経済史・経営史 — 全 下位分類

The Cuban Revolution is on the brink. Hyperinflation, mass migration, and deepening tensions with the United States are recasting the nature-and future-of the political experiment that has transformed Cuba and the Americas since 1959. The crisis born from the Soviet collapse has since become endemic, and the Revolution is now being rewritten from within.

In the streets of Havana, money is fragmenting. And with it, the political grammar of Cuban socialism.

This book offers an ethnographic and theoretical account of how the pluralization of monetary regimes is reshaping that grammar. It approaches Cuba's expanding black market not merely as an economic phenomenon, but as a lived social space, an experimental site of governance, and a catalyst of emergent subjectivities. Tracing three interlocking lines of inquiry-the tension between state-sanctioned labor and informal income as competing moral and political economies; the symbiotic relationship between the expanding non-state sector and illicit exchange networks; and a new economic rationality that redefines socialism along pragmatic rather than paternalistic lines-the study illuminates a transformative moment in which the foundational meanings of money, nation, and revolution are being renegotiated under conditions of radical uncertainty.

This is not a story of decline or rupture. It is an account of the Revolution's ongoing, contested reinvention-one that speaks to broader questions about the fate of socialist projects in a world shaped by crisis, informality, and the schizoid creativity of everyday life.

After several decades of unprecedented growth that turned China into the world's second largest economy, today China is facing major economic challenges, exacerbated by rising tariffs imposed by its most important export market, the United States. How can we explain the extraordinary rise and sudden faltering of China's economic miracle?

Kent Deng takes a long-term view, charting the development of China's economy from the nineteenth century to the present day. He shows that the policies implemented during Mao's rule from the 1950s to the 1970s led to a growth cul-de-sac with major economic disincentives and mass poverty. This forced Mao's successor, Deng Xiaoping, to reform and open up China's economy with a view to unleashing the economic power of the market. The new model developed by Deng Xiaoping combined state-led import dependency with exports in order to catch up with the West, and success in achieving exports depended on a unique combination of cheap labour, cheap land and low environmental protection which, taken together, gave China an absolute advantage in the global market, enabling it to produce goods very cheaply and export them to Western countries where the costs were much higher. But Deng's economic model is now facing increasing resistance from those countries on which China has relied for its export growth. Since 2010, two doors have been closing on China: the door for goods heading for China (vital for China's modernization) and the door for goods coming from China (vital for paying for China's imports). This is likely to end China's hitherto uninterrupted 'import-export combo' loop. The 2025 tariff war between United States and China is only the most recent manifestation of this new state of affairs in the global economy.

Given the headwinds China now faces, and given that many low-income countries have now modelled themselves on China and begun to supply the world market with low-priced goods, China would need an economic miracle to bounce back to its pre-2010 growth trajectory.

Capitalism, Socialism, and Political Economy is a three-volume examination of the ideological, historical, and economic forces shaping global politics in the early twenty-first century. Throughout the volumes, Kui-Wai Li argues that many political dynamics commonly associated with the alt-right have roots in the geopolitical and institutional arrangements formed at the end of World War II. Integrating political trends into economic analysis, these books provide an analytical framework for understanding how competing ideological systems continue to influence global development, institutional behavior, and public sentiment.

Volume I lays the conceptual groundwork by clarifying the distinctions between capitalism and socialism/communism, with particular attention to the historical contexts that shaped these ideologies after 1945. It explores their respective strengths, weaknesses, and core principles while emphasizing the need to differentiate "difference" from "inequality" and to draw clear boundaries between economic and political claims.

Building on this foundation, Volume II applies the framework to contemporary global issues across advanced economies, socialist states, emerging economies, Middle Eastern regions, and newer blocs such as BRICS. Through these cases, the volume analyzes phenomena including Brexit, Trumponomics, cancel culture, and the strategic development models adopted by authoritarian or socialist governments.

Volume III extends the analysis to the politics of fear and sympathy-two themes the author identifies as shaping current debates around climate change, COVID-19, welfare systems, and unauthorized immigration. It further examines how concepts such as freedom, choice, privacy, trade, and investment function within different political-economic systems, including the growing influence of AI on perceptions of autonomy and national strategy. The concluding chapters synthesize insights across the series, offering a comprehensive account of how ideological tensions and institutional constraints continue to structure global political economy.

The shocking story of how a haven for the Lower East Side's Jewish population was destroyed by New York's rapacious real estate interests.

There were few options for Jewish patrons looking for a place to stay or celebrate key life events in turn-of-the-century New York City. To meet this need, entrepreneur Max Bernstein built Libby's Hotel and Baths, a magnificent $3 million, twelve-story luxury palace that towered over the tenements of New York City's gritty yet vibrant Lower East Side from 1926 until 1930. Bernstein's grand hotel was short-lived-it was demolished after falling victim to a predatory mortgage lending scheme and a land grab by corrupt Tammany politicians. The Ritz with a Shvitz illuminates the intrigue that an incestuous web of Tammany officials employed in their scheme to wrest control of Libby's Hotel and a large swath of the bustling neighborhood surrounding it. The rogues' gallery included Joseph Force Crater, the judge who vanished into the night, never to be seen or heard from again. Some historians speculate he was murdered because of his role in the takeover of Libby's Hotel. Bernstein's visionary building was razed and with it the dreams of a new, glamorous, gentrified, Jewish Lower East Side. The Ritz with a Shvitz is a compelling story of dreams and reality, greed and betrayal, corruption and reform and is a microcosm of that era of Tammany's oppressive control of New York City government.

A fascinating window into America's past via one of our favorite foods.

There is no humbler food than bread, none easier to take for granted. So ancient that it shows up in prehistoric sites, bread is still full of surprises. Heirloom grains and artisan loaves fetch top dollar, while home bakers pour their passion into naan and challah, anadama and pistolet.

In this book, award-winning author Andrew Coe provides the definitive history of American bread, from European settlers' introduction to corn through the COVID-era sourdough craze. Each chapter follows an emblematic loaf that connects flour, water, salt, and yeast to the evolving story of American agriculture, industry, immigration, and ideas about health.

Why did supermarket white become America's dominant bread, and how did rustic old-world bagels, ryes, and rolls find their way into our kitchens? Who was the early nineteenth-century dietary reformer who started the whole-grain revolution? Why not knead? An enriching and enlightening cultural chronicle, American Bread answers these questions and more and offers carefully sourced historical recipes to inspire the home baker.

How repair components of machines reconstructed the distribution networks that connected production to consumption globally.

When machines break, entire systems are exposed. Spare Parts tells the global history of replacement components and shows how their absence-or abundance-has shaped warfare, industry, and everyday life in the twentieth century. Philip Scranton traces the production, distribution, and use of spare parts across capitalist, socialist, and postcolonial economies from World War II through the Cold War.

During WWII, parts proved as decisive as fuel or ammunition, determining whether tanks moved, aircraft flew, and factories functioned. In its aftermath, parts shortages became a chronic problem in centrally planned economies, while market societies faced different dilemmas created by rapid technological change, obsolescence, and corporate strategy. Focusing on vehicles, agricultural machinery, and radio and television technologies, Scranton reveals how repair practices differed across political systems. In socialist states, chronic shortages encouraged improvisation, scavenging, and informal exchange. In capitalist economies, parts became tools of profit, control, and planned abandonment, often pushing consumers toward replacement rather than repair. Scranton also follows spare parts beyond the superpowers, examining how postcolonial nations navigated inherited infrastructures and how parts functioned as instruments of geopolitical leverage.

Charting the decline of repair culture in the late twentieth century, as durable vehicles and disposable electronics reshaped expectations about maintenance and longevity, Spare Parts reframes a familiar frustration as a central feature of modern history and offers new insight into technology, power, and the hidden systems that keep the world running.

Throughout the history of football, new leagues have periodically emerged offering high salaries to lure foreign stars - the United States, Japan, and China being prominent examples. Less well known, however, is the case of Colombia. The Colombian professional football league was a brief but remarkable experiment that attracted top South American and European players in the early 1950s, commonly referred to as El Dorado.

Drawing on a wide array of archival material and other primary sources, this book explores how a small, economically underdeveloped country with no established football tradition managed to finance such a high-profile "pirate" league while confronting the international football establishment. It examines the economic and social conditions that made it possible to field world-class players such as Alfredo Di Stefano and Charlie Mitten, and explicitly addresses the domestic and international circumstances that allowed so powerful a league to emerge so far from football's traditional centers of power.

This book also traces the collapse of the league and its lasting ramifications for the history of football in the region. It will be of great interest to readers in sports economics, sports history, economic history, and Latin American studies.

Egypt's central position in the Middle East made it enviable among leading imperialist powers, with competition unfolding across cultural, diplomatic, and economic spheres. Furthermore, the Egyptian case is of exceptional interest within the region because of the interplay of several countries and numerous colonies of foreigners. The Italian community, second in number only to the Greek, was deeply integrated in the Egyptian economy and society, yet existing historiography has largely overlooked the consequences of this multinational coexistence.

This book examines Italian economic initiatives in Egypt from the late nineteenth century to the Second World War, focusing in particular on the banking sector as the cornerstone of Italy's economic strategy, both as a driver of investment and as a key instrument for broader economic expansion. Drawing on largely unpublished banking and diplomatic sources, the book traces the history of Italian banks in Egypt, from the first venture established in Alexandria in 1887 to the arrival of major Italian institutions in the early twentieth century. It explores both the ambitions and failures of Italian economic interests in a rapidly changing international context, exploring relationships between Western powers and Egyptian society during a period when growing nationalism would eventually force Britain to recognize Egyptian independence. It investigates projects by major Italian banks and the resident Italian community, analysing their links with other foreign colonies and the indigenous population.

The book is primarily aimed at business history scholars, particularly those interested in multinational banking and financial history, but will also appeal to readers interested in imperial history, minority communities, and international relations generally.

A history of the ideas behind a device we thought would change everything.

Tablet computers appear commonplace today, yet for decades they represented an ambitious-and often unrealized-vision of personal computing. The Tablet Computer traces the long history of this idea, from early conceptual designs in the 1970s to the consumer devices of the twenty-first century. Elizabeth R. Petrick examines the tablet as a shifting concept shaped by expectations about learning, productivity, accessibility, and human-computer interaction.

Across multiple generations of failed prototypes, partial successes, and rebranded technologies, developers imagined tablets as book-sized, portable, networked computers operated through touch. These visions promised to transform education, support workers of various kinds, and redefine how humans interact with machines-promises that were repeatedly revised or deferred. Approaching the subject through intellectual history, Petrick follows how engineers, designers, corporations, and users debated what a tablet should be, who it was for, and what role it might play in everyday life. Projects such as the Dynabook, personal digital assistants, and early consumer tablets reveal how technological futures are shaped as much by aspiration and failure as by market success.

The Tablet Computer offers a fresh perspective on the history of computing by showing how devices are built from ideas that evolve over time. It will appeal to historians of technology, media scholars, and readers interested in how familiar machines carry the traces of unrealized futures.

How a hulking machine helped build and sustain American democracy in the mid-twentieth century.

For more than a century, the mechanical lever voting machine stood in polling places across the United States. Unwieldy, unloved, and eventually discarded, it rarely attracted admiration. Yet as Bryan Pfaffenberger shows, this "lowly lever" shaped American democracy in profound ways.

Machining the Vote traces the lever machine's rise from the contested elections of the late nineteenth century through its dominance in the twentieth century and its eventual demise in the era of digital voting. Pfaffenberger begins with the political crises that prompted inventors such as bank safe maker Jacob Myers to design a new system combining mechanical innovation with new election laws. He follows the fierce patent battles, corporate struggles, and legal fights that turned the lever machine into a near-national infrastructure, closely intertwined with New York election law and urban machine politics. Voting machines, Pfaffenberger argues, are political artifacts: they embody legal assumptions, administrative procedures, and cultural values. Lever machines promised to eliminate fraud, prevent overvoting, and enforce uniform procedures, because the machines were so transparent; technicians and precinct officials could easily recognize tampering. A former designer of bank vaults during the heyday of daring bank robberies, Myers understood the need to develop a security process capable of identifying exploits. Their gradual replacement by electronic systems-often without equivalent legal and procedural safeguards-set the stage for new controversies, culminating in the turmoil of the 2000 presidential election.

Bringing together political history and science and technology studies, Machining the Vote offers a cultural analysis of how technologies are selected, stabilized, and abandoned. At a moment when election integrity is fiercely debated, this book provides essential historical perspective on how machines-and the laws surrounding them-shape the practice of democracy.

Traces how the calorie became America's way to quantify food, police bodies, and moralize behavior

From packaged foods, to lifestyle magazines, and public health discussions, calories are deeply woven into the fabric of everyday life. Promoted as a neutral scientific unit of measurement, they have come to measure more than food energy: from food value, to health, lifestyle, and even personal conduct.

Inventing the Calorie provides the first comprehensive history of the food calorie in the United States. Spanning the late 1880s to the 1930s, the book traces the calorie's journey through labor disputes, scientific laboratories, wartime rationing, European food aid, and the rise of consumer culture, ending with the emergence of dieting as a popular practice. Nina Mackert explores how the calorie became regarded as not only a unit of measurement, but also a way of creating social differences as it translates to individual bodies and populations. It could address industrial productivity, racial improvement, colonial management, public health, and the anxieties of abundance.

By making food, bodies, and work measurable, the calorie offered a seemingly objective language for negotiating conflicts over the needs of workers, women, Black Americans, and aid recipients. In doing so, the calorie helped define the "consumer citizen" as responsible for managing diet, weight, and health-an ideal that fueled fat shaming and moralized body size while not challenging consumer capitalism. Shedding new light on the history of one of the most popular tools for dieting, Inventing the Calorie reveals how one small number transformed the way Americans think about food, bodies, health and citizenship, and why its legacy still shapes our most personal choices today.

This book examines merchant networks from the unique perspective of moving backward in time from a specific outcome-the founding of an American commission house in Brazil in the early 1800s-to uncover a century-and-a-half's worth of the transnational networking that led to its existence.

Individuals, their networks, and the times in which they lived constitute this study's methodological framework. Navigating complex genealogical pathways along four generations of a Huguenot family, originally of Chatellerault, reveals a continuity of long-distance, private merchant networks based primarily, but not exclusively, on kinship connections among diasporic Huguenot, Walloon, Flemish, Dutch, and German Calvinists, and notably symbiotic interactions with Portuguese Jews. This saga features many other Atlantic world locations including London, Amsterdam, Antwerp, Lisbon, Hamburg, Bremen, New York, and Pernambuco. The Pernambuco firm constituted an early fixed platform for New York, New England, and Mid-Atlantic merchants to access Brazilian markets. Concurrently, other American houses at Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo, and Buenos Aires collaboratively networked to promote common interests. Revealing these evolving connections adds to our relatively insufficient knowledge of the Western Hemisphere's role in globalization processes.

This volume is for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates, and scholars interested in merchant networks, globalization processes, and Atlantic world connectivities.

From the cotton boll to the Cotton Bowl in modern American culture

There are few places on earth as thoroughly identified with a crop as the American South is with cotton. Burgundy is known for wine, and Java has coffee. In the South, for most of its history, cotton was king. Through much of the twentieth century, cotton cultivation determined nearly every aspect of life in the region. In Bale After Bale, leading historians and cultural critics offer multifaceted examinations and multimedia approaches to understanding the place of cotton in the twentieth-century South.

The essays in this collection examine the history of the hands that picked and processed cotton, the communities who celebrated cotton, the unions who organized cotton workers, the connections between cotton farmers in the South and banana farmers in Latin America, the portrayal of cotton in Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha County, the poems and songs of the boll weevil, the role of cotton in blues music, the depiction of cotton on the silver screen, and the memories of people displaced by mechanical cotton pickers. As these essays demonstrate, understanding the nature of cotton's persistence into the twentieth century and the decline of the cotton economy are crucial to understanding the contemporary South and today's United States.

Tracing the bankruptcies and subsequent financial receiverships of Mediterranean countries, this book examines sovereign debt crises during the classical era of imperialism leading up to the First World War.

Focusing on the Ottoman Empire, Egypt, Tunisia, and Greece, this book aims to highlight the political, diplomatic, and economic history of public debt management and the operation of international financial commissions in countries situated on the semi-periphery of the capitalist world economy. The speculative activities of numerous local and international banks and financiers, the aggressive imperial expansion of the Great Powers, and the reliance of many Mediterranean states on European capital markets - combined with the mismanagement and misadministration of foreign capital inflows - generated severe financial defaults. These crises, in turn, paved the way for European intervention and the establishment of foreign-controlled international administrations in defaulting countries. Within this broader Mediterranean context, embedded in the dynamics of the global financial system, European powers and capitalist elites were able to leverage credit and debt to advance invasive political and financial interventions characteristic of imperialist domination.

This book will be of interest to readers of studies of global capitalism, imperial history, and modern Middle Eastern and European history more broadly.

Exploring medieval economy through its artifacts, this book presents 50 object biographies that illuminate daily life, economic ethics, production, trade, and finance, offering a tangible perspective on the systems of the long medieval period.

Combining the expertise of three historians and an archaeologist, this book bridges abstract theory with the material realities of the past. This volume examines fifty diverse artifacts, including tally sticks, tools, glassware, and coins, to provide a human-centered understanding of the commercial revolution, agricultural innovations, and the emergence of a consumer society between 500 and 1600. The content is organized into five parts, focusing on economic thought, production, distribution, finance, and everyday life. Empowering students to integrate material culture as a crucial primary source, the book reveals the evolving mentalities and innovative practices that shaped medieval economic behaviour and laid the foundations of our modern world.

Encounters: Medieval Economy in 50 Objects is written for a broad audience, including undergraduate and postgraduate students in history, archaeology, and art history who are seeking a tangible, source-based approach to medieval economy. It is an essential resource for instructors looking for a modular, object-oriented teaching tool that connects material culture with economic theory, providing a refreshing alternative to traditional text-heavy histories. Museum professionals, heritage specialists, and history enthusiasts will also find its accessible narrative and focus on "object biographies" invaluable for contextualizing collections and understanding how everyday items drove the transition to a modern consumer society.