経済学 — 全 下位分類

This edited book explores the evolving relationship between fintech, regulation, and sustainable development from a global perspective. It provides comparative analyses of regulatory approaches in the EU, Germany, Tuerkiye, and selected emerging markets, assessing how fintech innovations, such as digital payments, equity crowdfunding, and green finance-support financial inclusion and sustainability goals. Combining policy analysis with empirical insights, the volume serves as a practical guide for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to navigate the complex intersection of technological innovation and responsible regulation.

This book provides valuable insights into the ways in which economics and management science contribute to sustainable development, organizational innovation, and social well-being. Featuring peer-reviewed contributions presented at the World Conference on Economics and Management (WorldCEM 25) held in Aveiro, Portugal, this book showcases how advanced research methodologies, innovative models, and empirical studies can inform better decision-making across sectors and regions. Featuring interdisciplinary approaches and real-world applications to offer a bridge between theory and practice, this book provides academics, scholars, researchers, and professionals with advanced scholarship in economics and management while also inspiring future research in responsible leadership, evidence-based policymaking, and inclusive growth in a rapidly changing world.

This book offers an analysis of reward-based crowdfunding based on empirical case studies and gift exchange theory. Reward-based crowdfunding projects aim to produce products that, in addition to their consumer value, also have value in terms of promoting a good cause. Supporters of the projects receive non-financial rewards for their financial contributions. The main rewards are the products of the projects. The book shows that the key to understanding reward-based crowdfunding lies in a three-way relationship between consumption, connection to a cause of deeper meaning, and belonging to a community of like-minded people. The connection between purchase and donation, between consumption and commitment, is thus established by the fact that supporters act as consumers on the one hand, but on the other hand associate a deeper meaning with the object of consumption, which motivates them to engage more strongly with this object than with 'normal' products. The book is aimed at social, media and economic scientists who are interested in the phenomena of the sharing economy, crowdsourcing and crowdfunding.

This open access book from the Migration and Food Security (MiFOOD) Network addresses food security, health, and wellbeing among migrants and refugees who faced heightened vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a blend of survey data, personal narratives, and compelling images, it illustrates the consequences of the pandemic for migrants and refugees from Afghanistan, the DRC, Ghana, Somalia, Syria, Venezuela, and Zimbabwe, living in the destination countries of Canada, South Africa, Ecuador, and Qatar. The contributors focus on four themes: the food security and health implications of public health responses to COVID-19; the impact of these measures on marginalised refugees and migrants in urban settings; gender differences in accessing food and food-related programs; and key policy lessons for vulnerable populations in times of crisis. This book will be useful to academics, students, and stakeholders engaged with migrant and refugee communities, as well as policymakers seeking actionable insights. While focused on COVID-19, its insights are relevant for future public health emergencies.

This book explores the rapidly evolving Metaverse, where digital and physical realities merge to create immersive interactions and transactions. As virtual real estate and digital assets gain traction, investors increasingly view them as a new asset class, akin to traditional real estate or collectibles. Blockchain technology underpins this transformation, ensuring secure transactions through decentralized and transparent systems. Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) play a crucial role in establishing ownership, enabling value exchange, and preserving intellectual property within virtual economies.

The book presents the financial and legal dimensions of Metaverse investments, covering blockchain, Web3, cryptocurrencies, and NFTs. It examines how digital property markets operate, with investors purchasing, selling, and monetizing virtual land and assets in platforms like The Sandbox and Decentraland. Key factors such as virtual location, user traffic, and economic activity influence the valuation of these assets.

Beyond investment opportunities, the book highlights the broader economic impact of the Metaverse, including monetization avenues for creators, developers, and businesses. It explains how smart contracts and financial assurance mechanisms enhance trust and security in virtual transactions. Additionally, it addresses the evolving legal frameworks for digital intellectual property rights, ensuring regulatory clarity and integrity.

This book is essential for investors, legal scholars, financial analysts, policymakers, and tech enthusiasts looking to understand the intersection of digital assets, blockchain, and virtual economies. By providing a comprehensive analysis of Metaverse finance, it equips readers with the insights needed to navigate this transformative digital landscape.

This volume provides a comprehensive, interdisciplinary exploration of financial literacy, highlighting its pivotal role in addressing modern global challenges. By examining the intersection of financial literacy with sustainability, education, technological advancements-particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI)-entrepreneurship, and philanthropy, the book demonstrates how financial knowledge is essential for personal financial well-being and broader societal and environmental sustainability.

Featuring contributions by professionals and academics from a diverse selection of international institutes and organizations, the chapters focus on practical, often underexplored areas of financial literacy. These include the role of charitable organizations in fostering basic financial education, particularly in underserved communities, and how primitive or foundational financial literacy plays a critical role in poverty alleviation. The book also discusses specialized topics such as Islamic finance and behavioral finance, broadening the scope of financial literacy beyond traditional paradigms to include culturally diverse and ethically driven financial systems.

By addressing less frequently discussed topics alongside cutting-edge advancements in AI and finance, this work offers a holistic view of financial literacy as both a personal asset and a driver of positive societal transformation. As such, it is suitable for academics and professionals interested in financial literacy, fintech, ethics, and sustainability.

This book offers a comprehensive and accessible introduction to risk management in financial institutions, with a strong focus on contemporary challenges such as market volatility, liquidity pressures, and financial technology. By integrating traditional banking risks with emerging challenges, the book supports both students and professionals seeking accessible insights into banking risk, regulation, and modern financial practice.

The book begins by outlining the structure and functioning of financial markets and institutions, before moving into key areas of risk measurement, including interest rate, market, and liquidity risk. It then explores emerging themes such as fintech and operational risk. The later chapters focus on practical risk management tools, including capital adequacy, derivatives, securitisation, and prudential regulation across major economies.

This book examines ways in which political ideologies, legal frameworks, religious customs, and cultural institutions are employed by gendered power hierarchies to shape the daily lives of women and other marginalised groups in the Global South. It draws attention to the profoundly established, frequently unseen patriarchal structures that interact with caste, class, race, and religion. The book addresses the fundamental question: How do the political, religious, cultural, and legal systems of power interact to uphold or challenge gender inequality in the Global South? Drawing from critical political theory, cultural studies, and postcolonial feminism, the book is firmly rooted in the intersectionality theoretical framework. It explores the ways in which gendered power marginalises women and gender minorities while also facilitating acts of agency and resistance across a variety of geographical areas, most notably South Asia, Africa, and Oceania. The book is divided into four parts: Gendered Power and Political Participation; Cultural and Institutional Patriarchy; Resistance, Right-Wing Populism, and Gendered Narratives; and, Voice, Violence, and Visibility. Examples of case studies include the role of women in right-wing populist governments, the way gender is reinterpreted in Bhutanese and Dalit literature, the Loya Jirga and other traditional governing systems, and feminist interventions in law and diplomacy. The book argues that comprehending and altering gendered systems requires an intricate, intersectional lens. Scholars, students, and practitioners operating at the nexus of gender, politics, and postcolonial studies will benefit from this transdisciplinary resource.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of innovative sampling methods. Building on the foundations of general sampling theory, it offers a rigorous yet accessible framework for understanding and implementing modern sampling algorithms.

Sampling has undergone a profound transformation since the early 2000s. This new edition has been substantially expanded and offers a far more comprehensive treatment than the first, providing both broader scope and greater depth in modern sampling methodology. It places particular emphasis on state-of-the-art approaches, including systematic and quasi-systematic designs; maximum entropy sampling designs; balanced sampling and its variants; spatial and spread sampling that ensure geographic dispersion for autocorrelated variables; sample coordination for repeated surveys; and sampling from data streams for real-time signal analysis. Sampling enables big data reduction, illustrating how sampling theory can efficiently handle massive datasets.

Each method is presented in detail with an emphasis on practical implementation. Numerous techniques are illustrated using the R programming language, and fully functional code is provided to facilitate immediate application.

This book is intended for master's and doctoral students, as well as experienced statisticians and researchers who already have a good grasp of sampling theory and wish to enrich their toolbox with theory-based, ready-to-implement techniques.

This book examines the economic ideas of notable scientists and how they have contributed to the conception of science, technology, and innovation within the history of economic thought. It examines the economic ideas of notable scientists and evaluates their position within the history of economics. From Copernicus' interests in monetary theory and Galileo's pondering of the relationship between science and technology, to Einstein's analysis of the Great Depression and Marie Curie's innovations in the financing of research, a long history of the relationship between science, technology, and economics is presented.

This book offers unique insight into an overlooked contribution to economic thought. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in technological development and the history of economic thought.

This open access book provides theoretical, empirical and practical solutions to develop competencies needed for digital transformation and changes in work and life in African contexts. It promotes ecosystems in which educational institutions, companies and policymakers aim to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations. This book is based on the Finnish African Co-Innovation project DAIA (Digital Academies in Africa (2022-2025), where Finnish and African researchers and companies have worked together.

The book first analyses the scenarios presented in African future-related documents, before introducing solutions and new implementations to address the needs and demands identified. It presents a compilation of chapters that combine expertise from theoretical and empirical research in education, with case studies from specific industrial sectors in South Africa to map future learning ecosystems in Africa.

This open access book explores methods, approaches, techniques, values and ethical issues that create space for innovation in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) to meet contemporary needs at the regional, local, and global levels. By bringing together teaching, research and work experience from academia and the industry/private sectors, it provides a valuable resource for education providers, researchers, practitioners, teachers, school leaders, policymakers, industrial partners, and company leaders and trainers. This book also serves as a potential textbook in higher education and TVET.

This book presents a classical liberal perspective on the governance and economic implications of artificial intelligence. As generative AI transforms industries and institutions, this book reframes urgent debates on safety, regulation, labour, and autonomy through the lens of classical liberal economic and political philosophy.

Drawing on Austrian economics, liberal growth theory, and institutional economics, this book argues that classical liberalism and its philosophical framework has not only historically inspired the design of artificial intelligence but also remains a critical guide for its future development and application. From neural networks as emergent orders to AI agents as capital goods, the book explores how liberal principles can guide innovation, mitigate risk, and preserve individual rights. Chapters examine interpretability, the future of work, open-source commons, and the calculation debate, engaging with theorists such as Hayek, Kirzner, Simon, and Schumpeter. The book proposes polycentric governance models for AI safety and rights protection, emphasizing pluralism, contestability, and due process over precautionary control.

This book will be an essential resource for scholars in political economy, law and economics, technology policy, and digital governance. It will also appeal to a broader readership interested in academically rigorous, liberal approaches to the challenges and opportunities of the intelligence explosion.

This open-access guide offers a practical, step-by-step introduction to partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R and the SEMinR package. PLS-SEM is widely used for analyzing complex relationships between observed and latent variables, valued for its flexibility, predictive capabilities, and ability to handle complex models.

Now in its second edition, the book incorporates the latest research, enhanced model evaluation routines, and updated guidance on methodological choices and result interpretation. Each chapter combines a concise overview of key concepts, metrics, and rules of thumb with a detailed case study to support hands-on learning.

Designed for researchers and practitioners alike, this guide provides the essential tools and insights needed to apply PLS-SEM effectively using SEMinR.

This volume shows how modern econometric techniques, computational tools, and interdisciplinary approaches are reshaping the analysis of growth, financial markets, and microeconomic behavior in an increasingly complex global economy. Featuring select contributions presented at the 2025 International Conference on Applied Economics (ICOAE) held in Bratislava, Slovakia, this volume applies cutting-edge methodologies such as machine learning, genetic algorithms, wavelet transforms, ARIMA-GARCH modeling, and emerging uses of quantum computing to examine financial efficiency, cryptocurrency dynamics, sovereign debt restructuring, ESG risk, and corporate performance.

A central theme is sustainability and structural transformation in which links between economic growth, environmental degradation, green finance, circular-economy practices, and pathways to net-zero emissions are explored. The book also analyses how digitization, innovation, and R&D investment influence development across regions such as the EU, MENA Africa, and OECD economies.

Bridging methodological advancement with policy relevance, this volume serves researchers, policymakers, and advanced students seeking rigorous analysis to inform decisions in sustainable development, financial stability, and digital transformation.

This book offers contemporary insights into the intersection of sustainable development, leadership, innovation, and organizational performance in a global context. Featuring 30 selected papers presented at the 20th Academy of Global Business Advancement (AGBA) World Congress held in Bangkok, Thailand, this book brings together research from scholars across Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, India, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States addressing real-world challenges in public governance, green management, digital transformation, and global business. The work also highlights critical themes such as artificial intelligence in marketing and governance, internationalization of global firms, the post-pandemic effects on SMEs, and sustainable practices in hospitality and manufacturing. By offering comparative and cross-country perspectives, this book provides a comprehensive understanding of global trends shaping business and entrepreneurship in an increasingly interconnected and digitalized world. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and graduate students in the fields of business, economics, sustainability, innovation management, and public administration.

This book offers an accessible introduction to financial stability and macroprudential policy with a particular focus on Europe. Covering economic, institutional and regulatory aspects, it is an essential read for professionals and scholars alike.

The first part explores the macroprudential mandate, emphasising the importance of monitoring the entire financial system. The second part introduces the fundamentals of macroprudential supervision and addresses various risk types and their assessment. The third part examines macroprudential policy in detail, covering the key players, institutions and tools used to enhance financial stability.

Ideal for professionals working in supervisory authorities, commercial banks and central banks, as well as for students of economics and supervisory studies, this book provides a solid foundation for understanding financial system stability and macroprudential policy.

A detailed look at the financial interests impacting the energy transition

The twenty-first century has seen major transformations in the US electricity sector-but while the use of coal power wanes and the need for renewable energy becomes more urgent, financial actors maintain a complicating influence on the trajectory of energy transition. Brokers of Power identifies changing patterns of investment intertwined with the shift from state-regulated electricity monopolies to a market-driven price model and the embrace of wind and solar hookups to the grid.

Drawing from case studies such as catastrophic Winter Storm Uri that hit Texas in 2021 and in-depth interviews with people working in the electricity and financial sectors, Conor Harrison reveals how the various entanglements of private equity, investment banking, and financial modeling are shaping the future and raising the costs of this vital infrastructure. Today's financial firms, he shows, are engaged in the electricity industry beyond matters of investment: they own electricity generation infrastructure, trade electricity on markets, capture federal renewable energy tax credits, and advise on electricity firm operating strategy.

Looking beyond technology and policy, Harrison interrogates what it means to have powerful financial institutions as the primary agents of change in the fraught and ongoing energy transition. A timely and invaluable contribution to the fields of geography, environmental studies, and the energy social sciences, Brokers of Power is a cautionary account delving into the complexities surrounding the push for decarbonization.

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This open access edited volume offers a new global perspective on migration governance by rethinking the political economy of migration beyond Western-centric frameworks. Using the concept of assemblages of migration, the book conceptualises migration governance as historically layered, polycentric, infrastructural, stratified, embodied, and co-produced through formal institutions and everyday practices. The book offers critical insights into migration in non-Western regions and advances a more comprehensive, globally inclusive migration studies agenda. Through empirically rich case studies spanning Asia, Africa, Eurasia, and Europe, contributors examine colonial legacies, regional mobility regimes, diaspora governance, gendered migration, family migration, and migrants' everyday legal navigation. By bringing together perspectives from international political economy, political science, socio-legal studies, anthropology, history, and migration studies, the volume advances a genuinely multidisciplinary and global approach to migration governance. It is essential reading for scholars, students, and policymakers interested in comparative migration studies, global political economy, and the governance of mobility in non-Western contexts.

This book looks at the multiple ways in which climate change contributes negative impacts on the healthcare sector globally, posing a number of challenges to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In taking an integrative approach to the SDGs and their implementation in Asian healthcare, the book highlights the health consequences of biodiversity loss in the healthcare sector. The authors unpack how rising temperatures, extreme weather conditions, and altering rainfall patterns intensify current health-related threats that slowing progress towards SDG 3, focused on health and well-being. They delve into how disadvantaged, underserved, and marginalized populations, including the elderly, children, and low-income communities, face health risks, highlighting the need for inclusive strategies to achieve gender equality (SDG 5) and reduced inequalities (SDG 10) to promote equality movement and health equity. The book draws attention to how effective implementation and mitigation of climate change risk strategy are essential, including reducing economic inequalities (SDG 8) in rural and/or underdeveloped areas that caused the unequal distribution of healthcare resources and accelerating industry innovation (SDG 9) to strengthen healthcare infrastructure, resilient healthcare systems, and digital healthcare, thus establishing more sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11). Human health and wellness are intricately depending on biodiversity (SDG 14 and SDG 15) to provide well-functioning ecosystems, stabilize the climate, and limit diseases. The volume shows that integrating climate resilience into health policies, corporate strategy, and education planning, is essential for advancing the SDGs and safeguarding public health. Relevant to researchers and policymakers in public health, climate change, and the SDGs, this is a timely contribution to discussions on the challenges facing the SDGs implementation in Asia.

European Union policy on rural development and EU research programmes aim to help rural areas of the EU meet the wide range of economic, environmental and social challenges of the 21st Century. However, the challenges facing rural areas of Europe, and their people, remain significant and highly affected by the crises of our current era. This contributed volume comprises 12 research studies, exploring the intersection of research, policy and innovation strategy across the diverse rural regions of the Europe Union.

Conducted in different countries, these studies point to the challenges that lie at the heart of strategic planning in public policy. The book ultimately supports an EU vision for future rural development, digitalisation, sustainability planning and innovation strategy. It is not only a source of data on the problems faced by local communities in different European countries, but offers suggestions for practical use of bottom-up and multiactor perspective for policy-making, business development and community engagement at local, regional and national level. It will be of great interest to scholars and students of rural development, innovation strategy, the agricultural sector and EU policy.

This second part of a two-volume work offers a comprehensive exploration of China's ambitious "Made in China 2025" initiative and its broader geopolitical implications. By examining China's strategic shift from a low-cost manufacturing hub to a high-tech powerhouse, chapters provide a critical assessment of the initiative's progress and its impact on global economic dynamics.

In this volume, authors explore the idea that through the MIC 2025 initiative, China seeks not only to reduce structural dependencies on advanced economies but also to redefine the institutional logic governing.

Through expert contributions, readers will gain insights into the challenges and opportunities presented by China's industrial strategies, including the semiconductor "chips war" and the new global bipolarity centered around technology and innovation.

This volume is essential for scholars and practitioners in international political economy, Chinese studies, and global economic governance. It offers a nuanced understanding of China's evolving role on the global stage, making it a valuable resource for graduate-level courses and research institutions focused on contemporary China. With its interdisciplinary approach, the book provides a holistic view of China's rise and its implications for the future of global economic and strategic competition.

This book provides a groundbreaking analysis of China's industrial reconfiguration through an innovative triple-network lens, uniquely focusing on the pivotal era of the "15th Five-Year Plan". It offers the first dedicated, in-depth examination leveraging a novel integrated framework analyzing firm spatial distribution, supply chain dynamics, and innovation networks within two critical pillars: Industrial Software as the digital backbone and the emerging, complex Low-Altitude Economy. Revealing the intricate interplay between location, production flows, and knowledge creation in these foundational and emerging sectors, it delivers specialized insights essential for scholars and policymakers in industrial economics, innovation, regional planning, and China studies. Key benefits include uncovering future trends critical to the 15th FYP, identifying optimization pathways for supply chain resilience and spatial efficiency, and providing concrete guidance for navigating China's strategic manufacturing upgrade during this decisive period - essential reading for understanding and shaping the next phase of industrial prowess.

The book focuses on the "uncertainty" the world is facing which leads to numerous challenges to global economy. As the global economy grapples with the complexities of the "risk triangle" and microeconomic entities experience significant "oxygen depletion", the challenge of managing uncertainty, moving beyond zero-sum paradigms, and stabilizing the development of expectations has emerged as a critical mission for all countries, including major economies such as China, the United States, Europe, and Japan. The author tries to reveal the key fact behind the economic development in respond to recession economics, that is the economic growth in long term relies on endogenous tecnological advancements and continuous improvements in human capital. It aims to equip readers with the knowledge to find "certainty" in an "uncertain world".

In 1865 the Cairo Water Company secured a ninety-nine-year concession granting it exclusive control over the water supply in the Egyptian capital. What followed was a profound remaking of the city and everyday life. Historically, water had been drawn from the Nile and delivered to public facilities by manual labor. By the early twentieth century, however, mechanized pumping, underground pipes, and in-home fixtures were rapidly becoming the new norm. Pipe Economics tells the story of modern Cairo through the hidden infrastructure that made this transformation possible.

Drawing on extensive research in Egyptian and British archives, Shehab Ismail uncovers how water and sewage networks reshaped Cairo - its housing and construction patterns, urban planning practices, public health regimes, urban services and their underlying economies, and even national politics. As the old collectively managed water system gave way to private companies and expanding state bureaucracy, faucets, drains, and flushing toilets became defining features of the Egyptian home, altering how people lived, consumed, and understood what it meant to be modern. By following the engineers who designed, built, and managed water infrastructures, this book positions Cairo as a vivid example for exploring a global shift in water management, from a regime rooted in public, communal institutions to one centered on individualized, domestic use.