経済学 — 全 下位分類

This book provides a detailed introduction to the history and development of China's railways, highways, civil aviation, shipping, inland water transportation, tourism transportation, and coal transportation since the reform and opening up 40 years ago. With the development of transportation technology, the Internet, and e-commerce, China's transportation intelligence, green technology, environmental protection, and network level have continued to improve. This book details the achievements of China's transportation industry and how it effectively promotes and supports China's economic growth. It proposes continuing to rapidly promote the construction of infrastructure such as high-speed railways, highways, bridges, ports, and airports.

This open access book explores Japanese involvement in Asian development through selected development ideas and lexemes that are widely regarded in Japan as 'untranslatable' into other languages. Each chapter traces the genealogy of locally nuanced development ideas and lexemes in Japan and the process by which they have spread across Asia and beyond through Japan's development cooperation. The Semantics of Development in Asia critically examines the diverse (Western and non-Western) roots of Japanese development ideas and lexemes and their shifting semantics, shaped by the ever-changing national/international political economies and dominant development thinking of different eras. The volume contributes to a more pluriversal approach to knowledge production in development studies through its in-depth examination of vernacular Japanese ideas. This book is useful to researchers, students and teachers in the fields of Asian studies, development studies and international relations. It is also of value to policymakers and practitioners whose professional interests include development cooperation by, and with, Asian countries.

This book summarizes the quantitative research methods related to the social benefits of high-speed rails. It also explores the political, economic, technological, social and environmental impacts of high-speed rails. As China's new national business card, high-speed railways not only reflect the advanced technology of Chinese railways but also reflect China's increasing comprehensive national power. The highlight of the book is to conduct multidimensional analysis of the social benefits of the high-speed rail with a focus of spatiotemporal economics analysis.

Telecommunications are an essential part of the global political economy, and the private telecommunications sector is driving much of the transformation across Africa. Yet the regulatory frameworks governing the relationships between African governments and these corporations remain hazy.

Focusing on South Africa's flagship mobile network operators (MNOs), MTN and Vodacom, this open access book provides unique insights into this thin boundary between corporatism and many African states' global relationships. Drawing on rich archival research, company data, and reports from the South African parliament and Department of International Relations and Cooperation, Odilile uncovers how information and communications technology (ICT) companies have taken advantage of epoch-shifting periods in South Africa's history, from the end of the Cold War to the end of Apartheid. In so doing, she sheds new light on the wider issues of the politics of the multinational corporation, of foreign investment, and of state-corporation relations across Africa and beyond.

The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the Bloomsbury Open Collections Library Collective.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the development of various schools of economic thought. Written for students of economics and anyone interested in the history of economics, it introduces the economic thinking of major economists, including Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Karl Marx, and John Maynard Keynes, and explains how classical economics and modern schools of economic thought evolved also in relation to the social conditions and real economic problems they were trying to address. It covers topics such as the evolution of classical economics, the marginal revolution, the theory of capital and the Cambridge controversies, Keynes's General Theory, the neoclassical synthesis, and the history of macroeconomics. The author also reflects on the contemporary influence of various schools of economic thought and what answers they offer to present-day problems.

The second edition is completely updated and offers two new chapters, one on the methodology of economics and another on economic growth. The final chapter presents and critically evaluates developments in macroeconomics in the years after the "Great Recession."

Why do policymakers allow economies to settle into a "new normal" after a bad break in the economy rather than try to return the economy to its previous trend? In this book, economist Harrison C. Hartman discusses some of the variables that impact a nation's ability to recover from negative aggregate demand shocks.

Spanning total real GDP, per capita real GDP, and nonfarm payroll employment in the USA, the book emphasizes the role of aggregate demand shocks in causing the US economy to fail to return to trend. The resulting book challenges modern mainstream macroeconomic theories and highlights the complexities of post-recession recovery. The chapters provide econometric evidence both for and against the impact of aggregate demand on real GDP and employment levels in the long run.

Hartman studies modern macroeconomic theories related to economic resilience and demand using (a) the velocity of money and the equation of exchange and (b) econometric analysis to dissect modern macroeconomic theories related to economic resilience and demand. The book provides methods to estimate and evaluate trends, and after simple methods for estimating trend and discussing associated results, the book turns attention to model selection, hypothesis testing and further results. This book also offers some possible areas for future work.

A thought-provoking exploration of economic recovery or lack thereof, the book covers aggregate demand, employment, real GDP, and economic theories (classical, Keynesian, monetarist, neoclassical, new-Keynesian, and post-Keynesian perspectives). Bad Breaks in Real GDP and Employment is a timely and essential guide for economists navigating the complexities of past, present, and future macroeconomic landscapes. It explains the functionality of aggregate demand in the context of economic recession, offering insight into why some AD shocks feel permanent.

This book provides econometric evidence supporting Keynesian and post-Keynesian perspectives on the potential importance of aggregate demand in determining real GDP and employment levels in the long run, particularly in cases when real GDP and employment fail to recover fully after recessions.

This book is one of few contemporary works (a) explicitly noting the economic importance of money velocity and (b) focusing on econometric analysis that at least at times supports post-Keynesian perspectives.

This textbook demonstrates how economic theories can be used for environmental policy evaluations. A notable feature of this book is that, unlike most textbooks in environmental economics written in English, it draws on examples from Japan's policy on energy, resource, pollution, and carbon emissions. Policy measures discussed in this book include controls on motor vehicle emissions, pricing of waste disposal, deposit-refund scheme for recycling, carbon taxes and emissions trading schemes. With topics involving transboundary environmental concerns such as climate change, air pollution, and waste management and recycling, the book also integrates international perspectives and provides comparisons of policies across regions and countries. A major objective of this book is to present a concise and accessible introduction to environmental economics as applied to policy evaluations in and beyond Japan. The knowledge available from this book must be very useful for students, policymakers and practitioners who seek environmental policy solutions from an economic point of view.

This is an open access book.

This book explores why inflation surged globally in the 2020s, where we are heading and what lessons we can draw from it. Following a decade of too-low inflation, inflation suddenly surged in 2021-22 to its highest levels in 40 years in the US and Europe. The book introduces a simple economic framework and adopts a global perspective to compare the inflation experiences across the US, Europe, and Asia. Among the key questions the authors tackle is 1) why the West suddenly experienced surging inflation when their central banks had been fighting too-low inflation in the 2010s, 2) why so few economists saw the inflation resurgence coming, and 3) why China now faces deflation.

The great inflation resurgence has taught us several key lessons, namely that inflation is a global phenomenon with local characteristics, that economists should rely more on broad economic thinking, and less on models when large shocks occur, and finally that fiscal policy is a major differentiator. The authors, a central banker and an economist on the 'buy side', offer key lessons for both central banks and financial markets while anticipating where inflation might be headed.

With a global range of diverse expert contributors, this Handbook explores quantitative and qualitative approaches to a broad array of substantive topics, including health, social media, disasters, crime, and employment. Chapters highlight the major theoretical and methodological advancements in the field, examining applications to affective and community-based outcomes and applications to instrumental and career-based outcomes. Ultimately, the Handbook provides a comprehensive review of the diversity of research on the resource of social capital and its relationship with the creation and maintenance of different forms of inequality.

Interdisciplinary in scope, this Handbook is a vital resource for students and scholars of sociology and social policy, economics, education, communications, management, demography, social networks, and public administration. Its innovative theorizing and novel empirical contributions will also be of use to policymakers working to reduce inequality across communities.

The Cost of Living Crisis uses historical and simulated data to contest the proposition that inflation can be constrained solely through monetary policy and nine potential causes of resurgent inflation are identified, analysed and systematically evaluated. Moosa refutes claims made by central bankers and politicians about their ability to control inflation and recommends the reconsideration of neoliberalism, the regular adjustment of minimum wages, the utilisation of consumer protection and the rethinking of tax codes, foreign policy and militarism. Ultimately, Moosa argues that any action taken to deal with the cost of living crisis should protect the wellbeing of the majority rather than the interests of major corporations.

The Cost of Living Crisis is a thought-provoking read for academics and students of economics, regulation, public finance, sociology and economic sociology. Written in an engaging and accessible style, this book is also of interest to policymakers and politicians engaged in international financial regulation during highly turbulent times.

This insightful book examines the need for a new and broader set of economic policies to end four decades of declining GDP growth, persistent trade deficits, stagnant incomes, and socially disruptive income inequality in the US. Tassey proposes a technology element model which characterizes and assesses the four major asset categories that must comprise emerging technology-based growth policies: investment in research and development, capital formation, skilled labor, and complex technical infrastructures. He emphasizes a range of existing and proposed growth policies that currently or potentially support the rapidly expanding technology-based economy, exploring their management and implications for regional and national government growth policies. These constructs are then integrated into crucial recommendations for supporting emerging policy trends.

Growth Policies for the High-Tech Economy is a key read for students, government policy analysts and scholars of economics, industrial organization, innovation policy and finance. Most important, it is also a vital resource for government analysts and industry managers lobbying for innovative policy changes.

This book explores the ideas of nine renowned economists to present the evolution of economic thought on the development and trajectory of capitalism as a system. The author shows how this diverse group of thinkers are linked by their thinking on the future role of capitalism in society and fleshes out the influences informing each economist's work. With chapters dedicated to Karl Marx, Joseph Schumpeter, Thorstein Veblen, Henry George, Gunnar Myrdal, Alfred Marshall, Allyn Young, J. M. Keynes and Amartya Sen, the book aims to analyse contrasting views on the future of capitalism in historical perspective and make a critical assessment of their insights in contemporary contexts.

While considering the views of some thinkers such as Marx, Schumpeter, and Veblen who critiqued capitalism, the book does not view capitalism beyond redemption, nor is meant to be a critique of capitalism in its conclusions. Rather, it argues that thinkers like Marshall, Myrdal, Young and Keynes were more right in their optimism about the future prospects of capitalism than many others. It argues that capitalism can be reformed through the democratic process in a more humane direction. This can happen if democracy works for all, and if discriminating privileges and crony capitalism are eschewed. This book is valuable reading for scholars and students of economic history and the history of economic thought.

This open access book argues that a new policy approach is required in order to tackle the numerous problems the world is currently facing. The priority should be on achieving better outcomes for people, especially those facing deprivation or precariousness, by meeting their basic needs. In order to achieve this, the book develops a monitoring system that can act as an objective, an incentive, and a criterion of success for policy makers at all levels of government and in civil society, as well as providing information to guide specific actions. In doing so, the book aims to promote good health and positive social functioning by providing a new approach to help assess how well basic human needs are being met. This involves monitoring the outcomes of the economy that ought to satisfy these needs. It will appeal to all those interested in public policy, official statistics and monitoring, public health and wellbeing, as well as practitioners.

This book analyses contemporary and future conditions of global finance and capitalism in an age of catastrophe. It illuminates the links between various crises that have beset the world economy in recent decades and sets these in philosophical context, drawing on the work of Marx, Bataille and Baudrillard to forge new understandings of the impact of capitalist hegemony on society and nature.

The book introduces the concept of the 'over' as a lens through which to reflect on capitalist excess and its negative consequences, such as over-accumulation of goods, over-pollution of the environment, and over-speculation of capital. In particular, it shines a light on the trends of financialization and stagflation, with chapters examining increasingly embedded features of the world economy such as hyper-inflation, the dominance of advanced economy central banks, the phenomenon of repurchase agreements, new asset managers for the ultra-wealthy and index funds to show how capitalist structures continue to drive inequality, ecological breakdown, and geopolitical precarity on a global scale. With a rigorous philosophical and theoretical framework, this book will appeal to political economists, Marxist economists and scholars interested in theories of capitalism.

Presenting intersectional approaches alongside nuanced understandings of crisis and climate change induced mobility, this Companion interrogates the complex linkages and intersections between sustainable development and contemporary migration. Chapters assess the importance of the policy and governance of migration and the SDGs across local, regional, and global scales, drawing on examples from diverse sectors, geographies, and migration corridors. The Companion provides a comprehensive analysis of the importance of inserting migration into SDG debates on a wide range of issues, including poverty and inequality, climate change and food insecurity, education, labour rights, the migrant right to vote, and diaspora finance.

This insightful Companion will prove an essential resource to postgraduate students and scholars of development studies, migration studies, human geography, education, and international relations. Its substantive focus on the core development agenda will also benefit policymakers invested in the implementation of the SDGs.

With contributions from global experts, chapters explore the use of machine-learning techniques, the value of social media data, and climate change forecasting. Investigating the opportunities and challenges brought about by 'Big Data', it examines how data can be used for forecasting by economists and analysts in international organisations as well as private practice. Utilising econometric techniques, it helps quantify the uncertainties regarding the future.

The insightful Handbook is an excellent resource for scholars of advanced macroeconomic forecasting, as well as those requiring a better understanding of econometrics, statistics, and modelling approaches. Practitioners in both private and public sectors will greatly appreciate the expert guidance for good future forecasting practices.