社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

This open access book analyses Latin American countries' state capacity based on these countries' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The causes and consequences of uneven state capacity have been a popular academic debate in social welfare provision during the last decades. The pandemic raises further concerns. The making and implementation of infection-preventive measures have relied on the capability of the state authority to deploy health infrastructure, provide timely and extensive health services, and mobilize policy tools to build desirable collective action either by coercive or non-coercive means. In this sense, the global pandemic "presents a rare naturally occurring experiment" to draw comparative lessons.

Additionally, amid the burgeoning COVID-19 literature worldwide, Latin America stood out as a region that provides an important reference to the comparative perspective on the global pandemic. It unfolded one of the worst scenarios, particularly during the first year of the pandemic, evident in the major indicators such as infected cases, death tolls, and mortality rates. So, not all of the Global South hit the score evenly, making Latin America remarkably worse in inter-regional terms than Africa and Asia, making it one of the epicenters of the pandemic. Academic studies have added nuance to this picture by suggesting intra-regional variations. Latin American countries differed in many critical ways, including early successes and failures in containing virus spreads, political leadership and coordination, and measures taken for social distancing. Subnational variations were also remarkable in federal regimes. This multi-layered diversity thus provides seedbeds for the identification and test of theoretical puzzles.

COVID-19 and State Capacity in Latin America: Comparative Perspectives on Responses to the Pandemic will be a valuable resource for political scientists and researchers from many other disciplines within the social sciences interested in the study of state capacity and social welfare provision.

This book argues for reframing endometriosis as a chronic pain condition, rather than an infertility issue. Drawing from feminist theory, disability studies, historical and archival research, and personal, embodied knowledge of living with the disease, it analyzes the deeply rooted misogyny and racism of Western medicine's research and treatment of endometriosis as a "career woman's disease"-a framing which demonizes women's reproductive choices and focuses on gender roles rather than their pain, experience, and agency. Offering a unique lens through which we can re-examine broader issues of autonomy, authority, and agency within the healthcare system, it will appeal to scholars in gender studies, disability studies, medical humanities, feminist studies, and the history of gynecology, as well as women's health advocates and healthcare practitioners.

This book highlights the experiences of people with disability and their family members from Syrian and Iraqi refugee backgrounds who have resettled in Australia over the past decade.
Based on in-depth life history interviews, the book details the challenges people faced as refugees adapting to a new country. Some of these challenges are consistent with those faced by people from refugee backgrounds, but the book sheds special light on difficulties which are specific to or exacerbated by the disability experience. Taking a scholarly perspective, the Angela Dew explores the implications of these challenges and recommends alternative approaches which may diminish the challenges and enhance the benefits that can accrue to not just the individuals seeking refuge, but the societies receiving them. Bringing together four conceptual frameworks-life course theory, ecological theory, social capital theory, and journey theory-the book explores how the application of these theories offers complimentary viewpoints to provide a deeper understanding of the experiences of people with disability from refugee backgrounds. By affirming that people with disability and their family members who seek asylum and those who are accepted as refugees in resettlement countries deserve safety, security and support following traumatic life experiences which are compounded by their disability, Dew offers a vision for a richer, more equitable society.

Framing Addiction uncovers how mainstream American media have shaped public understanding of drug epidemics through narratives deeply influenced by race, class, and power. Drawing on content and discourse analyses of six major newspapers, compares the heroin epidemic of the 1970s with the opioid crisis of the 21st century, exposing how Black and Latino communities were criminalized while White opioid users were portrayed as victims in need of care.

This timely and necessary work explores the human cost of biased journalism and the policy consequences of selective empathy. From Nixon's "War on Drugs" to today's calls for treatment and recovery, Framing Addiction traces how media narratives both reflect and reinforce inequality. Grounded in critical race theory, journalism studies, and public health discourse, this book offers a new framework for ethical, equitable reporting on addiction.

A vital resource for journalists, scholars, policymakers, and anyone interested in the intersections of media, race, and public health.

By focusing on effective communication strategies and leveraging cutting-edge research, this book offers meaningful progress toward improving mental health outcomes for everyone, with a special emphasis on underserved populations.

Health communication research constitutes a significant intervention to the study of mental health, especially when considering underserved and marginalized demographics. Contributors to this volume identify and address critical barriers often faced when accessing mental health information and care, including stigma, lack of resources, and cultural differences, among myriad other individual and societal obstacles.

By exposing and critically analyzing these issues, the book recommends future directions for the design of effective mental health communication campaigns, emphasizing the importance of strategic information diffusion and urgency in order to improve mental health literacy. Contributors then offer policy recommendations and advocacy initiatives designed to improve mental health services for underserved populations and communities, ultimately increasing both the inclusivity and overall efficacy of the mental healthcare system.

This book discusses conditionality in social policy from normative, ethical, and philosophical perspectives. It brings together researchers from a variety of disciplines and parts of the world, opening new perspectives for the reader. Conditional social benefits are widespread and controversial: for supporters, they express that the state can expect something in return for its services and that self-responsibility is thereby strengthened. For critics, conditionality is synonymous with control and subjugation. This book discusses and investigates both views on conditionality, allowing the reader to get more in-depth knowledge of this topical and important aspect of social policy and political philosophy.

This volume, Climate Change and Children's Rights in Zimbabwe: Toward Social Policy-Based Interventions, provides a comprehensive examination of the intersection between climate change and children's rights in Zimbabwe, one of the world's most climate-vulnerable nations. It brings together diverse perspectives from sociology, law, development studies, anthropology, economics, and environmental sciences to challenge conventional approaches that treat children as passive victims of climate impacts. The book interrogates climate vulnerability through multiple dimensions, from legal frameworks and theoretical foundations to sectoral impacts and innovative adaptation strategies, showcasing transformative pathways for child-centred climate action that recognises children as rights-holders and active agents of change.\

The book outlines critical aspects and issues that must be understood and addressed to protect and advance children's rights in the face of accelerating environmental change. Attention is given to both persistent structural inequalities and innovative opportunities for building resilience through rights-based, gender-transformative, and community-grounded approaches. Through case studies spanning diverse districts, including Lupane, Bikita, Mbire, Chivi, Mashonaland Central, Gutu, Goromonzi, Zvimba, and others, it highlights how climate impacts manifest differently across Zimbabwe's varied ecological and socio-economic landscapes, affecting children's health, education, nutrition, protection, and overall well-being. It provides foundational perspectives into climate justice imperatives, multispecies justice frameworks, legal and policy gaps, and opportunities for transformative social policy that centres children's agency and Indigenous knowledge systems. The book is of interest to researchers, climate justice scholars, child rights advocates, development practitioners, humanitarian organisations, and policymakers committed to implementing more effective, equitable, and contextually appropriate climate responses that place children's rights at the centre of all climate action across Zimbabwe and the broader African continent.

Every component of the drug fight needs to change, from the health care system to the justice system, from Homeland security to Congress. American lives depend on it.
The country has been buffeted by four deadly overlapping waves of the opioid crisis, starting with prescription painkillers followed by heroin, fentanyl, and now dangerous drug combinations of opioids with methamphetamine, cocaine, and other substances, often sold as pills via social media. Fatal overdoses, reduced from peak levels, is still disturbingly high. Further, drug addiction, which impacts 28 million Americans, remains unchanged. Why are the country's efforts to reduce overdoses, addiction and drug-related crime not working better? What can be done to get us back on track?
This bold new book answers these questions-not with glib rhetoric or easy solutions-but with straight talk and a clear roadmap to take on the crisis. It is time for Washington to own up to its own errors and change how it takes on the drug problem. Major reforms are urgently needed, innovations in public health, justice and social policies are spelled out throughout this book which address the opioid crisis and prepare us for whatever comes next.
Each chapter focuses on a hard lesson, detailing past failures and then outlining a path forward based on the author's lived experiences working on drug policy for over three decades, through both the crack cocaine and opioid epidemics and five administrations at the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP).
Recommended as the main text for courses that are focused specifically on drugs and society, war on drugs, crime and society, addiction or the opioid crisis. Higher level classes on public health, criminology, sociology, public administration, government it would be a good supplement, especially for those wanting to utilize the example of the opioid crisis as a case study on responses to this social problem of the opioid crisis and response, or the whole "failed war on drugs."

This volume explores the complex nature of religiosity among deaf and hard-of-hearing adolescents attending residential schools in Poland. Drawing on psychological models of religion, particularly Stefan Huber's multidimensional approach, this study examines both subjective and environmental determinants of religious development in this unique population. Key dimensions include emotional experiences of the divine, conceptual images of God, and general levels of religious commitment, all measured through standardized tools adapted for Polish Sign Language users. The book also offers a comprehensive profile of the participants, including their developmental trajectories, communication methods, and varying degrees of religious knowledge and engagement. It also analyzes the role of educational and social environments in shaping religious identity and practices. Drawing from data collected from 170 students across Poland, the study develops an evidence-based model for religious education tailored to deaf and hard-of-hearing youth, including post-educational and elderly groups in inclusive education settings. The book fills a major gap in both Polish and international scholarship, and ultimately provides essential insights for educators, religious leaders, psychologists, and policymakers engaged in the inclusive religious formation of deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals.

This book provides the first systematic, quali-quantitative examination of how perception, orientation, and anticipation of the future are produced and reproduced in disruptive times. Utilizing an extensive and assorted Italian data set, it revolves around the contemporary sociological discussion between subjective expectations and objective chances, showing how disadvantaged actors self-excluded themselves while facing ambiguous prospects during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Supported by both qualitative and quantitative evidence, the authors advance that structural, actual opportunities largely predetermine individual stances, especially while confronted with their post-pandemic hereafter - what Bourdieu calls "the causality of the probable". Although a flood of publications ensued from the pandemic, many of which focused on the reproduction of inequalities taking place in such unsettled times, little or no attention has been paid to the dynamic through which social actors unequally envisioned future scenarios (as well as practical predispositions and adaptations to them), unevenly projecting themselves in the aftermath of the pandemic situation. Accordingly, this book interprets dispositions and attitudes toward the future of a national-scale sample of Italian subjects by highlighting to what extent these apperceptions are influenced by previous experiences, cultural schemas, and socioeconomic background.

An important contribution to the contemporary sociological discussion between subjective expectations and objective chances, it will appeal to researchers and scholars with interests in social reproduction, sociological theory, future studies, inequality, and mixed-method analysis.

When systems fail people from birth to death, democracy itself is at risk.

In RAGEism, Maya Rockeymoore Cummings reveals the hidden architecture of systemic injustice that has shaped American policy for generations. Using the term "Rageism" to describe how racism and ageism intersect, she exposes the deliberate policy choices that disadvantage African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, and marginalized Asian communities throughout their entire lives, while also discussing how these same decisions also entrap millions of low-income white Americans in cycles of economic and health insecurity.

From the Flint water crisis to COVID-19's disproportionate impact, and from predatory mortgage practices to Social Security privatization schemes-Dr. Cummings connects the dots between seemingly separate crises to reveal a pattern of structural discrimination that undermines both individual lives and democratic institutions.

Drawing on her experience as a Congressional staffer, policy strategist, and advocate, she weaves compelling case studies with personal insights to show why these aren't just "other people's problems"-they threaten the foundations of American democracy itself. But RAGEism goes beyond exposing the problem. Dr. Cummings offers a bold vision for Liberation Democracy-a transformative framework for dismantling discriminatory systems and building a society where everyone has the opportunity to thrive. Her roadmap includes a concrete policy framework that could create the conditions for genuine prosperity and security across all communities.

This isn't just analysis-it's a call to action. Whether you're a policymaker, educator, advocate, or concerned citizen, RAGEism will challenge your assumptions about how America works and equip you with the knowledge to help build the democracy we need.

Compassionate Communities in Action: Global Stories of Care, Loss and Connection brings together practical examples of compassionate cities and communities from around the world. Together they provide a practical road map, highlighting what has worked and what has been challenging, alongside reflections from the communities profiled.

Over the past 20 years, hundreds of areas globally have worked to develop compassionate cities and communities, in order to improve death, dying, loss, and caregiving for their residents. This book, designed to support those beginning their journey and those who want to continue to develop existing initiatives, highlights:

• Different models of organisation or structure for a Compassionate Community
• How projects have engaged with wider civic society, including schools, workplaces, and the arts
• Suggestions for reorientating health and care services towards community and well-being
• The role of individual leaders in shaping grassroots activities

Demonstrating public health palliative care in practice, this guide is an essential read for people working in the field of palliative and end-of-life care, as well as academics, students, and policymakers with an interest in the area.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivative Licence CC-BY-NC-ND.

This book presents original research, insight and analysis on innovative methods, theories, topics and issues at the end of life and in death's aftermath. Stemming from the University of Bath's Centre for Death and Society Annual Conference in 2023 and a subsequent special issue of the journal Mortality, it presents contributions from scholars at all stages of their career, from PhD students to internationally renowned professors. The volume provides a rich and diverse array of chapters that cover a range of challenges and opportunities in death and dying in the twenty-first century. This includes, the role of technology and its facilitators, the potential in bringing together different disciplinary perspectives and theories, and novel techniques in engaging people with the topic of death and dying.

Innovation at the End of Life will be a valuable resource for students, researchers, academics, and practitioners across multiple disciplines including sociology, anthropology, psychology, medical humanities, social work, and healthcare studies. It is particularly suited for death studies scholars, thanatologists, healthcare professionals and grief counsellors.

Gangopadhyay defines new categories of motherhood, illustrating how mothers have crafted their own forms of motherhood care and developed the concept of neoliberal motherhood to reflect evolving ideals of motherhood in urban India.

Through in-depth interviews with emerging motherhood identities, such as work-from-home mothers, single mothers and mumpreneurs, this book offers insights into how modern working mothers in India are balancing their aspirations with maternal responsibilities in a neoliberalist, post-pandemic context. The chapters examine COVID-19's impact on women's careers, exploring how mothers are challenging traditional gender norms and creating new care narratives. It also investigates how shifting demographic trends are generating new motherhood ideologies. These narratives address a significant research gap in family sociology and gender studies within the Global South, providing an essential understanding of how working mothers with career commitments influence societal expectations and traditional family care roles.

This is an invaluable resource for scholars, researchers and students of sociology, anthropology and gender studies, as well as policymakers, researchers, practitioners and activists interested in how emerging demographic trends, global health crises and state economic policies shape motherhood identities.

Reproductive Boundaries examines the shifting boundaries of prenatal care in Switzerland, focusing on the Pregnancy Support Center's innovative psychosocial model. By redefining the territory of care, the Center extends its reach beyond the medical domain, exemplifying the reproductivization of life, the increasing organization of various life aspects through a reproductive lens. The book explores how this approach challenges traditional borders between medical and psychosocial care, offering an alternative to Switzerland's heavily medicalized reproductive care. Through ethnographic insights into reproductive talk, it reveals how psychosocial advisors shift the boundaries of reproductive care, balancing support with broader state goals of reproductive governance. Set against Switzerland's history of stratified reproductive policies, the study critically examines how psychosocial care reshapes the landscape of pregnancy, raising questions about surveillance and evolving gender roles. This thought-provoking work invites readers to reconsider the limits and possibilities of care in a fragmented society.

This book is also freely available online as an open access digital edition.

This book examines the profound impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on how people experienced dying, death and bereavement from early 2020 onwards. This interdisciplinary collection draws together international examples rooted in empirical research from death studies scholars to make sense of these impacts. The collection includes a wide range of insights from how personal and societal responses to the pandemic shaped the ways people talked and thought about death, to the provision of palliative and intensive care, and changes in funerary practices. The book demonstrates how social responses to the pandemic shaped death in this historical moment and explores potential lasting legacies, such as altered rituals. Curated from articles originally published in the journal Mortality with a new preface by the editors, this collection showcases why death studies is crucial for understanding not only the COVID-19 pandemic but also future pandemics and mass death events.

This volume will be essential reading for students, scholars, healthcare professionals, public health researchers and grief counsellors in medical anthropology, medical humanities, thanatology, sociology, bereavement studies and palliative care.

The chapters in this book were originally published in Mortality.

This book explores the central role of salt in modern Indian history through eleven specially commissioned essays from an international range of scholars. Down to 1947, the British controlled the production, distribution and sale of salt in India. Salt was taxed, with the burden falling disproportionately on the poor. By the early 20th century, salt yielded the largest revenue of all commodities taxed by the Government of India. When Mohandas Gandhi sought to mobilize the Indian poor against colonial rule in 1930, he chose a march from Ahmedabad to the sea-salt producing coastline of Gujarat as an act of civil disobedience, projecting the Indian struggle for independence to an unprecedented global audience. Using salt as a lens, these essays reconstruct how one of life's necessities remained a central issue of public policy in both colonial and independent India, exploring the entangled histories of colonial state making, economic policies, individual ambitions, legal entanglements, protest and public health.

This volume will be invaluable for students, researchers and scholars interested in South Asian studies, Economic History and Public Policy. The book covers broad subject areas including colonial administration, taxation and revenue systems, civil disobedience movements, economic nationalism, public health policy, and the social and cultural significance of essential commodities in shaping state-society relations in modern India.

The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the Journal of South Asian Studies.

This textbook provides a holistic understanding of health and wellbeing through multicultural concepts and practices in the field. It presents theoretical insights and empirical evidence from both Western and Indian perspectives to uncover various components of health and wellbeing.

This volume elucidates the nature and historical framework of psychological wellbeing, including theoretical foundations, research progress, and examples to provide a better understanding of psychological impacts on health and wellbeing. It emphasizes the need to develop cultural sensitivity to enhance health and wellbeing across cultures and how culture offers pathways to understand ill health and to develop interventions to deal with health issues appropriately. The updated literature review will provide the reader with an insight into the important role that culture plays in the maintenance and sustainability of health and wellbeing.

The use of robust pedagogical features makes this textbook an invaluable companion for students of psychology, social work, public health, and social economics. It will also serve the requirements of students of other behavioral sciences, nursing, healthcare workers, counsellors, social workers, and policymakers across a range of disciplines.

This book addresses the urgent need for AI healthcare insights in a post-pandemic and swiftly progressing world in which the use of advanced health technologies is becoming the norm. It explores the rapidly evolving AI landscape affecting health systems and provides practical, evidence-informed guidance drawn from practice, theory, and research.

Covering a wide range of topics-from digital health technologies to data analytics and interoperability-it offers a thorough examination of advancements in these areas, giving readers a comprehensive understanding of the health sector's transformation. The book goes beyond theory, showcasing practical applications of AI solutions, discussing both advantages and possible disadvantages. Real-world case studies and expert perspectives drawn from recent developments equip readers with actionable insights for implementation in various healthcare settings. With a holistic approach, the book explores not only technological aspects but also ethical considerations, regulatory challenges, and the human impact of digital transformation.

This invaluable resource is essential for academics, practitioners, and policymakers in healthcare management, information systems management, healthcare policy, and public health.

As the first of two companion volumes, this book provides a comprehensive collection of applied linguistics studies on health inclusivity, showcasing empirical research and methodological insights on different languages such as British Sign Language, Chinese, Danish, English, German, Japanese, and Spanish.

The volume presents studies on health inclusivity based on first-hand patient experiences and explores the representation of health and illness across scientific, institutional, and media discourses. It features a wide range of linguistic methodologies and frameworks such as qualitative discourse studies, corpus-based discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, public involvement, narrative analysis, and metaphor analysis, as applied to a variety of contexts and communities. Integrating examples of projects and campaigns that promote inclusive healthcare, the chapters discuss potential practical implications and offer recommendations for applications to Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI).

This is an essential resource for academics working in linguistics and discourse studies applied to healthcare, as well as students seeking deeper insights into how health communication, sociology, and health and social care workers can inform institutional practices and shape policy discussions, and broaden social perspectives of health inclusivity across a global scale.

This book explores how ancient disability and its reception in Classics, Ancient Mediterranean Studies (AMS), and related disciplines are relevant to disabled people today.

Written by disabled and neurodivergent scholars, this book outlines the multifaceted contributions studies of the ancient world can have on contemporary Disability Studies, pedagogy, research, and activism. It addresses how ableism has impacted the disability rights movement, pedagogy, and research in Classics, as well as misconceptions about disability in the ancient world, which remain pervasive across modern scholarship. The volume highlights what Ancient Disability Studies has to offer towards modern disability activism, with studies of disability in the past posing fascinating questions for educators and disability community members today.

This book is suitable for students and scholars in Classics and AMS, Disability Studies, and Museum Studies, as well as teachers and university educators. It will also appeal to disabled people and those interested in pedagogy and disability history.

Articulating a call for justice in the context of global health, this fascinating book responds to the uncertainties, inequalities, and conflicts highlighted through the COVID-19 pandemic by arguing that everyone, no matter where they live, is entitled to at least a basic level of healthcare.

Moreover, this entitlement generates a range of duties that all persons have obligations to fulfil. Grounded in Henry Shue's "basic rights" framework, this book explores what we must do individually and collectively to meet the needs of, and fulfil our responsibilities to, other people. Examining the individual, public, and global health consequences of excluding certain people through a rigid enforcement of narrowly defined group boundaries, it illustrates the uneven global distribution of the vital health goods while highlighting the close epidemiological and economic relationships that exist between even distant persons. This book thus offers both an ethical and deeply practical response to the complex challenges of our increasingly globalised world.

Erudite and important, this is a book that will interest students and scholars across disciplines, from Public Health to Philosophy to Bioethics to International Relations.

Emotional intelligence is a critical skill set that enhances therapeutic relationships, fosters resilience, and improves patient outcomes. This practical book introduces the latest research and links it to health and social care practice, equipping readers with the tools needed to navigate the emotional complexities of care.

Health and social care practitioners frequently engage with individuals in distress, requiring them to interpret nonverbal cues, manage challenging behaviours, and respond with empathy. These abilities, all rooted in emotional intelligence, are essential for fostering meaningful therapeutic relationships and improving patient outcomes. Providing a blend of theory, research, and real-world applications, this book introduces the concept of emotional intelligence and explores how it can support effective communication, clinical decision-making, crisis de-escalation, and trauma-informed care. With contributions from leading experts, it integrates evidence-based strategies, reflective exercises, and case studies to support the cultivation of self-awareness, empathy, and resilience.

Focusing on the role of emotional intelligence in both patient care and practitioner well-being, this book empowers readers to harness emotional intelligence as a transformative force in their practice and career growth. It is an essential resource for students and professionals across mental health, nursing, social work, and allied health.

Mercy in Disaster is about the forgotten nurse in America's signature, iconic photograph of Civil War wounded: abolitionist Abby Hopper Gibbons. Hung in museums large and small, pictured in books, and found across the internet, rarely is what the New York Times called "one of the most remarkable women of this century" identified. More practitioner than pundit, an organizer and social reformer for nearly six decades before the war, Gibbons spent the majority of America's largest crisis at the front or in various hospitals. Mercy in Disaster is the compilation of Gibbons's wartime letters and journals, which are a vivid window on the emerging role of women, medical care, the struggle for freedom by African Americans, and Gibbons's fascinating place in it all. An educated Quaker, Gibbons chronicles her efforts to overcome, avoid, or accommodate the obstacles confronting the women of her time. She responded to the suffering of war, witnessed medical care in evolution, and everywhere abetted the end of chattel slavery through aid and advocacy.

This book explores the critical intersection of contemporary livestock production and some of today's most urgent challenges: the spread of emerging infectious diseases, the sustainability of food systems, and the contested promises of One Health.

It provides insights that cut across disciplines and geographies, from both the social and the natural sciences, reflecting the interdisciplinary aspirations of One Health. Yet, in foregrounding especially cutting edge contributions from ecology and the social sciences, this book addresses the persistent knowledge gap from these fields, which have frequently been neglected in favor of the veterinary sciences. By including contributions from across these fields, the book broadens and critically deepen the conversation around One Health.

The book is intended for a wide interdisciplinary audience of scholars, students, and practitioners concerned with livestock production, public health, and the future of food systems.