言語学 — 全 下位分類

With the ongoing development of immersive technologies, growing degrees of design flexibility, and integrated communicative tools, the metaverse presents new possibilities for facilitating language learning opportunities through meaningful social interactions. As the metaverse is still emerging, the edited volume identifies the key elements of metaverse-based language learning and teaching by placing them in the context of established theories and practices in second language acquisition. It also presents metaverse platforms and tools, and provides examples of how they might be used in the field of English Language Education.

The volume is divided into four parts (Foundations, Practical Applications, Socio-Emotional, Ethical and Sustainable Dimensions, and Future Directions), consisting of 13 internationally contributed chapters that address various aspects of the metaverse-based language teaching and learning. The volume provides valuable insights for language educators, researchers, and learners, and aims to enrich the language learning and teaching landscape in an increasingly digital world.

This book draws on the cognitive linguistic theories to probe into the cognitive mechanism of text comprehension, transformation and text production involved in translation process. It offers cognitive accounts of the semantic, grammatical, pragmatic and cultural issues, and constructs theoretical models on the wide range of topics including categorization, conceptual metaphor and metonymy, polysemy, iconicity, subjectivity, frame, construal, conceptual integration, relevance, and textual cognition in translation. It presents a more inclusive cognitive linguistic approach to translation studies, especially theoretical modeling of translation process, translational cognition, and the cognitive mechanism underlying the linguistic shifts and translation strategies, with detailed analysis on different types of translation cases.

Practical Pronunciation offers an easy-to-follow road map for English learners to incorporate pronunciation into their everyday and professional speaking. With more than two decades of practice and expertise in teaching advanced English pronunciation and public speaking skills, DJ Kaiser guides readers through a series of hands-on strategies that bring pronunciation practice to life. Carefully ordered lessons cover segmentals, word stress, phrase rhythm and melody, the phrase focus syllable, and intonation. Balancing more advanced topics in pronunciation (like stress on compound nouns, intonation on various question types, and using gestures to bring focus to relevant content) with accessible language and practical strategies makes reaching pronunciation goals more attainable. The book includes access to video content and more than 4.5 hours of audio content. Practical Pronunciation is perfect for classroom instruction, small-group tutorials, and one-on-one tutoring sessions, or as a self-study tool for advanced independent learners.

CEFR Level: C1

Key Features

• A series of 210 audio recordings provides opportunities for learners to listen for key aspects of pronunciation and practice items from the book on their own.
• Twenty-nine videos provide short explanations and visual demonstrations of many of the strategies included throughout the book.
• Recommendations on ways to integrate digital tools into pronunciation exploration and practice provide learners and teachers with multiple ways to customize pronunciation practice to meet varied professional speaking contexts, academic goals, and personal interests.
• Practice items and exercises incorporate higher-frequency words from the Corpus of Contemporary American English.
• A glossary and several quick-reference charts make it easy to look up or clarify key terms and linguistic terminology or to visually review consonant and vowel charts.

This book explores the portmanteau as a popular language trend. A portmanteau is a lexical blend in which at least one of the two original words is shortened in the process of combination, such as brunch (breakfast + lunch) or motel (motor + hotel). Although portmanteaus have a long history in the English language, they are experiencing a significant proliferation in online communication. The power of the portmanteau lies in its ability to bring concepts together both sonically and n writing. In doing so, portmanteaus carry the associations of their source words through multiple and shifting contexts, making them complex sites of rhetorical inquiry. This book examines the portmanteau form by analyzing a range of contemporary blend words. It theorizes a method of "critical portmanteau decomposition" that illustrates the ways the portmanteau's form contributes to its functioning by forging conceptual associations between its components. These associations become clear when the blend is "decomposed" into its constituent parts: the source words and the extra linguistic contexts surrounding both the source words and the blend as a whole. This complex blending process reflects and constructs conceptual networks that can be easily masked by the form, which is often viewed as playful and innocuous. This is particularly significant when the portmanteau transmits ideology, as the playful form is at odds with its content. Critical portmanteau decomposition takes into account the pieces of the portmanteau, the cognitive process of blending, the connections forged among elements, and the context of the complete word.

This book explores how English accents are perceived, evaluated, and socially interpreted within contemporary Nigeria. Drawing on original empirical research involving Nigerian university students, the author investigates how speakers assign value to different English varieties, specifically American, British, Ghanaian, Jamaican, and Nigerian English, and what these evaluations reveal about identity, power, and postcolonial linguistic hierarchies. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines surveys, interviews, and an indirect verbal-guise experiment, the book uncovers both conscious beliefs and unconscious biases shaping how Nigerians respond to different English accents. At its core, the book examines the relationship between accent, social status, and cultural belonging in a multilingual, postcolonial society, offering new findings and implications for scholars, language educators, and policymakers alike.

The development of pragmatics has been shaped by thought experiments without which it could not have become an autonomous subfield of linguistics. However, their nature and their impact on current trends in pragmatics has not yet been made subject to systematic scrutiny. The book addresses that gap by confronting a central puzzle: How can thought experiments in pragmatics yield new experiential information about communication when they take place entirely within the researcher's imagination. The volume offers a clear and original answer by showing that their power lies not in invention or speculation, but in a disciplined process of argumentative re evaluation of existing experiential knowledge.

The book is unique in at least two respects. First, it presents carefully elaborated case studies on Searle's and Grice's seminal thought experiments, which yield an original solution to the paradox. The key idea of the solution is that thought experiments in pragmatics neither generate new experiential information per se, nor are they mere speculations on imaginary situations. Rather, their novelty is rooted in the plausible argumentation process during which they cyclically and prismatically re-evaluate experiential information. Second, through this solution, the book contributes to the controversies on the semantics-pragmatics interface in particular as well as the methodological foundations of pragmatic research in general.

Written with conceptual clarity and supported by extensive engagement with current scholarship, this volume is of vital interest to researchers and advanced students in pragmatics, cognitive linguistics as well as the history and philosophy of linguistics.

Effective oral academic communication is central to multilingual students' engagement as learners and their success in academic and professional domains. This Brief Instructional Guide provides readers with an established set of principles and a pedagogical toolkit for teaching oral academic communication to multilingual international students with a specific focus on genre-based instruction and multimodality. It covers standard oral genres such as presentations and class discussions, as well as a wide variety of communicative genres that enable students to gain rhetorical awareness and communicative competence.

This book introduces a model course design and its guiding principles, then explicitly describes a variety of oral communication assignments that promote engaged learning, including steps in the instructional sequence, tips for teaching, and sample guidance to be shared with students. It emphasizes the importance of leveraging students' cultural and linguistic strengths and global experiences to promote their agency as learners. The principles and practices described in this book are grounded in an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) context, but are easily adaptable to other instructional settings and teaching modalities. Implementing a genre-based and multimodal approach helps build students' rhetorical awareness, increases their communicative capacity, and enables them to participate actively in their academic discourse communities.

The book provides an extensive look at tools to assess language competence in child and adult multilingualism, as well as at the acquisition of particular grammatical phenomena, paying special attention to the Romance languages (Spanish, French, Italian, Catalan) as majority or heritage languages. The book explores numerous methodological possibilities to determine multilinguals' proficiency in their different L1s, such as receptive vocabulary measures, spontaneous language production and (parental) background questionnaires. The book also looks at multilinguals' development of Romance (non-)mainstream languages by examining a wide range of language assessment methods and the language-external factors that might contribute to a multilingual's linguistic competence. It provides new insights on the acquisition of Romance languages in several contexts: (i) as heritage languages in non-Romance speaking countries in Europe; (ii) as majority languages in monolingual and bilingual regions; and (iii) as school languages in bilingual education programs in Germany. The book contributes to a better understanding of multilinguals' language development, proficiency and dominance, starting in preschool, and particularly for language combinations with (at least) one Romance language. This book is intended for linguists with a special interest in Romance languages, school educators, teachers, and researchers in the field of heritage and majority languages.

Addressing an important gap in the literature, this book is an extremely concrete and practical A-Z guide about how to design, undertake and communicate the results of a mixed methods approach to critical discourse analysis (MMCDA) in the social sciences. Offering detailed discussions of the processes used, lessons learned, and research outcomes of 3 award-winning MMCDA research projects in political studies and international relations (as well as reflections about the potential considerations around the use of AI in MMCDA research), the goal of this book is to give readers everything they require to undertake successful MMCDA projects on their own topics of research.

This book offers a pioneering investigation into how multimodal speech acts, particularly compliments, are perceived, interpreted, and evaluated across cultural and technological contexts. Introducing the Multimodal Compliment Perception Model, it offers a fresh framework for understanding evaluative practices in everyday interaction.

Drawing on pragmatics and (im)politeness research, it examines how factors like culture, age, gender, and personality shape compliment perception, and how different modalities-text, emoji, audio, video, gesture-impact evaluations in digital and face-to-face settings. Using mixed methods and data from over 400 participants across Chinese, Swiss German, and English-speaking backgrounds, the study develops three innovative tools to measure perceptions of sincerity, politeness, and emotional authenticity. The book contributes to multimodal pragmatics by extending facework and relational work into dynamic, culturally sensitive environments. It offers practical tools for researchers in speech act theory, intercultural pragmatics, and digital sociolinguistics.

Aimed at scholars in pragmatics, especially (im)politeness, speech act theory, and multimodal interaction, this book offers both theoretical insights and practical tools for analyzing digital and embodied communication. It's also a valuable resource for researchers in intercultural pragmatics, discourse analysis, gesture studies, multimodal analysis, and digital sociolinguistics.

This book examines how the media construct and develops the image of the ethnic Other, considering the Roma in Bulgaria, and the Gypsies, Roma and Travellers (GRT) in the UK. In comparing the discourses of the national media in these two different countries, it focuses on concepts such as ethnic identity, othering, and anti-Gypsyism, which are used as the basis for all the devices used in the media discourses of Bulgaria and the UK.

The book draws from analysis done on a comparative basis, outlining the similarities as well as the differences in the perceptions of the two media discourses on these communities. Furthermore, the book provides a diachronic perspective in comparing the media presentations on RGT communities from during the Covid-19 period to those featured at the beginning of the century (2001-2005). It is relevant to scholars and students in media and discourse studies, ethnic studies, sociology, and European cultural studies.

Understanding the entanglement of language education with ethnicity and racialization

Who has the "right" to learn Mandarin Chinese? In Multiracial Mandarin, author David Shuang Song examines how matters of race and privilege shape US Mandarin language education and who has access to it. Through a two-year ethnographic study of two Bay Area high schools where diasporic and heritage speakers learn Mandarin alongside Black and Latinx students, Song advances a sociological and educational-linguistic inquiry into how language interacts with our understanding of identity and equity.

Comparing classroom activities in two public schools, Song investigates teachers that seek to make Mandarin accessible while detaching it from its cultural roots. As he explores the difficulties of limited resources, racial inequality, and pedagogical practices inherent in multiracial Mandarin instruction, Song shows how language education complicates how educators understand Asian American students and troubles conventional conversations around race and racial equity in schools.

Arguing that language practice and instruction must always be considered in relation to diaspora, ethnicity, and racialization, Multiracial Mandarin offers a frank analysis of the risks and benefits of teaching a diasporic language and asks if this practice ought to be replicated in more schools. As he applies innovative conceptual frameworks for talking about language among Asian Americans, Song's timely and theoretically sophisticated analysis has wide-ranging implications for how students, teachers, and administrators approach essential questions around education, privilege, and language survival.

Retail e-book files for this title are screen-reader friendly.

This book traces the existence and potential of two concepts rarely considered together: Blackness and World Languages. Each chapter begins with a vignette illustrating how the phenomenon of Black World Languaging has manifested in the author's life. Layering on fresh data to existing research, Austin unpacks the ways that World Languages constructs barriers both to humanizing and Black language practices, or Black World Languaging, despite the latter's alignment with what is called for by national 'foreign' language standards. Each chapter then concludes with reflection questions for various stakeholders across language education. The book will be relevant to language teachers and learners, as well as students and researchers in fields including teacher education, language education, world languages, language policy, and sociolinguistics.

Discourses of War, Media and Politics in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict examines how language, media, and political narratives shape understandings of one of the world's most contested conflicts.

Moving beyond military and diplomatic analyses, this book explores the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as a struggle over meaning, legitimacy, and historical interpretation. Through interdisciplinary approaches to discourse analysis, the contributors investigate how terms such as "occupation," "terrorism," "resistance," "security," and "genocide" have been contested, reframed, and politicised across different historical moments. The volume demonstrates how discourse does not simply describe political realities, but actively constructs them by shaping public perceptions, moral evaluations, and the boundaries of political possibility. Bringing together established and emerging scholars from around the world, the book provides critical analyses of the narratives, media representations, and ideological frameworks that continue to influence debates surrounding violence, justice, and human rights in Israel/Palestine.

This book will appeal to scholars and students of media studies, political communication, discourse analysis, Middle East politics, and conflict studies, as well as readers interested in the relationship between language, power, and representation in contemporary global conflicts.

This book is a classic introduction to Chinese philology - the discipline of textual interpretation - which is grounded in rigorous exegetical and linguistic analysis of ancient texts.

As a discipline devoted to explaining classical texts with a particular focus on semantic interpretation, philology is at the heart of the study of classical Chinese language and literature. This concise introductory volume surveys foundational concepts and approaches, including the discipline's definition, scope, and applications; the content and methods of philological annotation; word meaning and its evolution; and new directions in the field. Drawing on the author's teaching and research experience, the book combines scholarly rigour with lucid explanations and offers original insights.

It is an ideal introductory read for sinologists and students of classical Chinese studies who are new to the field and want a clearer understanding of ancient Chinese texts.

A Frequency Dictionary of Polish is an invaluable tool for all learners of Polish, providing an index of the 5,000 most frequently used words in the language.

This dictionary is based on a 100-million-word corpus of Polish, which includes written texts and spoken material from a wide range of genres and registers, including conversation, fiction, newspapers, and e-language. It provides the user with detailed information for each of the top 5,000 entries, including English equivalents, a sample sentence and its English translation, usage statistics, and an indication of register variation. Users can access the entries either through the main frequency listing or through the alphabetical and part-of-speech indexes. Thematically organised lists of the top words from a variety of key topics such as sports, clothing, and family are presented throughout the frequency listing.

An engaging, accessible, and highly useful resource, A Frequency Dictionary of Polish will enable students of all levels to get the most out of their language study.

Designed for use by corpus and computational linguists, the full text is provided in a format that researchers can process and turn into suitable lists for their own research work at resourcecentre.routledge.com/books/9781041260639.

Researchers, translators, practitioners and artists join voices in this volume to explore the profound relationship between multimodality and translation. Looking at the subject from a wide range of perspectives, this book questions the possibility of redefining art practices and artworks as forms and processes of intersemiotic translation.
Exploring the connection between multimodality, translation and the arts, the authors uncover the many overlooked practices of translation which are already inherent in artistic research and in the production of multimodal artworks and texts. In the process, they demystify the notion of multimodality as a matter of artistic inquiry only, examining the processes of embodied, collaborative, kinetic, material, and intersemiotic translation which artists have always undertaken within their work.
The book is divided into four distinct yet interrelated sections. Part One explores multimodality as a key notion to re-conceptualise translation in the arts, encompassing poetry, site-specific performance, and creative cuisine. Part Two is dedicated to translation, music and sound, while in Part Three, the connection between dance, embodied practices, and translation is investigated and presented through non-conventional essays which are themselves multimodal texts. Finally, Part Four contains the transcripts of conversations between artists and scholars in which artists explore, explain and unravel the relationship between their creative process and the process of translation, offering unique practical and experiential insights into the subject. The strong focus on the performative arts gives the book an interdisciplinary perspective at the interface of language and art.

This book elucidates the communicative practices of multilingual international students in university classrooms, charting how they employ not only speech but also a rich set of nonverbal semiotic resources for successful communication.

Matsumoto scrutinizes multilingual multimodal interactional sequences in which distinct multimodal features, such as gesture, laughter, or mobile technology, play key roles in enacting agency in multilingual international students. Supported by data drawn from face-to-face classroom interactions as well as virtual settings that were crucial means of communication during the COVID-19 pandemic, the volume argues that, in expanding the borders of what we consider "classroom interaction," we can uncover new insights into learner agency and interactional norms in multilingual university classrooms.

This volume is intended for students and scholars interested in multilingual international students, multimodal and multisensory communication, applied linguistics, language education, and classroom discourse analysis.

This book explores the mediation and contestation of medical evidence in Wikipedia.

Existing scholarship in the medical sciences has highlighted Wikipedia as a key tool for medical 'knowledge translation', understood as the process of accelerating the wide dissemination and implementation of the latest scientific evidence in healthcare. Little is known, however, about the people, practices and politics involved in the production of Wikipedia's medicine and health-related content. To address this gap, this book draws on theories and methods developed in the humanities field of translation studies and over a decade of empirical research into Wikipedia to examine the social, cultural and political dimensions of medical knowledge translation in the online encyclopedia. In doing so, it not only elucidates the complexity of factors that shape what knowledge gets translated, who by, why and how. It also shows how positioning medical knowledge translation within a broader continuum of other interlingual, intralingual and inter-epistemic translational practices can open up novel transdisciplinary perspectives on the critical challenges of improving health, health literacy and healthcare worldwide.

The book is ideal for health humanities researchers and students interested in the deep entanglement of medical evidence, media, power, identity and culture in today's digital age.

This volume explores how emotions are constructed, expressed, and commodified in digital environments through language and discourse.

Examining the multifaceted nature of online emotional communication across personal, intersubjective, and collective dimensions, an international and interdisciplinary group of authors analyse diverse digital contexts, from WhatsApp conversations and TikTok videos to online mourning practices and food imagery, using frameworks from pragmatics, discourse analysis, and digital communication studies. Organised into three sections - Personal Area, focusing on individual emotional expression, Intersubjective Area, examining emotions in sustained online interactions, and Collective Area, exploring emotions in group identity formation - the book provides new perspectives on how digital technologies are reshaping our emotional landscapes in the 21st century.

This volume will offer valuable insights for researchers, educators, and students in communication studies, sociolinguistics, digital media and digital marketing.

This monograph uses critical discourse analysis to examine warning posts shared within an online community of self-identified escorts in the UK. Combining the discourse-historical approach with the narrative practice paradigm it examines how escorts position clients and themselves across three levels: as characters within stories, as members of a professional community, and in relation to broader societal discourses surrounding sex work.

The monograph shows how escorts collectively name, categorise, and circulate knowledge about problematic client conduct from boundary violations and economic harm to verbal abuse and privacy violations, developing sophisticated community practices for managing occupational risk in the absence of formal institutional protection. It examines both stories that explicitly name harassment and those describing experiences that align with legal and scholarly understandings of sexually harassing conduct, identifying what the book terms the grey areas of sexual harassment in sex work: forms of conduct that constitute significant violations of dignity yet remain inadequately captured by existing frameworks.

Moving between the specificity of individual linguistic choices and the broader structures of stigma, legal precarity, and gendered inequality within which escorts' narratives are embedded, the monograph ultimately argues for a contextually grounded and community-informed understanding of workplace sexual harassment and contributes to broader conversations on gendered violence, labour precarity, and sex worker rights.

This book offers a holistic view of the complex dynamics of interpreter-facilitated legal interviews, elucidating insights into challenges and opportunities for effective communication in legal settings in today's multilingual world.

The volume sheds light on an underexplored area of research at the intersection of language and the law in its focus on legal interviews, a key dimension of legal communication. Xu adopts an ethnographic approach to data from authentic interviews at several legal aid institutions in Australia, supported by survey data with lawyers and interpreters from across Australia. Drawing on these different data sources, Xu explores the ethical, technological, and communicative challenges in interpreter-mediated legal interviews, from deviations in ethical standards by untrained interpreters to the difficulties of remote interpreting. In so doing, the volume puts in starker relief the importance of professional training, ethical practices, and proactive approaches in facilitating effective communication and access to justice for all clients in multilingual legal settings.

This book will be of interest to students and scholars in translation and interpreting studies and language and the law, as well as related areas such as legal studies and immigration studies.

Digital Health Discourse offers a comprehensive overview of how health and illness are talked about, represented, and negotiated across contemporary digital platforms. Bringing together linguistic, discourse-analytical, and multimodal perspectives, it explores a wide range of digital contexts-including health query interfaces, online support groups, websites, social media, mobile health apps, and patient feedback systems-to reveal how digital technologies shape notions of health knowledge, expertise, responsibility, and care in the digital age.

The textbook foregrounds the role of platform affordances, participation, and design in structuring interaction, while attending closely to broader social forces such as medicalization, commercialization, neoliberalism, and inequality. By combining theoretical discussion with rich, detailed examples from existing research, it equips readers with the conceptual tools needed to critically analyze digital health communication and understand how everyday online interactions not only reflect but continually shape and reshape contemporary health practices.

Through detailed case studies, the book demonstrates how to conduct discourse analyses of interactions that use language and other visual resources, involving both health experts and non-professionals, including those with lived experience. Readers are invited to complete practical tasks designed to inspire their own research into the ever-expanding domains of digital health communication. Essential for researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of language and health, health communication, and discourse analysis.