社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

Power, Knowledge, and Covid-19: The Making of a Scientific Orthodoxy shows, step by step, how a dominant scientific line on Covid-19 was built and defended - and what it left out.

Through tightly argued case studies, Alex Broadbent and Pieter Streicher reconstruct how early modelling distinctions (notably the suppression/mitigation frame) and threshold-based reasoning made lockdown the default; how debates on masking and vaccination hardened into dogma; and how rival views were sidelined through credentialing, gatekeeping, and the control of forums. The book names and analyses five recurring features of this orthodoxy - methodological rigidity, scientific dogma, suppression of dissent, indirect political authority ("follow the science"), and scientific injustice - and shows how each shaped decisions across diverse settings.

Pairing clear conceptual analysis with accessible evidence reviews, the authors probe where models misled, where uncertainty was overstated or understated, and where costs, context, and equity were neglected - especially in low-resource settings. Rather than relitigating the pandemic, they offer a practical framework for recognizing when science and policy converge too tightly, how to keep plurality alive under pressure, and how to design governance that preserves expertise without closing down legitimate choice. For readers in philosophy, public health, policy, and beyond, this is a concise, non-polemical account of what went wrong, what went right, and how to do better next time.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY) 4.0 license.

The Next Healthcare Leader is a career guide designed to help students, early-career professionals, professionals looking to advance in their careers, and those new to the field of healthcare administration navigate their first decade in the field with purpose, confidence, and clarity. Drawing from over two decades of executive leadership and academic experience, this book delivers 50 short, actionable lessons rooted in real-world mentorship, practical insight, and a value-driven approach to building a successful healthcare leadership career.

Unlike dense textbooks or technical manuals, this book is conversational, reflective, and designed to meet readers where they are-often overwhelmed, uncertain, and searching for direction in a fast-changing industry. It speaks directly to the questions, missteps, and growth opportunities students and professionals face, helping them move from uncertainty to confidence as they explore, enter, and grow within the healthcare sector.

The book is organized in 50 self-contained lessons across five broad themes: Understanding the Landscape, Building a Career Foundation, Growing as a Professional, Leading with Intention, Shaping a Career with Purpose. Each chapter can be read independently or sequentially, making the book suitable for classroom adoption, career development programming, or individual use. The book's voice is grounded, encouraging, and honest, offering not just strategies for success, but also guidance for overcoming fear, failure, and burnout.

As the first of two companion volumes, this book provides a comprehensive collection of applied linguistics studies on health inclusivity, showcasing empirical research and methodological insights on different languages such as British Sign Language, Chinese, Danish, English, German, Japanese, and Spanish.

The volume presents studies on health inclusivity based on first-hand patient experiences and explores the representation of health and illness across scientific, institutional, and media discourses. It features a wide range of linguistic methodologies and frameworks such as qualitative discourse studies, corpus-based discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, public involvement, narrative analysis, and metaphor analysis, as applied to a variety of contexts and communities. Integrating examples of projects and campaigns that promote inclusive healthcare, the chapters discuss potential practical implications and offer recommendations for applications to Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI).

This is an essential resource for academics working in linguistics and discourse studies applied to healthcare, as well as students seeking deeper insights into how health communication, sociology, and health and social care workers can inform institutional practices and shape policy discussions, and broaden social perspectives of health inclusivity across a global scale.

This volume offers an initial articulation of radical, ethical social work as a socially transformative response to societal divisions and polarisation.

The contributors conceptualise this interstitial space of the radical and ethical as acutely sensitive to power relations, systemic harms, and diverse epistemologies and ontologies while being relational, contextual, compassionate, and informed by oppositional consciousness and revolutionary hope. The 30 chapters are spread across three sections: Theorizing Radical, Ethical Social Work; Academic Contexts; and Practical Contexts. In disrupting assumed positions and orthodoxies and making visible tensions and contradictions in contemporary social work, this book suggests greater complexity, nuance, and possibility, whilst promoting novel, unique social work responses and dialogue.

Presenting a new politics of social work, this Handbook will motivate social work scholars, educators, practitioners, students, and policy makers towards complex, critical, relevant, transformative, socially just, decolonised, ethical social work engagement.

Gangopadhyay defines new categories of motherhood, illustrating how mothers have crafted their own forms of motherhood care and developed the concept of neoliberal motherhood to reflect evolving ideals of motherhood in urban India.

Through in-depth interviews with emerging motherhood identities, such as work-from-home mothers, single mothers and mumpreneurs, this book offers insights into how modern working mothers in India are balancing their aspirations with maternal responsibilities in a neoliberalist, post-pandemic context. The chapters examine COVID-19's impact on women's careers, exploring how mothers are challenging traditional gender norms and creating new care narratives. It also investigates how shifting demographic trends are generating new motherhood ideologies. These narratives address a significant research gap in family sociology and gender studies within the Global South, providing an essential understanding of how working mothers with career commitments influence societal expectations and traditional family care roles.

This is an invaluable resource for scholars, researchers and students of sociology, anthropology and gender studies, as well as policymakers, researchers, practitioners and activists interested in how emerging demographic trends, global health crises and state economic policies shape motherhood identities.

Development Across Adulthood: Multicultural Perspectives on Adult Development and Aging provides a novel and comprehensive understanding of development across adulthood.

Presenting adult development and aging in a way that applies to student's lives, the book prepares them as critical consumers and decision-makers as well as culturally competent individuals inspired to pursue related careers. With an emphasis on aging and the end of the lifespan, as well as middle adulthood, the book provides a more balanced presentation of the life changes that occur from emerging adulthood through the end of life. Through an engaging presentation of ideas, scholarship, and pedagogical features that promote active and self-regulated learning and development, the book presents the most recent and exciting theoretical and scientific discoveries of today and incorporates recent and current global issues to help us understand the impact of these events on the development of adults from different cultures.

Focusing on diversity in developmental outcomes including age, culture, ethnicity, gender and sexual identity, and the increasingly interconnected global world and its influences on longevity, health, and quality of life, this textbook is core reading for undergraduate students studying adult development and aging courses, as well as other allied health disciplines.

The book comes equipped with comprehensive teaching resources, including lecturer slides and instructor manuals for each chapter featuring chapter summaries, discussion questions, class activity ideas, and links to relevant websites, making it an invaluable resource for educators.

Translating the Language of the COVID-19 Pandemic is an essential primer for translators, offering a comprehensive exploration of the terminology and language that shaped the global response to an unprecedented crisis. Divided into three insightful sections, the book delves into the linguistic and technological dimensions of the pandemic.

The first section, The Outbreak, explores key pandemic terms like "shelter-in-place," "the new normal," and "flattening the curve," reflecting societal shifts during the crisis. Migration Online examines the pandemic's impact on education and the arts, highlighting their transition to virtual platforms. The third section, Fire of Genius, Fuel of Survival, inspired by Abraham Lincoln's Lecture on Discoveries and Inventions, showcases global innovations that mitigated the pandemic's effects and analyzes the vaccine rollout, addressing its successes and challenges. The book includes a bilingual glossary of 1,500 pandemic-related terms (English to French), covering scientific and everyday language, along with appendices listing patents and links to virtual performances. A detailed index ensures easy navigation of topics. This comprehensive resource serves as both a primer for translators on the language that defined the COVID-19 pandemic and a reader-friendly presentation of international mitigation technologies and innovations.

This book provides a research-supported retrospective analysis with enduring relevance and features a bilingual glossary of pandemic terminology with potential for expansion into additional languages. An invaluable resource for translators, linguists, researchers seeking to understand the intersection of language, technology, and human resilience during one of the most challenging periods in modern history.

Asserts how Black artists and activists developed a disability consciousness in response to racialized disabling experiences in the early to mid-twentieth century

Black Crip Modern uncovers how early twentieth-century Black writers, artists, and activists laid the groundwork for modern disability consciousness. Under Jim Crow, Black disabled citizens were excluded from social services and medical reforms, even as racist violence, carceral surveillance, eugenic logic, and exploitative labor conditions deepened disabling experiences. Through literature, film, photography, and personal testimony, Black modernists registered these compounded injustices and articulated new ways of thinking about illness, impairment, and care.

Engaging the work of figures such as Zora Neale Hurston, Claude McKay, Wallace Thurman, Pauli Murray, Langston Hughes and Marita Bonner, Jess Waggoner traces how Black cultural production challenged both white supremacy and ableist ideals of progress. In their writing, Waggoner finds an early "Black crip modern" consciousness - one that rejected eugenic reform, critiqued racialized caregiving hierarchies, and envisioned collective care grounded in feminist and anti-carceral principles.

In conversation with contemporary disability justice movements, Black Crip Modern reveals how Black thinkers and artists forged a disability politics before it was formally named. By assembling these overlooked histories of Black ill and disabled life, Waggoner reframes the foundations of disability studies and insists that Black cultural production has always been central to the struggle for bodily autonomy, access, and justice.

This book explores how ancient disability and its reception in Classics, Ancient Mediterranean Studies (AMS), and related disciplines are relevant to disabled people today.

Written by disabled and neurodivergent scholars, this book outlines the multifaceted contributions studies of the ancient world can have on contemporary Disability Studies, pedagogy, research, and activism. It addresses how ableism has impacted the disability rights movement, pedagogy, and research in Classics, as well as misconceptions about disability in the ancient world, which remain pervasive across modern scholarship. The volume highlights what Ancient Disability Studies has to offer towards modern disability activism, with studies of disability in the past posing fascinating questions for educators and disability community members today.

This book is suitable for students and scholars in Classics and AMS, Disability Studies, and Museum Studies, as well as teachers and university educators. It will also appeal to disabled people and those interested in pedagogy and disability history.

Reproductive Boundaries examines the shifting boundaries of prenatal care in Switzerland, focusing on the Pregnancy Support Center's innovative psychosocial model. By redefining the territory of care, the Center extends its reach beyond the medical domain, exemplifying the reproductivization of life, the increasing organization of various life aspects through a reproductive lens. The book explores how this approach challenges traditional borders between medical and psychosocial care, offering an alternative to Switzerland's heavily medicalized reproductive care. Through ethnographic insights into reproductive talk, it reveals how psychosocial advisors shift the boundaries of reproductive care, balancing support with broader state goals of reproductive governance. Set against Switzerland's history of stratified reproductive policies, the study critically examines how psychosocial care reshapes the landscape of pregnancy, raising questions about surveillance and evolving gender roles. This thought-provoking work invites readers to reconsider the limits and possibilities of care in a fragmented society.

This book is also freely available online as an open access digital edition.

Health care workers are burned out. Health care leaders know that workers are burned out but do not yet have the right tools to fix the problem. Called to Care? argues that we can mitigate burnout by examining what is most meaningful about health care work. Using interviews and observation of a wide range of health care workers, Cain shows that workers who care for our most vulnerable adults find their work to be meaningful when they are able to connect to the work and make progress on something that matters. In most cases, these meaningful experiences are also consistent with better care for patients. And yet organizational practices, policy environments, and cultural meanings get in the way of meaningful work, creating burnout. But it doesn't have to be this way. Called to Care? illustrates that workplaces can and should align meaningful work experiences with quality care for patients.

Tells the history of St. Vincent's Hospital and the transformative impact of Catholic health care in New York City.

St. Vincent's Hospital began with a simple, but radical mission: to care for all those in need regardless of race, creed, or financial means. For more than 160 years, the hospital carried out that work, serving notables and the nameless alike, from impoverished immigrants and those stricken by devastating nineteenth-century epidemics to AIDS patients and the victims of the attacks of 9/11.

A Monument of Charity provides the first comprehensive history of this remarkable institution, from its humble beginnings in 1849 to its abrupt closure in 2010. Located in the heart of Greenwich Village, St. Vincent's earned distinction not only for the quality of its medical programs, but also for its unwavering dedication to the poor. The hospital was a testament to the vision and labor of the Sisters of Charity, who founded, staffed, and administered the hospital with remarkable skill and devotion.

This captivating account documents St. Vincent's growth into one of the largest and most prominent Catholic medical centers in the United States, as well as its struggles to sustain its religious mission within the ever-changing and increasingly competitive medical marketplace. A Monument to Charity highlights the immense contributions of Catholic sisters to health care in the United States as well as the enduring legacy of all those who worked alongside them to care for the sick and alleviate suffering.

We are living in a period of global volatility in which intersecting crises are combining with devastating impacts for people already living in and near poverty. This book carefully examines the dynamics of these crises and challenges us to find new ways forward for policies and programming that more effectively meet the needs of the world's most vulnerable populations.

The book highlights lived experiences of those who are impacted most by poverty amidst intersecting crises-namely climate-related disasters, violent conflict and economic instability- drawing on the author's 15 years of experience in sub-Saharan Africa and South and Southeast Asia. It examines chronic poverty amidst intersecting crises, highlighting how new impoverishment may emerge, and even surprisingly how some people manage to escape or remain out of poverty in these contexts. It offers a multi-scalar, dynamic investigation of poverty and intersecting crises to identify ways forward for policies and programming.

It is an essential read for practitioners working on poverty and inequality reduction in low- and middle-income countries, as well as for researchers and students of global development, environmental and peace studies, and economics, public policy, and sociology more broadly.

This book clarifies the differing roles of informed consent in healthcare as well as the guidelines, rules, and laws governing consent. The growing use of AI in health care has led to open questions about disclosure to the public as well as to healthcare consumers. There is no universal right to know whether or how AI is used in health care. The traditional right to informed consent requires disclosure of information, often based on what a reasonable person would use to make healthcare decisions, such as the risk of debilitating side effects. The system of informed consent as disclosure, understanding, and acquiescence as commonly used in patient care differs from the informed consent to release one's data, which is governed by a web of privacy laws. Furthermore, disclosure of the role of AI in drug discovery or in medical records brings different concerns for which the traditional patient-centered informed consent is insufficient or inapplicable. It may be ethically satisfactory to disclose the use of AI for the sake of transparency when the use of AI is unlikely to be considered in the healthcare consumer's decision making. By providing a simple explainer of medical AI, a brief history of informed consent, and arguments for the use of informed consent and against it, this book recommends using informed consent in health care, especially when a clinician is likely to unduly rely on an AI tool that poses risk. This book explores what healthcare consumers and the public should know and why. It is of interest to scholars and professionals navigating the growing use of AI in healthcare.

This is the first book to examine the rising use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data in military and humanitarian healthcare, including the use of AI for diagnostic assistants, robotic surgery, and the general practice of medicine itself. Although AI and Big Data may simplify and improve a wide range of healthcare processes and procedures in very difficult situations, their use also raises a number of significant ethical challenges and dilemmas. These challenges are addressed for the first time in the contributions of this book, which derive from a wide-ranging and interdisciplinary forum on the topic held at Jongny, Switzerland in June 2024. The resulting volume offers the first and most authoritative examination of the use of AI for military and humanitarian healthcare. It also addresses resulting questions about leadership, values, and fundamental epistemological questions concerning AI. This volume is of interest to healthcare professionals, officers in the military, humanitarian aid workers, researchers, policymakers, and advanced students in the fields of medical ethics, military ethics, artificial intelligence, and the ethics of technology.

This book explores justice as both a philosophical concept and a measurable social indicator for evaluating quality of life. It offers an original framework that integrates ethical theory with empirical applications in public policy, especially in sectors such as health, education, and the environment.

Rooted in the rich traditions of moral and political philosophy, the book redefines justice as a central dimension of human well-being-one that can be both conceptually coherent and practically assessed. Through a critical engagement with classical thinkers, contemporary theories, and applied case studies, the book presents a justice-centered alternative to existing models based on utility, capabilities, or economic welfare. Each chapter bridges abstract principles with real-world implications, offering insights into how justice can be integrated into policy design, performance evaluation, and development agendas. The author challenges the prevailing fragmentation between normative theory and social indicators, proposing a unifying approach that enriches both. This book is essential reading for scholars in philosophy, sociology, development studies, and public policy, as well as for practitioners interested in embedding ethical considerations into social measurement and decision-making. By foregrounding justice as both an end and a means, this book opens new pathways toward a more equitable and reflective approach to quality of life.

This open access book offers innovative contributions to the climate-migration-health nexus and the role of regional governance in this nexus, emphasizing the importance of interregional cooperation in addressing these challenges. It considers climate change as an intensifier of leading to rising of migration and displacement, in interaction with economic, political, and social factors. These in turn have profound implications for society, particularly in relation to human health and health systems. The spread of infectious diseases, the rise in chronic health conditions, mental health issues, and fragmented access to healthcare are already emerging as critical concerns. This volume fills the gap in the understanding of the intricate climate-migration-health nexus and provides new empirical evidence and data to inform effective interventions and policies. Leading experts explore the interconnections between different dimensions of the nexus across regions, present mitigation and adaptation strategies, delve into the influence of regional and global governance factors, and showcase novel transdisciplinary methodologies. By unlocking this knowledge, this volume aims to shape sustainable solutions and forge a resilient future.

This book provides a fresh narrative of policy reforms to support low-income workers in France and the United Kingdom in recent decades. It tackles the puzzle of why two institutionally-distinct welfare states came to make use of similar instruments - including subsidising wages via in-work benefits - to 'make work pay' and reduce in-work poverty. Drawing on primary interviews and documents, the account argues that governmental decisions were decisively influenced by prevailing ideas among political and policy elites, rather than the concrete demands of voters and interest groups. It also charts how wider developments in each state's social security and labour market system led to a process of partial welfare state convergence. The findings contribute to contemporary debates regarding welfare state politics, ideational power, and democratic representation. The volume will be of interest students and researchers in the fields of social and public policy, political science, political economy, sociology, and cognate disciplines.

This open access book offers unique insights into organizational management in healthcare. It helps healthcare professionals understand how the unique imprints of healthcare organizations shape their identity drawing from practical experiences and evidence-based practices to promote positive change in the industry. The book also addresses the importance of adaptability in health systems in creating dynamic and resilient organizational structures. In this way, it conveys a sense of depth, understanding, and holistic mark of healthcare organizations' dedication to elevating organizational success.

Providing readers with actionable insights and strategies to navigate complex organizational dynamics, this book empowers healthcare leaders, practitioners, and policymakers to harness the power of insights and imprints to help healthcare systems navigate challenges, foster innovation, and deliver high-quality, patient-centered healthcare.

This book will be of interest to scholars and researchers focusing on the intersections of gender, work, the economy, poverty, and rurality, particularly in western Africa.

This book explores the transformation of contemporary social welfare into what the author terms "surveillant care"-a hybrid system that merges protection with control, requiring recipients to surrender privacy and autonomy as prerequisites for assistance. Drawing on Foucauldian governmentality and critical social theory, the study examines how care has evolved from a citizenship right into a conditional service requiring extensive documentation and behavioural compliance.

The book traces the historical shift from universal welfare provision to eligibility-based systems that transform citizens into managed cases. It analyses how visibility, documentation, and assessment function as interconnected technologies of power that reshape both social need and subjectivity. The work investigates how recipients must undergo "social self-annihilation" to access services, while exploring alternative forms of resistance through silence, invisibility, and informal care networks.

Through innovative theoretical analysis, the book contributes to international debates on welfare reform, neoliberal governance, and biopolitical management of vulnerability. It addresses scholars in sociology, political science, social policy, and critical theory, while offering insights relevant to practitioners and policymakers.