the wake of World War I, the League of Nations and numerous investigative journalists went undercover to infiltrate sex-trafficking rings, conduct clandestine interviews with men and women participating in the vice trade, and identify the weak links in their operations in order to destroy this "global menace." These covert researchers discovered that the sex-trafficking industry was dominated not by vast underworld syndicates but by petty hustlers operating tiny fly-by-night operations. In Dealing in Human Flesh, Jeffrey S. Adler uses these unpublished field reports to map how small-time criminals conducted their sex-trafficking ventures. Adler shows that, despite policymakers' (and filmmakers') obsessions with the cartels and international crime rings of myth, it was in fact the business model of sex traffickers that narcotics and arms smugglers borrowed from to forge the surprisingly un-organized structure of early twenty-first-century human, cocaine, and weapons trafficking.

A shocking story of social engineering in the era of Jim Crow

The eugenics movement, in which the state arrogated to itself the right to determine who could and who could not have children, was a dark, shameful chapter in American history. Virginia was infamous as an epicenter of eugenic thought; the case of Buck v. Bell, which resulted in one of the Supreme Court's most notorious decisions, originated there. In Under the Guise of Protection, Erin Bush describes how state programs designed for "delinquent" young women like Carrie Buck-whose sterilization took place while she was an inmate at the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded-developed in Virginia's distinctive environment of "progressive" ideology and racial segregation.

Buck was far from alone. Between 1910 and 1942, the commonwealth's public welfare bureaucrats and charity workers confined more than 2,300 adolescent white and African American girls at juvenile reformatories. By examining the programs developed at these segregated institutions, in both rural and urban areas, this groundbreaking book sheds new light on the connections between juvenile justice, racial politics, and the tendentious use of "science" in the development of social reforms in the early twentieth century.

In the early modern period, the Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg witnessed one of the largest and most sustained persecutions of witches in history. Between 1584 and 1631, more than 1,100 people were investigated for witchcraft, and as many as 900 died. This book examines how such an extraordinary wave of persecution emerged and why it reached such devastating intensity.

William Bradford Smith traces the origins and escalation of the Bamberg witch trials. He situates the persecutions within a landscape of long-standing popular beliefs about witchcraft and magic and the growing body of legal doctrine addressing superstition that culminated in the Bamberg Criminal Code. The study follows how local panics, religious tensions associated with the Counter-Reformation, economic crises, and the centralization of justice converged to produce organized persecution. Using trial records, sermons, mandates, newssheets, and other contemporary sources, Smith shows how propaganda, preaching, the press, rumor, and gossip built support for persecution in Bamberg while bringing to light the struggles of those caught up in the trials.

Based on a wealth of archival evidence, much of it previously unpublished, the book illuminates the social, political, and emotional dynamics that sustained one of Europe's most notorious witch hunts. It will be of particular interest to students and scholars of witchcraft persecution and early modern European history.

How Biddy Mason crossed the continent, broke free from slavery, and built Black Los Angeles.

Born in bondage, Biddy Mason endured one of the longest forced migrations in American history-three thousand miles on foot from Georgia to California. She and her daughters labored in slavery in the "free" state of California for five years before launching a landmark emancipation suit in 1856. Free at last, she defied barriers of race and gender, rising to prominence as a healer, philanthropist, church builder, and real estate entrepreneur whose commercial properties stood at what became known as the "Wall Street of the West." By the time of her death in 1891, she had laid the foundations of Black Los Angeles and ranked among the richest women of color in the United States.

In this first book-length biography of Mason, prizewinning historian Kevin Waite uncovers an extraordinary story of survival that carries readers from the cotton South to metropolitan California, and through the Civil War, Reconstruction, and the dawn of Jim Crow. By retracing Mason's odyssey, he illuminates both the continental sweep of American slavery and the fragile, hard-won possibilities of freedom in the West.

Scandinavia in the Early Modern World introduces the early modern history of the region, covering the period from the early sixteenth century to the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. The volume places developments in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands in relation to wider European and global historical contexts.

Rather than focusing exclusively on political elites and national narratives, the contributions examine political, social, economic, and cultural change across different regions and social groups. The book highlights both similarities and differences within Scandinavia, as well as tensions and conflicts that shaped the region over time. It includes discussions of Sapmi and of Scandinavian colonial involvement overseas, including activities in Greenland, West Africa, the Americas, and India, and situates these within broader patterns of trade and empire in the early modern world. By adopting a broad regional perspective, the volume illustrates how early modern state formation and social change took different forms across Scandinavia.

This book is a valuable resource for students, scholars, and general readers interested in early modern Nordic history, political and socioeconomic history, imperial history, global history, and the history of trade.

This volume offers an annotated translation and commentary on five thirteenth-century narrative accounts of the battles of Steppes (1213), Ane (1227), and Hausbergen (1262) as well as the overall political and military circumstances in which they occurred. These battles have received some scholarly attention, but the broader military organization of the German kingdom as well as the conduct of war require considerable further work. The commentary provided in this translation in both the introduction and notes will help orient readers toward these matters and explain their significance.

The volume makes accessible to an English reading audience five narrative works that are very important for understanding the nature of warfare within the German Empire of the thirteenth century. The introduction brings together the most up to date scholarship regarding the origin, authorship, and purpose of these texts, which is largely in German, French, and Dutch. The commentary provided in the introduction regarding military affairs and the annotations for the translation enables readers to situate these texts in their proper political and military contexts.

This work will be of value both to specialists in medieval history who wish to gain a more thorough understanding of military affairs and also to teachers, who would like to provide their students with an opportunity to read narrative works from the German kingdom that offer insights to a wide range of social, political, and military phenomena. In this context, although a great many of the main narrative sources for the earlier medieval period in Germany have been translated, this is not the case for texts produced after c. 1200.

Birgittine Acts of Memory begins from a simple but insistent premise: memory is not something that is stored, but something that happens. Focusing on the Birgittine Order across late medieval Europe, modern Europe, and contemporary spaces, the volume explores how remembrance takes shape through gestures, materials, voices, and spaces. Moving beyond static notions of preservation, it approaches memory as an active, embodied, and relational process, entangled with questions of authority, devotion, and communal life, and unfolding across liturgy, objects, and affective practices.

Bringing together interdisciplinary contributions, the book moves across manuscripts, liturgical performance, visual culture, queer theory, and testamentary bequests, attending to the acts that sustain and transform memory. Birgittine communities emerge not as passive repositories but as dynamic sites where memory is continuously produced, negotiated, and reconfigured. What is at stake is not only what is remembered, but how memory circulates, how it attaches itself to bodies and objects, and how it opens different temporalities within enclosed and public life. Memory, in this sense, is not merely retrospective but generative, shaping identities, communities, and devotional experience across time and space.

This volume will be of interest to scholars and students of medieval studies, religious history, memory studies, art history, and manuscript studies, as well as to readers engaged with material religion, monastic culture, and interdisciplinary approaches to the premodern archive.