経済学 — 全 下位分類

Classical extreme value theory is the only mathematically justified framework for extrapolating into unobserved tail regions, but its standard tools were not designed for the high-dimensional, nonstationary, and causally interconnected systems that define modern risk. This book develops the necessary extensions, integrating foundational EVT with Bayesian nonparametrics, information theory, machine learning, and quantum probability across thirteen chapters in four parts.

The first part develops GEV and GPD foundations with complete measure-theoretic proofs. It extends max-stability to high dimensions using angular measure decompositions that scale to hundreds of risk factors. The second part covers nonparametric tail estimation with boundary bias correction, Bayesian Extreme Learning with entropy-regularized posteriors, Dirichlet process mixtures for heavy-tailed data, and the Extreme Value Information Criterion for tail-focused model selection. The third part introduces dynamic GEV state-space models with particle filtering for nonstationary extremes, threshold-weighted scoring rules for forecast evaluation and combination, Pareto-EVaR as a coherent risk measure that unifies GPD calibration with exponential moment constraints, and portfolio optimization under extremal transfer entropy constraints. The fourth part formalizes causal inference under regularly varying noise, develops tail-adaptive machine learning for extreme quantile estimation, and applies quantum density matrices and quantum copulas to systemic risk detection.

All theoretical results include complete proofs. Methods are implemented in R and Python with reproducible code tested on financial returns, temperature records, flood data, and cryptocurrency markets. The book serves researchers, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates in econometrics, finance, environmental science, and risk management.

Focusing on Milan, Barcelona, and the Ruhr area, this book reveals how three leading European city-regions are reshaping the relationship between planning, agriculture, and sustainability. Bringing together fieldwork, interviews, and comparative analysis, it highlights the often-overlooked power of peri-urban agriculture and the complex dynamics that underpin truly local food systems. Farmland preservation emerges as only one piece of a much larger puzzle-one that spans governance, policy design, farm business models, land tenure, biodiversity, and resource management.

Through vivid case studies, the book uncovers the tools, strategies, and actors driving innovation on the ground, as well as the structural obstacles that still stand in the way. The result is a compelling call for a more integrated, multi-scalar approach to planning-one capable of supporting resilient local food systems and sustainable peri-urban landscapes.

This book argues for a reassessment of the way a nation's wealth is measured that goes beyond the simple measurement of GDP to include on all capital - produced, human, natural and social - that contribute to human well-being and national wealth in the broadest sense.

By including natural resources, ecosystems and biodiversity in the measurement of national wealth, inclusive wealth ensures that economic development is sustainable and safeguards future prosperity.

The Inclusive Wealth of Nations provides an overview of how economists have viewed economic growth from Adam Smith's early insights to the present. It carefully explains how economists responded to increased critiques of economic growth - the Limits to Growth - in the 1970s and how this laid the foundation for how economists think about sustainable development today. It analyses why economists argue that inclusive wealth should be the measurement used, and also critically evaluates practical applications of this approach.

Written in a lively and accessible way, it helps the reader understand how inclusive wealth provides a way of balancing short-term economic gains with long-term sustainability.

This book proposes a new perspective on mapping and measuring urban live music ecologies. Music makes a significant economic and cultural contribution to cities, and each local context produces a complex live music ecosystem composed of musical and non-musical actors, infrastructures and regulatory frameworks. This complexity presents a challenge for policymakers and businesses seeking to make informed strategic decisions. To address this challenge, the volume explores two core themes: firstly, the valuation and measurement of live music ecologies by recognising the interdependencies between venues, stakeholders, infrastructures and policy environments. Secondly, it considers mapping as an analytical tool for identifying spatial patterns, relationships and inequalities within live music ecosystems. Together, these approaches help address key policy questions and offer evidence-based insights to support more informed decisionmaking for live music industries and communities in urban environments.

Economic competition between the United States and China has been a defining issue of the twenty-first century. But after years of rapid growth, China's economy has faltered. How did its long-term economic outlook change so quickly? And can Beijing change course and preserve China's political ambition for global economic primacy?

In Broken China, Logan Wright offers an unflinching account of how China's economy hit the wall. Drawing on extensive experience analyzing the Chinese financial sector on the ground, he argues that China's economic slowdown is rooted in its financial system, and an unprecedented credit expansion finally coming to an end. Opposing the prevailing myth that its leaders think and plan many years ahead, this book posits that there was no long-term plan that included the credit boom and bust that now constrains Beijing's options. Rather than crisis or collapse, Wright argues, China is suffering from a decay of its economic policy tools. As its domestic and foreign sectors face increasing pressure, the last thing Beijing needs is global pushback against Chinese exports. With no clear path to recovery, China's economy is broken, the consequences of which will reverberate around the world.

On March 17, 2015, tens of thousands of Mexican farmworkers went on strike in San Quintin, Baja California, to protest horrible working conditions on the farms that produce most of the fresh fruits and vegetables you consume. Calling themselves the "slaves of the twenty-first century," these mostly Indigenous men, women, and children rose up in defiance of the conditions of modern slavery, forced labor, sexual harassment, and "hunger wages." This ethnography provides an in-depth look into how Indigenous farmworkers organize in the fields and their communities to improve wages and working conditions.

Since the strike, the farmworkers have organized a union to fight for justice in the fields. In this work, author James Daria accompanies these farmworkers as they struggle for dignity. Daria also charts the tensions inside the farmworker movement as women struggle to gain greater power in the home as well as at work. In an era of complex global integration, Daria shows us how what we eat is tied to the suffering of those who produce our food.

This book highlights and centers the Indigenous workers who struggle for justice in a global food system that connects us all.

Capitalism, Socialism, and Political Economy is a three-volume examination of the ideological, historical, and economic forces shaping global politics in the early twenty-first century. Throughout the volumes, Kui-Wai Li argues that many political dynamics commonly associated with the alt-right have roots in the geopolitical and institutional arrangements formed at the end of World War II. Integrating political trends into economic analysis, these books provide an analytical framework for understanding how competing ideological systems continue to influence global development, institutional behavior, and public sentiment.

Volume I lays the conceptual groundwork by clarifying the distinctions between capitalism and socialism/communism, with particular attention to the historical contexts that shaped these ideologies after 1945. It explores their respective strengths, weaknesses, and core principles while emphasizing the need to differentiate "difference" from "inequality" and to draw clear boundaries between economic and political claims.

Building on this foundation, Volume II applies the framework to contemporary global issues across advanced economies, socialist states, emerging economies, Middle Eastern regions, and newer blocs such as BRICS. Through these cases, the volume analyzes phenomena including Brexit, Trumponomics, cancel culture, and the strategic development models adopted by authoritarian or socialist governments.

Volume III extends the analysis to the politics of fear and sympathy-two themes the author identifies as shaping current debates around climate change, COVID-19, welfare systems, and unauthorized immigration. It further examines how concepts such as freedom, choice, privacy, trade, and investment function within different political-economic systems, including the growing influence of AI on perceptions of autonomy and national strategy. The concluding chapters synthesize insights across the series, offering a comprehensive account of how ideological tensions and institutional constraints continue to structure global political economy.

Capitalism, Socialism, and Political Economy is a three-volume examination of the ideological, historical, and economic forces shaping global politics in the early twenty-first century. Throughout the volumes, Kui-Wai Li argues that many political dynamics commonly associated with the alt-right have roots in the geopolitical and institutional arrangements formed at the end of World War II. Integrating political trends into economic analysis, these books provide an analytical framework for understanding how competing ideological systems continue to influence global development, institutional behavior, and public sentiment.

Volume I lays the conceptual groundwork by clarifying the distinctions between capitalism and socialism/communism, with particular attention to the historical contexts that shaped these ideologies after 1945. It explores their respective strengths, weaknesses, and core principles while emphasizing the need to differentiate "difference" from "inequality" and to draw clear boundaries between economic and political claims.

Building on this foundation, Volume II applies the framework to contemporary global issues across advanced economies, socialist states, emerging economies, Middle Eastern regions, and newer blocs such as BRICS. Through these cases, the volume analyzes phenomena including Brexit, Trumponomics, cancel culture, and the strategic development models adopted by authoritarian or socialist governments.

Volume III extends the analysis to the politics of fear and sympathy-two themes the author identifies as shaping current debates around climate change, COVID-19, welfare systems, and unauthorized immigration. It further examines how concepts such as freedom, choice, privacy, trade, and investment function within different political-economic systems, including the growing influence of AI on perceptions of autonomy and national strategy. The concluding chapters synthesize insights across the series, offering a comprehensive account of how ideological tensions and institutional constraints continue to structure global political economy.

In an era of growing trade fragmentation, this book offers fresh insights into the evolving dynamics of global commerce and the strategic dependencies that emerge. It examines how shocks and structural shifts are reconfiguring Global Value Chains (GVCs) through nearshoring and farsharing, and how firms can leverage internationalization to strengthen EU competitiveness.

The contributions also explore EU's crisis-driven trade diplomacy across North America, Latin America, and Africa, highlighting the role of trade agreements in enabling-or constraining-these transformations. Finally, the book addresses the twin green and digital transitions and their profound implications for firm competitiveness and strategic autonomy.

Drawing on diverse perspectives, the chapters stem from an ongoing research initiative by Luiss University in collaboration with the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. Together, they trace a clear trajectory: from the fragmentation of global trade to the policy responses and technological shifts shaping the future of business. Collectively, these themes define the pillars of Europe's competitiveness in an age of turbulence.

This book provides unique insight into the economics of migrant integration and the role played by institutions in this process. With a focus on informal institutions, integration is reframed as a complex interplay between migrant characteristics, host society institutions, and the cultural distances that separate them. An institutional economics perspective is offered to highlight the importance of cultural distance on integration outcomes and show how policy interventions can address integration challenges. Broader issues, such as generational change, gender, socio-economic class, and economic decision-making, are also covered.

This book presents a new framework for understanding the economics of migrant integration that acknowledges the complex and multifaceted nature of this process. It will be relevant to students, researchers, and policymakers interested in the economics of migration, institutional economics, and economic integration.

The mixed economies of advanced democracies have undergone a substantial transformation since the 1980s, resulting in a large reduction of government intervention. This book is the first to comprehensively analyze this development.

Comparing five policy instruments - corporate taxation, total public expenditure, product market regulation, industrial subsidies, state-ownership of enterprises, and an aggregate index - in 21 countries, the book examines how far the liberalization of mixed economies in established democracies has gone, and what caused it. It finds that globalization and the diffusion of policies were most relevant for the transformation of economic intervention, whilst European integration and socio-economic changes played less important roles. Despite the overall trend toward liberalization, domestic politics in the form of partisan control of the government also remains important.

The book is of interest to scholars and students of comparative and international political economy, comparative public policy, and comparative politics, as well as economists and journalists who want to better understand the politics of economic liberalization over the last four decades.

Philosophy and Finance is a timely and deeply personal exploration of two worlds too often kept apart. Drawing on the author's journey from global capital markets to ancient philosophy, this book bridges ethics and economics, inner life and institutional systems. From Aristotle and the Stoics to modern impact investing and sustainable finance, it argues that capital is never neutral-it reflects the values of those who allocate it.

True transformation, the author contends, begins within but must extend outward into the companies, markets, and economies we shape. Blending intellectual rigor with lived experience, this is not a technical manual but a reflective guide for professionals, investors, entrepreneurs, and changemakers seeking to align capital with conscience. In an age of acceleration and uncertainty, it offers a powerful reminder: finance guided by wisdom can become a force for human flourishing.

This book provides insight into non-conventional strategies adopted by nations across the globe for economic, political, policy, and institutional cooperation, with railways emerging as one of the non-conventional approaches. It explores how railways contribute not only to the development of the domestic economy but also shape international diplomacy between nations. The key theme that the book brings to the table is the interplay between railways and diplomacy with the support of governments and institutions, which will shed light on the influence of infrastructure on promoting

political cooperation through global connectivity programs. The book also offers in-depth insight into the railway systems of major international powers and their role in enhancing international trade, economic growth and regional cooperation. It explores emerging approaches that integrate modern technology and policy innovations into traditional railway frameworks, making them relevant to the dynamic global challenges. The book is intended for students, faculty, policymakers, researchers, and think tanks engaging in international relations, political economy, transport policy and planning. The book interests those interested in understanding the role of infrastructure in promoting global cooperation. Through its multidisciplinary approach, the book will provide a fresh perspective for further academic research and practical solutions for policymakers, making it an essential read for those shaping the future of global transport and connectivity.

This edited collection commemorates and builds upon the work of prominent Greek scholar in econometrics, Professor Efthymios (Mike) Tsionas. Including previously published work by Professor Tsionas, as well as original research from scholars in his related fields, this book makes a significant contribution to applied econometrics.

Within a single volume, readers will have the opportunity to explore the impactful contributions made by Mike Tsionas throughout his academic career. Chapters cover four key sections, including recent econometric method developments, Bayesian methods, stochastic frontier analysis and inefficiency, and macroeconomic applications. The book features contributions from globally recognized scholars in econometrics, with significant policy relevance. This will be a valuable resource for students and researchers of econometrics, specifically working on topics including Bayesian inference, productivity and inefficiency, macro-finance and banking.

This book explores the economics of renewable energy, climate change adaptation, and environmental sustainability. It examines the current energy crisis and the need to transform energy systems towards renewables to combat resource depletion and energy insecurity. The economic strategies that accelerate new energy technology adoption, such as carbon pricing models and green investment policies, are outlined to demonstrate how clear regulation enables sustainable development. Case studies from different industries are covered to highlight how sustainability differs from sector to sector and how the low-carbon economy can be achieved.

This book presents a practical policy framework for the green energy transition. It will be relevant to students, researchers, and policymakers interested in environmental economics and economic policy.

The book offers an overview of the main financial and operational risks in cryptocurrency markets and Decentralized Finance. It outlines the role of stablecoins, crypto-investment products, and multi-function ecosystems, highlighting vulnerabilities linked to reserves, leverage, and protocol interdependencies. The book distinguishes traditional risks from those rooted in smart-contract logic, oracle manipulation, governance failures, and cross-chain bridges. An empirical section analyzes attack frequency, stolen amounts, and evolving exploit techniques, showing a shift toward complex schemes using flash loans and oracle distortions. The book also examines mixers and presents the Ronin case. The final chapters discuss technical and governance measures to mitigate risks and provide regulatory recommendations.

This authored volume rethinks how injustice is understood in political theory. Rather than seeing it as a departure from justice, the book argues that injustice is structural, constitutive, and foundational to modern liberal orders. Drawing on liberal political thought, anti-caste critique, Black radical traditions, feminist philosophy, and decolonial perspectives, it examines key liberal assumptions of neutrality, consensus, abstraction, and institutional design.

Each chapter treats epistemic, historical, affective, and material silences as central to political analysis. Instead of repairing liberalism, the book seeks to unlearn its closures and open space for grounded and plural ways of imagining politics. It treats listening, refusal, testimony, memory, and affect as theoretical contributions in their own right.

It brings together critical genealogy, affect theory, subaltern studies, and epistemic refusal. It engages with thinkers such as B. R. Ambedkar, Audre Lorde, Iris Marion Young, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, and Leanne Simpson, and places Global South thought in conversation with Western traditions while maintaining difference. Across eight chapters, the book develops a political theory attentive to history, structural harm, and lived experience.

It provides a critique of liberalism's conceptual limits and offers an alternative approach that emphasizes listening, witnessing, and world-making. It will be of interest to scholars and students in political theory, postcolonial studies, gender studies, and social justice.

This book discusses the origins and evolution of the U.S. Numbered Highway System. In 1926, a nationwide automobile highway network was created for the United States. For the first time, a set of numbered roads would span the country, ensuring that any driver could find their way beyond their own town or county by following a number. This U.S. Numbered Highway System, of which the former U.S. 66 (the 'Route 66' of song and television fame) is the best known, included a geographic logic behind its route numbering system that has become embedded in countless other networks. A hundred years after its creation, this book investigates the geographical origins of the U.S. Numbered Highway System, how it evolved within a rapidly changing country, and the ways in which it helped shape the changing geography of the United States.

This is the first book to resolve the profound paradox between Schumpeterian innovation and ecological limits by proposing a complete, synthetic economic framework. It moves beyond the established debate between green growth and degrowth by introducing Post-Schumpeterian Economics (PSE), a novel approach designed to strategically re-direct the engine of creative destruction toward achieving long-term sustainability. The research and its outcomes presented here offer a unique integration of the dynamism of Schumpeter with the ecological foundations of Georgescu-Roegen, providing a new lens for understanding twenty-first-century challenges.

A major objective of this monograph is to validate this theoretical framework with rigorous, large-scale empirical analysis. The book presents an unprecedented data-driven typology of the diverse transition pathways being pursued across the G-20, G-7, and BRICS nations. Drawing on a comprehensive dataset and employing extensive cluster analysis, it reveals that there is no singular global transformation, but rather multiple, distinct archetypes. This comparative analysis-contrasting the innovation-led, high-risk approaches of the United States and China with the more balanced, policy-driven strategies in Europe-provides an invaluable map of the current geopolitical landscape of decarbonization.

By bridging this new theoretical model with robust empirical evidence, this work provides scholars, students, and policymakers with an actionable perspective on one of the most urgent and complex challenges of our time. It identifies strategic levers for transformation, including market-based mechanisms and state-led technology policies, offering a powerful tool for designing effective pathways to a sustainable future.

This book is a compilation of the best papers presented at the 2025 edition of the Asia-Pacific Conference on Economics & Finance (APEF), which is held annually in Singapore. It presents the latest research findings in economics and finance and discusses relevant issues in today's world. The book is a useful resource for readers who want access to economics, finance and business research that focuses on the Asia-Pacific region.

Capitalism, Socialism, and Political Economy is a three-volume examination of the ideological, historical, and economic forces shaping global politics in the early twenty-first century. Throughout the volumes, Kui-Wai Li argues that many political dynamics commonly associated with the alt-right have roots in the geopolitical and institutional arrangements formed at the end of World War II. Integrating political trends into economic analysis, these books provide an analytical framework for understanding how competing ideological systems continue to influence global development, institutional behavior, and public sentiment.

Volume I lays the conceptual groundwork by clarifying the distinctions between capitalism and socialism/communism, with particular attention to the historical contexts that shaped these ideologies after 1945. It explores their respective strengths, weaknesses, and core principles while emphasizing the need to differentiate "difference" from "inequality" and to draw clear boundaries between economic and political claims.

Building on this foundation, Volume II applies the framework to contemporary global issues across advanced economies, socialist states, emerging economies, Middle Eastern regions, and newer blocs such as BRICS. Through these cases, the volume analyzes phenomena including Brexit, Trumponomics, cancel culture, and the strategic development models adopted by authoritarian or socialist governments.

Volume III extends the analysis to the politics of fear and sympathy-two themes the author identifies as shaping current debates around climate change, COVID-19, welfare systems, and unauthorized immigration. It further examines how concepts such as freedom, choice, privacy, trade, and investment function within different political-economic systems, including the growing influence of AI on perceptions of autonomy and national strategy. The concluding chapters synthesize insights across the series, offering a comprehensive account of how ideological tensions and institutional constraints continue to structure global political economy.