経済学 — 全 下位分類

This book attempts to answer the most fundamental questions of BRI by applying economic methods: What is, what to do, and how to do. Whether in China or the international community, whether in academia or in decision-making circles, there is no consensus on these issues, even though BRI has been around for eight years. As a result, there are many misunderstandings and suspicions about BRI, which have become a major obstacle to its smooth development. As an academic study, this book is not a simple interpretation of the official Chinese BRI representation, but an analysis of it is based on a unified theoretical framework. In addition to tracing the evolution of BRI and the cognition of the international community, the focus of this book is to analyze the attributes, positioning, and governance structure of BRI, as well as to discuss the internal and external risks it faces and its future development direction. The author starts from the development orientation of BRI (different from the current rule orientation of global governance) and makes a normative definition of it. Emphasizing development orientation does not mean that BRI does not need rules, but to jointly formulate rules according to the needs of development. Therefore, one of the directions to promote the high-quality development of BRI is institutionalization.

The transformation of Asia demonstrated in its demographic transition, social progress, economic development, and technological innovation has been phenomenal. Dragon Innovation: Shenzhen is one of the first comprehensive analyses on the formation of China's technology hub, Shenzhen and the Greater Bay Area, in a multidimensional and multicultural society in the 21st century amid global trade war and great power competition. It examines how and why Shenzhen and the Greater Bay Area emerged as Asia's leading technology cluster from historical, cultural, political, institutional, business and social perspectives to present an innovation experience that differs from the widely known western innovation hubs. In-person interviews with Shenzhen local government officials, renowned Shenzhen business leaders including Huawei's Ren Zhengfei, Tencent's Pony Ma Huateng, and the chief scientists at major technology & AI companies as well as EV companies including BYD make this book authentic and outstanding. Interviews with tech investors, academics, salespeople, grassroots entrepreneurs and migrant professionals make this book rich, vivid and informative. This book will interest scholars, policymakers, development practitioners, technologists, transnational entrepreneurs and global investors.

Sustainable development is at the forefront of urban, rural, social, agricultural and economic development policies in European countries, out of these areas, agriculture is researched the least as there is currently more focus on central and urban areas.

Salvati and Konaxis present an interdisciplinary and multidimensional examination of the complex evolution of rural systems in advanced economies, and more specifically in Europe and the Mediterranean region, providing an integrated framework approaching environmental problems and socioeconomic issues jointly. Distinctive chapters authored by leading scholars in Europe identify the intrinsic peculiarity of the environmental-economic nexus characteristic of advanced economies and the most important differences with other socioeconomic contexts. Both contributions from a traditional ecological/agronomic vision, and studies having a more strict socio-demographic and economic focus, clarify the role of policies addressing sustainable development goals in the 'kaleidoscopic' rural landscape, confirming the need of place-specific approaches to socio-ecological complexity and the partial effectiveness of generalized, top-down measures.

Against the archetypal vision of economic backwardness of agricultural and forest systems, Transitional Rural Landscapes shows a dynamic image of rural landscapes under the increasing impact of climate change, providing novel interpretations, conceptual definitions, and operational tools designed to reduce ecological fragility and economic vulnerability.

Digital platforms have garnered both apprehension and admiration for their disruptive influence on social systems, structures, and everyday lives. However, research insights on digital platforms and ecosystems, both in theory and practice, largely emerge from the Global North. Pivoting this focus to the Global South, An Introduction to Platform Economy in India explores the operational socio-technical framework of India's growing platform economy at the confluence of numerous platform ecosystems developed both globally and nationally.

Employing an economic sociology perspective, the authors examine the pivotal roles of individuals and collectives, alongside their embedded socio-economic and technical arrangements, to show the multifaceted dimensions of the rapid proliferation of platforms, burgeoning platform memberships, and the ensuing multidimensional social exchanges in India. The chapters respond to growing interest in India's platform economies by showing how the country figures prominently in visions of platform futures, whether as an emerging market, a critical node in global supply chains, or a catalyst for technological innovation.

Promising to be a timely intervention grounded in economic sociological analysis, this introductory text bridges the existing gap in the production of such scholarly literature from the Global South. By shedding light on the intricacies of platform dynamics, adoption, usage, and their impact on the social and economic lives of people in India, readers gain valuable insights that inform our understanding of the broader global dynamics of platform economies.

Facing unprecedented challenges including extreme weather events, shifting rainfall patterns, and rising temperatures, the agriculture sector is at an inflection point. These difficulties endanger the global food supply chain and the livelihoods of millions of producers. This collected work provides the tools required to navigate the complex relationship between smart farming and climate resilience.

Sustainable and Smart Farming Eco-systems: Changing Landscapes in the Age of Technology bridges the gap between theory and practice by providing actionable insights and strategies for improving the sustainability and resilience of agricultural systems. The editors offer a comprehensive guide to modern agriculture that emphasises the critical significance of smart farming and climate resilience. Multidisciplinary in nature, the collected chapters delve into the basics of climate change and its direct and indirect effects on agriculture, the economic aspects of intelligent agriculture, marketing strategies for smart agriculture practices, and practical and managerial issues in the implementation of smart agriculture. It also analyses policy implications and advocacy for developing sustainable and smart farming ecosystems. Chapters provide step-by-step instructions, case studies, and real-world examples to help readers comprehend how to integrate technology and data analytics into their agricultural operations.

Providing actionable insights and strategies for improving the sustainability and resilience of agricultural systems, this collected edition is useful for academics and professionals in the field of agriculture, environmental science, and climate change.

This book offers an in-depth exploration of the transformative changes necessary to adapt global food systems to the unparalleled challenges posed by climate change. Across 17 chapters, it moves from agroecology with smallholder cooperatives in Angola, to soil carbon sequestration through cover cropping, then to circular economy approaches such as food waste valorization and WASH infrastructure for rural development. A regional synthesis examines climate impacts on productivity, distribution, and consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa, followed by chapters on food system governance and gender and youth farmers' coping strategies. Later sections explore food waste reintegration in South Africa and the opportunities and risks of big data and artificial intelligence in agri-tech. The book also draws lessons from Colombia through community-supported agriculture networks and experiential learning.By integrating methodological innovation with real-world insights, the book serves as a vital resource for researchers and decision-makers committed to advancing sustainable and inclusive food system governance.

An expert compares renewables and nuclear power as sources of low-carbon energy for the electric grid

As the earth warms and we hurtle toward a climate reckoning, many nations are seeking low-carbon, greener ways to generate electricity. Electrification promises to power our vehicles, devices, and infrastructure in a decarbonized future. But, as Peter Wynn Kirby reminds us in The Coming Surge, electricity is only as green as the means used to produce it. Kirby sets up a head-to-head comparison of the two top contenders in the race to produce low-carbon energy for the electric grid: renewables and nuclear. Along the way, he makes predictions about technological development, from AI to automated traffic systems and grid sensor expansion, and considers how political shifts could influence energy policy and environmental outcomes. Through it all, perhaps improbably, he remains optimistic about human resilience and the fate of the planet.

Drawing on extensive fieldwork and research conducted in France, Japan, China, Puerto Rico, Finland, the Netherlands, and Germany, Kirby explores the way different countries are grappling with such issues as global warming, energy-sucking data centers, unsteady grids, infrastructure gigantism, extractive ideology, and carbon culture deprogramming. He finds that, rhetoric aside, nuclear power has fared poorly in a number of countries, including the United States, because it has been unable to compete on the basis of cost. As solar and wind costs have plummeted in recent years, renewables now appeal to municipal governments and utility companies even in deep red states like Oklahoma, Kansas, and especially Texas-the country's top wind producer. In the end, he suggests that the future of low-carbon power may hinge less on grand technological achievements than on which systems are quickly scalable and can survive the tumult of markets, politics, and time on a planet running out of leeway.

A compelling account of the role of asset managers in driving consolidation across the American economy, offering a bold call to revive and reinforce US antitrust and antimonopoly policy.

Recent decades have witnessed the rise of both finance and monopoly power in the United States. Although seemingly unrelated, these developments are in fact intimately linked. As Andrew McLean makes clear, asset managers-especially private equity houses and large index investors-are key contributors to the decline of competition in the American economy.

Antitrust and the Age of Asset Management explores two primary ways in which asset managers drive consolidation. First, there is the private equity practice of strategically acquiring numerous companies in a single industry. Such "roll-up" acquisitions are responsible for consolidation across many sectors, from local newspapers to ski resorts, and have been particularly prominent in healthcare, harming patients, workers, and the medical system at large. Second, a subtler form of consolidation is created by "horizontal shareholding," in which asset managers hold shares in multiple companies operating in the same market. This phenomenon has grown alongside the increasing popularity of index funds from providers such as BlackRock, Fidelity, State Street, and Vanguard, and is associated with anticompetitive effects in a range of industries, from airlines to agriculture.

McLean proposes several ambitious reforms to contest finance-led consolidation, including banning acquisitions that would give a private equity house control of more than 30 percent of a market and imposing a maximum cap on the amount of equity capital that an asset manager may manage. Highlighting the close ties between monopoly and finance, Antitrust and the Age of Asset Management is a timely addition to debates about market power and the dangers of an excessively large and influential financial sector.

The current conflict between Russia and Ukraine has changed several views on the practical conduct of military conflict, combat doctrines, the use of military means, logistics, and communication. Not only regarding war on the ground, but also cyberwar, hacks, and attacks on networks are coming to the forefront of military activity.

The chapters in this volume stand at the intersection of the social, geopolitical, economic, and military fields. For too long, these subjects have been treated differently, even though they overlap for various reasons. Public expenditures are the foundation for all strategic planning decisions and political objectives. Economic foreign investment, on the other hand, must be viewed in the larger context of how these decisions impact the strategic regional environment.

Books in this series compile quantitative and qualitative studies in finance, insurance, and risk management. Subjects of interest may include banking, accounting, auditing, compliance, sustainability, behaviour management, and business economics.

This book covers the low fertility in China that has drawn wide attention and exerts a far-reaching influence on the population development. In this book, with population census and sample survey data, and mathematical demographic methods and statistical methods, the authors systematically examined China's fertility levels over the past decades, fertility patterns, changes in birth numbers, projected the future population and simulated the 4-2-1 family structure and families bereaved of their only child. The authors developed a series of models and methods, got some important results, and drew some important conclusions, which provides reference for understanding the changing trend in China's fertility levels and patters, and for further relaxing China's fertility policy.

In 2021, the London School of Economics found that octopuses are sentient beings, capable of experiencing pain, distress, and happiness, and that high-welfare farming of them would therefore be impossible. But the enormous international demand for octopus meat continues to grow even as wild octopus populations decline, prompting a race to bring the first farm-raised product to market. At the same time, firestorms of protest in Europe and the United States over the ethics of farming such an intelligent creature are pressuring lawmakers to ban the practice altogether.

After working at one of the world's first octopus farms, on the Yucatan Peninsula, award-winning journalist Richard Schweid embarked on a global adventure to explore the ethics and future of octopus aquaculture. He traveled to octopus-farming sites in Mexico, Spain, and Japan where he met people on both sides of the ethical debate: marine biologists, businesspeople, restaurateurs, animal rights advocates, octopus farmers, and everyday fishermen whose livelihoods depend on wild octopus. In this vibrant account of his experiences, Schweid also engages pressing related issues: environmental impact; the need for sustainable farming opportunities in underresourced communities; and how global desires for specific foods place pressure on local populations. Ultimately, the appetite for octopus demonstrates the conundrums of our interconnected world-across countries, through oceans, and via the food we consume.

A study of oil-rich Alberta reveals the entwined relationships among geoscience, governance, and power.

The Canadian province of Alberta holds the world's fourth-largest reserve of fossil fuels, with oil sands famous for bitumen, a viscous form of petroleum. A critical testing ground for international environmental ideas and energy policies, Alberta pioneered state-led efforts to understand, extract, and sell bitumen. Without natural access to ocean ports, Alberta must negotiate pipeline routes with neighboring provinces and nations to reach global markets. But Alberta is also landlocked in another sense: it is caught in an extractive relationship with oil-rich earth.

In Landlocked, Jeremy J. Schmidt focuses on Alberta's energy industry, particularly its use of water and oil, to argue for a new way of understanding how political authority is forged and maintained through the environment. Schmidt details how water and oil were enrolled in early state-making projects, such as irrigation, and examines the consequences of Alberta's efforts to extract value from land, including a series of events in 2013 that released 4.2 million barrels of bitumen into underground environments. By uncovering the ways that geosciences supported activities-from land settlement to the dispossession of Indigenous peoples-that produced environmental policies and approaches to management and governance, he shows that they aren't merely instruments of state power but central to Alberta's political identity and legitimacy.

A panoramic historical account of India's ascent in the global fossil economy

India is today one of the world's largest producers and consumers of fossil fuels, driving new investments in the global fossil economy and achieving record-breaking levels of coal extraction at home. As the planet burns from climate change, this entrenchment of fossil fuel dependence has left many searching for how we arrived at this point. Until the Last Ton provides a sweeping new appraisal of this planetary dilemma, uncovering how India became part of an emerging fossil capitalism that continues to shape the present.

Matthew Shutzer recasts the origins of the fossil economy by showing how European industrialization unleashed a global search for fossil energy in the colonial world. Placing India at the center of this history, Shutzer traces how the highland forests of eastern India became early frontiers for global coal investment, transforming this landscape into the largest site of imperial overseas coal production across a century of colonial rule. At the heart of these shifts was a legal framework of subterranean property, which redefined local relations of land ownership and social power, while tying the growth of India's fossil economy to the progressive ecological destruction of the forest frontier.

Following these dynamics into the postcolonial period, Until the Last Ton reveals the enduring impacts of colonial property on independent India's energy history, shedding new light on postwar struggles for energy development and resource sovereignty, as well as the violent conflicts over mining dispossession that have haunted India's economic ascent in an age of climate crisis.

This book explores the diverse nature of Chinese manufacturing activity in Ethiopia and highlights how investments can be guided by local political economy conditions. It examines the economic potential of foreign direct investment and its role in facilitating structural change within African economies. The approaches taken by Ethiopia to steer investment towards development objectives are compared with global trends of industrial relocation and corporate adaptation to illustrate how foreign direct investment can benefit both China and African countries. Ethiopia's proactive industrial policies are highlighted to show that African states can leverage Chinese manufacturing capital to enable industrial development and economic growth.

This book provides unique detail into the specific strategies used in Ethiopia to maximise foreign development and drive economic development. It will be relevant to students, researchers and policymakers interested in development economics, industrial policy, and the international political economy.

The book studies the regulation of the food and beverage industry (F&B) in and by all leading regional trade agreements (RTAs) in the world. It critically evaluates the institutions, rules, and dispute settlement processes used to regulate F&B in older RTAs, such as United States-Mexico-Canada USMCA, Southern Common Market Mercosur/Mercosul, European Union EU, and Europe-Asia Economic Union EAEU, and also focuses on rapidly evolving or more recently established RTAs, such as the African Continental Free Trade Area AfCFTA, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership RCEP, and Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN. It discusses specific examples of major F&B companies to see if they comply or purport to comply with three indicators of healthy food: front-of-pack labelling; environmental, social and governance ESG compliance and the UN Sustainable Development Goals; and the avoidance of highly processed food HPF. It advances specific proposals to companies and to consumers to help achieve the goal of healthy food. The book marshals a sophisticated legal perspective, detailed economic knowledge of major F&B multinational companies worldwide, and constructive and cutting-edge proposals to such companies about providing consumers with up-to-date information to enable them to choose healthy food.

The European Union (EU) is marked by historical connections, socio-economic interdependencies, and shared challenges in labour market development. Despite these commonalities, the region is also characterised by significant diversity in economic structures, demographic trends, political contexts, and educational systems.

This volume responds to the urgent need for a nuanced, comparative understanding of employability across the EU - in the face of digital transformation, demographic shifts, and post-pandemic economic recovery.

The purpose of this publication is to provide a multidisciplinary and evidence-based exploration of the key factors shaping employability across the EU. It critically engages with issues such as skills mismatches, youth unemployment, gender disparities, informal work, and migration, offering insights into both persistent challenges and emerging opportunities. By drawing on case studies, policy reviews, and regional data, the book presents a rich mosaic of experiences and diverse approaches to workforce development.

Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis publishes a series of current and policy-relevant themed volumes within the fields of economics and finance. Both disciplinary and interdisciplinary studies are welcome.

This book explores how the global shift to clean energy affects people differently, and what can be done to make this transition fair for everyone. It explains the idea of energy justice and shows why questions of fairness and equity are as important as technology and economics in shaping future energy systems.

The volume explores who benefits and who risks being left behind in the energy transition - from households facing energy poverty to women and older generations whose needs are often overlooked. It introduces practical ways to measure these inequities, highlights examples from different countries, and shows how policies can be designed to protect vulnerable groups.

By linking social issues with energy policies, the book demonstrates how fairness can be built into decisions about energy access, costs, security, and innovation. It also offers insights into how governments and institutions can create more inclusive strategies for a low-carbon future.

Written for both experts and readers interested in the human side of the energy transition, this book provides a guide to making energy systems not only cleaner but also fairer and more socially sustainable.

This book explores the rise of transformative economies-innovative systems and practices that redefine how we think about value, growth, and equity. Moving beyond traditional profit-driven models, transformative economies prioritize social justice, environmental sustainability, and fair wealth distribution.

At their core, these economies seek to replace endless growth and resource exploitation with well-being, community resilience, and ecological harmony. Rooted in principles of solidarity, inclusivity, and circularity, they challenge the foundations of conventional capitalism and strive to empower marginalized communities.

Through real-world examples like cooperative ownership, regenerative agriculture, and fair trade, this book reveals a growing global movement committed to ethical and sustainable development-for the benefit of both people and the planet. It will appeal to scholars in regional and spatial science, urban and regional economics, and human geography.

This book breaks the trading journey into three clear stages: Preparation, Process, and Practice. Through this structure, the book helps readers develop a professional mindset, master a disciplined approach to identifying, executing, managing, and evaluating trades, and follow a structured path of deliberate practice to improve consistency and performance.

Learn to Trade Like a Professional matters now more than ever, with the rapid rise in amateur retail trading and a shortage of credible, experience-backed education. Unlike many titles in the space, this book is written by an author who has trained professional traders globally - both inside trading firms and as a lecturer at a leading UK university - blending real-world institutional insight with academic clarity to create a structured, accessible, and practical learning experience.

This book presents a comprehensive, step-by-step framework used by institutional traders, teaching not just what to trade but how to think, operate, and improve like a professional. It combines institutional insight with real-world coaching experience, presented in an accessible, grounded tone with practical tools, case studies, and exercises to reinforce learning. This book stands alone as a professional-level resource for serious retail traders, offering not just information but transformation.

This book explores deep learning as a next-generation approach to online payment fraud detection in the face of increasingly complex and adaptive threats. Traditional rule-based or shallow learning methods are no longer sufficient. Through ten focused chapters, this book tackles challenges such as behavioral modeling, spatiotemporal anomaly detection, class imbalance, behavior drift, and graph-based inference. It applies advanced neural architectures including LSTM, GRU, GANs, GNNs, and spatiotemporal transformers. With a problem-driven structure, each chapter links real-world fraud problems to tailored neural solutions, validated on large-scale transaction data. This book blends theory, practical design, and empirical rigor, offering researchers and practitioners a foundation for scalable, adaptive, and reliable fraud detection systems.

This book offers a clear, comparative perspective on how leading jurisdictions are responding to the rapid rise of financial technologies. Through jurisdiction-specific chapters, it highlights practical regulatory strategies, emerging legal trends, and the balance between innovation and financial stability across 11 key markets.

What sets this work apart is its focus on real-world applications and collaborative regulatory approaches, providing insights that are both globally informed and locally grounded. Covering developments in digital assets, cross-border payments, CBDCs, and data governance, the volume brings together perspectives from experts embedded in each legal system.

Written for policymakers, legal practitioners, scholars, and advanced students, the content is accessible yet analytically rigorous.

Key benefits include:

? A unique, side-by-side comparison of global FinTech regulatory ecosystems

? Forward-looking analysis that supports international dialogue and policy alignment

This book offers a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of equity markets in Canada and the United States with particular attention to the institutional and regulatory architectures that have shaped them. It begins by tracing the development and evolution of the U.S. exchanges and the emergence of securities regulation in the United States.

The book then studies the boom years of the 1950s and 1960s, which came with the growth of mutual funds and a growing role by other institutional investors including pension funds and insurance companies. The study then explores the U.S. government's pivotal role in fostering the growth of Nasdaq and the National Market System, which contrasted with Canada's weaker regulatory environment.

In addition , the book discusses how the failed merger between the Toronto Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange ultimately contributed to the consolidation of market power for the TMX Group-an entity that has achieved unrivalled dominance in Canadian security markets and operates under the effective control of most of the country's leading commercial banks. This work is of significant interest to scholars, students, investors, and policymakers concerned with financial history, capital market structure, regulatory change, and the history of North American stock markets.

Missed at Maastricht examines why the euro was born without the economic union that many believed was essential to sustain it.

The formation of the euro is often explained as either an accident of history or the grand vision of a few key leaders. Emmanuel Mourlon-Druol upends this account. Recovering the perspectives of overlooked officials and lesser-known committees, he shows that ambitious proposals for economic union-a planning bureau, an unemployment benefit, a deposit insurance scheme, a center for economic policy coordination, a borrowing capacity-were advanced from as early as 1957. The problem, ultimately, was not a lack of ideas; rather, it was a persistent refusal to centralize decision-making power in a supranational authority. Anything resembling a transfer of sovereignty to a European body was, for most policymakers, politically unthinkable-a "federal anathema."

Reframing the Economic and Monetary Union's lopsidedness not as a design failure of the early 1990s but as the culmination of decades of shelved ambitions, Missed at Maastricht offers essential context for understanding Europe's ongoing predicament.

This book offers a comprehensive and structured exploration of how financial systems are being reshaped to support the net-zero transition. It guides readers through the evolving architecture of standards, instruments, and market mechanisms that underpin climate-aligned capital flows. Using an accessible but conceptually rigorous approach, it distinguishes climate finance from green and sustainable finance and examines key tools such as corporate and sovereign green bonds, blue finance, and carbon markets.

What sets this volume apart is its integrative perspective: it combines theoretical clarity, policy analysis, and empirical depth to trace the journey of climate finance from conception to implementation. It also explores underexamined topics such as carbon as an anchor asset and the role of climate finance in global monetary dynamics, including RMB internationalization.

Designed for scholars, graduate students, policymakers, and financial professionals, this book provides clear conceptual frameworks and evidence-based insights. It is particularly valuable for readers interested in finance-driven climate transitions and the institutional design of net-zero finance.

Key features include:

1. Provides a comprehensive analysis of climate finance instruments and regulatory systems.

2. Offers a structured treatment bridging theory, policy, and market practice.

This book examines the potential for economic development and structural change in Africa through industrial policy. Combining a long-term historical analysis of structural transformation and development policy reviews, it offers a multidisciplinary examination of the catalysts and constraints impacting industrial development. By exploring the evolution and practice of industrial policy, the ongoing structural challenges, including a fragmented political economy, underinvestment, and limited productive capacities, are examined in relation to countries across Africa.

This book presents industrial transformation as the most effective way to leverage Africa's demographic advantages and drive sustainable economic development. It will be relevant to students, researchers, and policymakers interested in development economics, economic policy, the African political economy, and industrial development.

This book offers a comprehensive guide to the transformative power of green finance, circular economy principles, and digital technologies in driving sustainable urban development. Through global case studies and expert analysis, it explores how municipalities can leverage green bonds, how circular economy policies can be scaled, and how digital platforms-from AI to blockchain-can accelerate the shift to a greener, more resilient economy. Designed for policymakers, urban planners, investors, and sustainability professionals, the book offers actionable strategies and forward-looking roadmaps at the intersection of finance, technology, and environmental stewardship. Featuring a global cast of contributors from both academia and practice, it will be of particular interest to academics, investors, and policymakers engaged in green finance, sustainable development, and alternative financing.