社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

This open access volume connects the moral arguments for universal basic income (UBI) with the empirical evidence from recent experiments focused on UBI. Examining the costs and benefits associated with UBI, the book bridges the gap between the moral arguments for UBI and the empirical evidence from international UBI experiments. The resulting text will help readers evaluate the viability of UBI as a sustainable policy solution.

With contributions from economists, philosophers, sociologists, and more, the book highlights different models for UBI and examines the trade-offs involved. Chapters investigate the long-term impacts of UBI on labor markets, social cohesion, and institutional trust. By integrating empirical evidence with ongoing moral debates, the book analyzes the potential of UBI.

The volume includes detailed studies of UBI experiments conducted in the US, Europe, and other regions. Contributors analyze the wide range of outcomes, such as changes in work hours, educational achievements, caregiving activities, stress levels, hospitalization rates, food security, crime rates, and adolescent behavior. Chapters explore the ecological impacts of UBI, considering how it might affect consumption patterns and contribute to a just ecological transition. This multidisciplinary approach provides a balanced examination of UBI from multiple perspectives.

Determining the Value of Universal Basic Income provides insights into the financial costs and benefits of UBI, its effects on various social indicators, and its potential to foster a more equitable society. Readers will gain a deep understanding of the economic, social, and ecological implications surrounding UBI.

The book sheds light on the relationship between human rights and comparative education research, particularly in the context of reproductive healthcare, democracy, and equality. It focuses on the interpretation of human rights and reproductive healthcare globally.

Human rights education is not only about principles and goals. It is also a dialogue about tools and methodologies that can be used to deliver quality and value-added education, which reflects the values of social justice and human rights. It raises strategic questions about where to prioritize efforts: whether we should concentrate on human rights education and reproductive healthcare for legal professionals in developing countries, or perhaps, prioritise community learning or focus on primary school children instead? It also emphasizes the need for effective pedagogy and curriculum design tailored for these diverse contexts.

This book analyses education and policy issues affecting human rights and reproductive healthcare globally. It provides innovative ideas concerning the future directions for teaching human rights, and promotes more engaging and more meaningful knowledge of human rights values and reproductive healthcare globally.

This book presents a rigorous academic investigation into the digital transformation of public hospitals in China, drawing upon four in-depth case studies from leading tertiary hospitals in Shanghai-Ruijin Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Huashan Hospital, and the Sixth People's Hospital. The cases, selected into the five major international business case repositories (ChinaCases.Org, Harvard Business School, Ivey, European, and Japanese Business Case Centers), provide rare empirical evidence and analytical frameworks for understanding the strategic, technological, and organizational dimensions of digital transformation in large-scale public healthcare institutions. Notably, three academicians also contributed directly to the writing of this volume, further enhancing its scholarly depth and practical relevance.

Beyond descriptive accounts, the book critically examines the design and deployment of digital platforms, AI-powered diagnostic systems, clinical data integration architectures, and governance models for patient-centric services. Contributions from renowned academicians, experts, and senior hospital administrators complement the case studies with theoretical perspectives and policy-relevant insights into digital infrastructure development, talent-system alignment, and the evolving role of public hospitals in the smart healthcare ecosystem.

Positioned at the intersection of health economics, hospital management, and digital strategy, this book offers high scholarly value to researchers, graduate students (MBA, MHA, EMBA), healthcare policymakers, and practitioners. It serves as both a research-based reference and a pedagogical resource for advancing the theory and practice of healthcare digitalization in emerging economies.

As the need for long-term care expands, evaluating the roles of its primary providers-the state, the market, and the family-becomes increasingly essential. This book first examines recent research on the contributions of families and the marketplace to long-term care. Noting the decreasing involvement of families and the limitations of market-based solutions, it then shifts focus to studies that explore public policy development aimed at supporting elderly individuals without family assistance or adequate resources. These policies aim to create a comprehensive support system by utilizing both market mechanisms and family resources to meet the needs of the dependent elderly.

The book also provides a comparative analysis of how various countries, especially in Europe and North America, address disability and dependence in their long-term care systems, offering insights into diverse strategies and solutions. This cross-country perspective identifies effective practices and highlights areas requiring further development in social insurance and support frameworks. Through this exploration, the book seeks to deepen understanding of the influence of social norms and family solidarity on long-term care provision, emphasizing how these elements can be integrated into more resilient public policy structures.

This book confronts one of the defining challenges of super-aged societies: the surging number of older adults living alone in Japan, the global leader in population aging. It delivers a rigorous, data-driven exploration of why solitary senior living is accelerating, how social isolation takes root, and what actionable policies can foster inclusion. Blending sociology, gerontology, ethics, and comparative policy analysis, it unpacks the intertwined forces fueling Japan's loneliness crisis-demographic shifts, eroding traditional family structures, evolving cultural values, economic strain, and the psychology of active and passive isolation. Using large-scale quantitative data, logistic regression, and grounded-theory interviews, the study reveals how loneliness, financial stress, and declining health create a vicious cycle that undermines senior well-being. Beyond diagnosis, it evaluates Japan's long-term care systems and anti-isolation policies, pinpointing successes and critical gaps. A pivotal comparison with China illuminates why some policy strategies transfer seamlessly while others falter without cultural and ethical adaptation. For researchers, policymakers, social welfare practitioners, and anyone invested in the future of aging societies, this book offers a comprehensive framework, cross-national lessons, and actionable recommendations to reframe aging as an ethical imperative-one that prioritizes dignity, autonomy, and inclusion for all solitary seniors.

Product liability cases aimed at opioids have featured inflated damages and abatement costs, and responsibility for those costs has fallen on recognizable targets rather than true causal factors. Most opioid cases have ended in settlements, but such endings offer little in the way of closure to a problem that overwhelmed regulators and befuddled the entire medical profession. Courts were left to pick up the pieces, but the tools and data they were provided were woefully incomplete, with claimants incurring opioid-related costs but overstating future needs, and defendants unsure how to assess the impact of harms that they argued were too distant from their products-products that were used properly by the vast majority of users. This book synthesizes the information available following these court cases and breaks down the story of the opioid crisis from an economic perspective, rooted in the concepts of externalities, regulation, and organizational economics. Chapters analyze what happened, where things went wrong, and how we can work to reconfigure infrastructure that enabled the opioid crisis.

Applying logical frameworks to often-reactionary systems, the book provides insight into product liability, epidemiology, the economics of externalities, regulatory failure, and alternative forms of governance. The resulting book helps readers confront the hardest-hitting questions, including: How could a crisis like this occur in one of the most regulated sectors of the economy? Will the lessons learned from the litigation prevent a situation like this from happening again?

This book offers a timely and interdisciplinary exploration of disability inclusion through the lens of Islamic education. Drawing on core Islamic values such as rahmah (compassion), ?adl (justice), and karamah (dignity), it presents a faith-informed framework for inclusive pedagogy in Muslim-majority contexts. The authors integrate theological insights from the Qur?an, ?adith, and maqa?id al-Shari?ah with contemporary educational practices, highlighting how religious ethics can inform systemic change in schools, mosques, and communities.

Structured around six thematic chapters, the book addresses stigma and attitudinal barriers, curriculum adaptation, assistive technology, Universal Design for Learning (UDL), and spiritual development of learners with disabilities. Case studies from Indonesia and other Muslim contexts provide practical illustrations of inclusive strategies in Islamic Religious Education (PAI).

This book contributes to the growing literature on culturally responsive education by bridging disability studies with Islamic pedagogy. It will be of interest to scholars in education, religious studies, and disability inclusion, as well as policymakers and practitioners seeking contextually grounded models for reform. By offering actionable insights and ethical foundations, the book supports efforts to create equitable learning environments that honor both faith and diversity.

This book examines which factors promote or hinder older people's access to social care in different Asian development contexts. It introduces a new theoretical framework which is applied to high-income (Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea) and middle-income (People's Republic of China, Indonesia and Thailand) Asian countries and administrative zones.

It takes the reader on a journey from middle-income countries like Indonesia, where access relies heavily on informal care from relatives and the neighbourhood, to high-income countries like South Korea or Singapore. In the latter, older people have access to a wider range of services yet may fail to gain access because of care worker shortages, institutional barriers (e.g. eligibility criteria), or the commercialisation of care.

Seven empirical chapters each identify distinct factors promoting or impeding access and discuss what this means for meeting care needs in practice. In the conclusion, these findings identify how situations differ depending on whether a country is "developed" or "developing," and discuss potential Asia-specific characteristics to accessing social care. Additionally, the strengths and limitations of the new theoretical framework are discussed with reference to existing theories of "access to care", welfare state development and care regimes. Overall, this book provides a comprehensive and systematic comparison of older people's access to social care in selected East and Southeast Asian countries and zones.

This book aims to scrutinize the wellbeing of hard-to-reach communities from social work perspectives. This book is the collection of writings of different scholars from Asian and South Asian countries. This edited book is exclusively focused on core interventions of social work useful to empower and making resilient hard-to-reach communities including the coastal and wetland community, the tea garden community, the ethnic community, and the socially marginalized community. This edited book would be a precious and expedient source for social work education on dealing with issues faced by these diverse hard-to-reach communities.

This book is about psychiatric nursing in Bangladesh. Bangladesh, a densely populated South Asian nation with around 170 million people, has recently transitioned to a lower-middle-income country, yet it faces a significant dual burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. There is an extreme shortage of nurses in Bangladesh where currently (as of February 2023) 77,838 registered nurses are available. As per a cautious projection, the demand for nurses will be 483,000 in 2030. The latest estimate revealed that there are 0.43 psychiatric nurses for every 100,000 patients. Currently, no textbook is available in Bangladesh specifically focused on psychiatric nursing, despite the country's urgent need for mental health education. This book would provide basic insights and culturally relevant skills to help bridge the health services in the country. Offering localized content, practical case studies, and context-specific interventions will equip the next generation of nurses to better serve the mental health needs of Bangladeshi communities. There is no similar book in the market on psychiatric nursing in Bangladesh. Hence this will be the first book of its kind according to the curriculum of BSc Nursing in Bangladesh.

In an era of rapidly shifting socioeconomic landscapes and mounting climate challenges, understanding and improving the welfare of pastoralist societies in Africa's fragile drylands is more critical than ever. This book offers an evidence-based contribution to that effort. Drawing on two decades of research and repeated household surveys in the Borana region of southern Ethiopia, the study explores the major challenges faced by peripheral pastoralist communities amid environmental change and socioeconomic transition. Using both quantitative and qualitative data from seven systematically selected sites, the book builds a robust panel dataset collected over three survey rounds since 2002, with detailed analyses based on the most recent 2012 and 2021 surveys. The core objective is to empirically trace long-term trends in pastoral well-being-allowing the data to speak for itself. Beyond academic discourse, this work serves as a practical resource for policy analysis and development programming, offering insights for students, researchers, planners, and aid practitioners committed to sustainable development in Africa's pastoral peripheries. The book is organized into two parts: Part One provides a conceptual foundation and reviews key debates on pastoralism and development. Part Two presents empirical analyses on household economies, climate adaptation, poverty and vulnerability, food security, and resilience to shocks.

Seuchen verloren seit den spaeten 1950er Jahren ihren Schrecken, denn neue Impfstoffe, verbesserte Hygiene und Antibiotika liessen sie als beherrschbar erscheinen. Die Erfolge vermittelten das Gefuehl, in einer ?immunisierten Gesellschaft“ zu leben und moegliche zukuenftige Risiken praeventiv planend steuern zu koennen. Doch neue Infektionserkrankungen wie AIDS, SARS und Vogelgrippe erschuetterten diese Gewissheit seit den 1990er Jahren immer wieder. Als Schattenseiten von wirtschaftlicher Prosperitaet, globalem Handel und Tourismus gelten Epidemien als unausweichliche Gefahren. Was bleibt, ist eine umfassende Vorbereitung. Nicht mehr Praevention, sondern ?Preparedness“ bestimmt zunehmend die Planungen fuer und den Umgang mit Pandemien.

Aus interdisziplinaerer Perspektive beleuchtet der Sammelband anhand konkreter Fallbeispiele Planungen fuer Pandemien und Massnahmen der Praevention und ?Preparedness“ in Deutschland, den USA sowie auf Ebene der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert. Anders als klassische Darstellungen einzelner Infektionskrankheiten und Reaktionen auf diese setzt der Band an, bevor sich Pandemien manifestiert haben: bei der Praevention und der Vorbereitung auf den Pandemiefall. Im Zentrum stehen also pandemische Zukuenfte.

Women's healthcare is facing a crisis. On the publication of this book, there are increasing efforts to restrict or limit funding for research and to limit public funding for healthcare services. These restrictions are most obviously recognizable by the executive order suggesting that federal grants should not use the word "women" in funding proposals. Meanwhile, the 2025 federal budget restricts and contracts Medicaid funding, 75% of which is used by women and children.

As a result, Elizabeth Palley, Howard Palley and Marian Lief Palley reexamine the politics of women's healthcare and what advocates have done to further enhance policies that promote women's health and wellbeing. They also consider where women's health care advocates have been successful, where they have been stymied and where advances have been reversed. Examining topics such as women's healthcare during pregnancy in the aftermath of the Dobbs decision, as well as political and cultural obstacles women currently face regarding healthcare access and equity, the authors assess the current state of women's healthcare and highlight where women are most vulnerable.

This handbook brings together experts by lived experience, educators, practitioners and researchers to present a transformative, neuro-inclusive approach to social work. Emphasizing the importance of developing and implementing neuroaffirmative perspectives in social work education, practice, and research, it advocates for neuro-inclusive and equitable social work practice with neurodivergent people who access social work services and those who provide them.

This groundbreaking volume delves into critical themes, including the role of neurodivergent social workers, the impact of systemic conditions, epistemic injustice, and the importance of culturally sensitive community-informed research. Offering recommendations, reflexive activity and frameworks, this handbook is essential reading and an invaluable resource for students, educators, academics, practitioners and researchers in social work and related professions.

This book critically examines the foundational assumptions of vaccine systems, challenging the dominant linear narrative of vaccine creation and production, regulation, and distribution. Rather than treating these components as isolated and sequential, the project adopts a holistic approach to unpack their dynamic interrelations. The volume is organized into three parts-Creation and Production, Regulation, and Distribution-each showcasing how broader social, political, cultural, and economic processes shape the inter-relationships between these components.

It offers a unique contribution by reframing the understanding of vaccine systems through an interdisciplinary lens that draws on law, public health, innovation studies, psychology and science and technology studies. It is distinct in combining theoretical analysis with empirical insights from diverse national and socio-cultural contexts to examine how these systems operate in practice. In doing so, it supports the call for more inclusive, transparent, and context-sensitive models of vaccine governance, which is particularly important in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and in preparation for future public health challenges.

This book explores the critical role of performance criteria (PC) in research and interventions for autistic individuals, emphasizing its function as a moderator between independent and dependent variables by establishing higher durability of behavioral change. In the field of autism research, it is common to target a dependent variable that focuses on either increasing adaptive skills (such as social skills, verbal language, academic, health skills, and daily living skills) or reducing destructive/problem behaviors (such as hitting, biting, wounding, screaming, and engaging in off-task behavior). While PC is commonly used to evaluate intervention effectiveness, recent studies suggest that PC levels are associated with improved maintenance and generalization of trained behaviors. Additionally, emerging research highlights the potential of PC in calculating intervention effect sizes, offering a new perspective on assessing clinical significance.

Given the importance of PC in establishing evidence-based practices, this book aims to provide a comprehensive discussion on how to determine optimal PC levels for various skill domains in autistic individuals. By synthesizing existing research and offering practical guidance, the book equips researchers and practitioners with the necessary tools in terms of assigning PC levels to evaluate interventions with greater accuracy and ensure socially meaningful behavioral change.

This book examines how older adults with physical disabilities living at home develop dietary resilience strategies to maintain independence, agency, and dignity in later life. Drawing on extensive theoretical literature and rich qualitative research with home dwelling older adults, it analyses how people adapt to food related challenges associated with ageing (such as declining health, mobility limitations, sensory changes, financial constraints, retirement, widowhood, and social isolation) and how they mobilise personal, social, and cultural resources to sustain meaningful eating practices.

Grounded in a robust conceptual framework that integrates gerontology, the life course perspective, nutritional science, gender studies, and the anthropology of food, the book reframes dietary resilience as a multidimensional process shaped not only by biological or nutritional needs but also by identity, cultural continuity, social relationships, and everyday experiences of agency. It reveals how older adults adapt recipes and routines, diversify food sources, reorganise kitchen environments, rely on supportive networks, practise mindful eating, and preserve pleasure and ritual in ways that reinforce autonomy and well being despite physical limitations. A key contribution of the book is its attention to gendered life histories and foodwork, showing how men and women draw on different forms of knowledge, social capital, and embodied experience to negotiate changing capabilities and roles in later life.

Short yet comprehensive, the book foregrounds the sense of security and independence that food provides in old age and highlights strength based strategies through which older adults maintain quality of life. It concludes with practical implications for researchers, professionals, and caregivers seeking to support autonomy, culturally meaningful nutrition, and dignified ageing.

Now in a 25th anniversary edition, featuring a foreword from bestselling author Rob Henderson of the Manhattan Institute and a new postscript from Theodore Dalrymple.

"A classic for our times. It is as fundamental for understanding the world we live in as the three R's." -Thomas Sowell

As a British psychiatrist who treated the poor in a slum hospital and a prison in England, Theodore Dalrymple had seemingly seen it all. Yet, in listening to and observing his patients, he has been continually astonished by the latest twist of depravity that exceeds even his own considerable experience. Dalrymple's key insight in Life at the Bottom is that long-term poverty is caused not by economics but by a dysfunctional set of values, one that is continually reinforced by an elite culture searching for victims. This culture persuades those at the bottom that they have no responsibility for their actions and are not the molders of their own lives. Drawn from the pages of the cutting-edge political and cultural quarterly City Journal, Dalrymple's book draws upon scores of eye-opening, true-life vignettes that are by turns hilariously funny, chillingly horrifying, and all too revealing--sometimes all at once. And Dalrymple writes in prose that transcends journalism and achieves the quality of literature.

This book extends the literature on multidimensional poverty and economic deprivation by providing insights into the well-being of the US population. Written for policymakers, researchers, economists, and others studying poverty, this resource documents multidimensional deprivation in the US, examines variation in its incidence and intensity across demographic cohorts and geographic locales, and considers the corresponding implications for the American social contract.

Multidimensional deprivation is chronicled using data extracted from the 2008-2023 American Community Survey Public Use Microdata surveys (ACS-PUMS). The extensive data, which includes information for nearly 48 million individuals, enable a thorough exploration of multidimensional deprivation in the US, serving as a valuable complement to the official income-based measures of poverty.