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This book presents a comprehensive history of the political economy of Cuba from 1492 to the present day. It chronologically analyses the major economic, social and political transformations that have occurred in Cuba and explores the impact on the country's development over the long run.

The first section analyses the period from 1492 to 1898, from colonial conquest to the war of independence. The next two sections cover the history of Cuba's economy and society up to the end of the twentieth century, examining in detail US imperialist domination, guerrilla warfare (1956-1958) and the Cuban Revolution from 1959 to the fall of the Soviet Union in 1990-1991. The final part analyses Cuba's economy and society in transition up to the present day. Written in a comprehensive academic style while maintaining a focus on the perspectives and experience of ordinary citizens throughout, the book will be of interest to a wide readership including scholars of economic history, political and social history, development economics and political economy.

In recent decades the study of the ancient economy and ancient warfare have both been transformed by ground-breaking new studies and methodological approaches. Offering a selection of cutting-edge research on the interlocked themes of economics and war, this edited volume explores how armed conflict affected markets and economic opportunities in ancient Greece. From the destruction of cities to the emergence of new fiscal institutions, war prompted massive changes to economic conditions throughout the ancient Mediterranean and beyond - some with lasting consequences for the organisation of states and armies.

The contributors look beyond the old paradigms of finance and logistics, and broaden the discussion to address themes such as gender, literary culture and the Persian Empire. More specifically, they analyse how ancient rulers and states struggled to mobilise resources and what they did to tackle fiscal challenges to wage war more efficiently, thereby demonstrating how matters of war can be an invaluable source of information on the way ancient economies worked and developed. As a result, this book shows how the study of economic factors - too often neglected in works on ancient warfare - allows a deeper understanding of military cultures and events in ancient Greece.

This book investigates the historical, political, and economic circumstances of the world's smallest economies as key determinants influencing their economic growth and development. A historical survey of the global economy provides an introduction to the history of the world's smallest economies, which are examined based on their shared historical characteristics (colonialism, socialism and independence). In addition to historical factors, the reasons are sought in the political systems, especially the political regimes of the countries under study, as well as in the intensity of their integration with the global economy through membership in international organisations. The majority of the book is dedicated to economic aspects, which have been studied for nearly fifty years. This includes an investigation into the factors influencing GDP and GDP per capita fluctuations across all countries. To assess levels of socio-economic development and quality of life, the Human Development Index was employed as a means of assessment.

This book is addressed to students and scholars engaged in research or with an interest in economic history, political systems, international relations, and the growth and economic development of the world's 93 smallest economies, generating 1% of global GDP.

This book provides an overview of American aviation from 1903 to 1941, covering major developments in aviation technology. It focuses on the role of the military and selected firms. Under the fiscal constraints imposed by the post-war military drawdown and the Great Depression, the US military sacrificed quantity aircraft procurement for gains in quality. Until foreign powers began huge rearmament programs, US military aircraft were some of the most advanced in the world. They held numerous international performance records before the US fell behind other powers that had gone on a war footing. It offers new insights into the contributions of immigrants and foreign technologies to American aviation, while examining the relationship between the government and the aviation industry. It also highlights factors that enabled America to field some of the war's most advanced warplanes, which ultimately helped win the Second World War.

The second edition of this successful and pioneering textbook takes a thematic approach to the subject, resulting in a comprehensive understanding of the historic development of economic issues in the United States. It provides both the theoretical foundations and historical background needed to gain an in-depth understanding of the American economy. Every chapter examines a specific topic, and the chapters are linked to each other to provide an overall view and to help students link events from the past to the modern day. The chronological approach is represented with a useful timeline as an appendix to show where the specific topics fit in the chronology. Chapter topics include: long-run causes of economic growth; economic history of income and wealth inequality; slavery, segregation, and discrimination; immigration and immigration policies; and an economic history of recessions and depressions.

New to this edition:

- New Part structure to organise the content around the specific themes that exist in the book (these are: economic growth, distributional issues, economic fluctuations and the relationship between markets and government)
- A new appendix introducing multiple regression theory, helping students to understand the most commonly used empirical tool in the economic sector.
- New Tour of the Book to enable instructors to see the key features at a glance
- New content on:
* The economic impact of Covid and comparisons with the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918-1919
* The technology and service sectors
* The impact of new ways of working (e.g. gig economy; digital transformation)
- Updated coverage of:
* The financial system
* Supply chain and logistics
* The Great Depression and the New Deal
* Native American economic experience
- Increased reference and inclusion of empirical data and economic theory
- New feature 'Making Connections' to help students connect the past with the present
- New feature 'Debating' offers two opposing viewpoints on a topic to encourage students to consider alternative perspectives
- New online resources: a companion website resources for instructors, including PowerPoints, additional end of chapter review questions and multiple choice questions with corresponding answers.

During the final stages of Prohibition, the US government allowed the consumption and sale of "non-intoxicating" beer, which was at or below 3.2% alcohol-by-weight. Beer's return-permitted with an eye toward job creation during the Great Depression-was one of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's earliest New Deal policies. In this book, economic historian Jason E. Taylor takes readers through the rapid resurgence of American breweries and shows how beer helped spark a sharp recovery in the spring of 1933.

Taylor begins with stories of how the nation's 1,400 breweries were decimated by the onset of Prohibition in 1920. He then turns to the frothy debates that led Congress to declare 3.2 beer "non-intoxicating," and hence allowable under Prohibition. While April 7th is now celebrated as "National Beer Day," the original April 7th-when legal beer returned after more than 13 years away-brought raucous scenes that make today's Mardi Gras festivities seem tame by comparison.

The Brew Deal shares stories of breweries, people, politics, perseverance, and the various roles that 3.2 beer has played in the evolving American beer scene.

During his presidency, FDR led the American public to believe that the US government could set policy that would transform the economy. This book argues that this assumption, which ultimately became embedded into the general American psyche, has impacted our economy today in more ways than one.

Robert E. Wright breaks down the negative societal impact of the New Deal throughout this book. The chapters highlight the lasting influence of these policies, providing new perspectives and never-before-seen archival research related to FDR's policies. The book provides insight into how assumptions of governmental intervention in the economy have shifted the direction of the economy over time. It also dives into socioeconomic topics related to social justice, critiquing the New Deal in its original and historical contexts.

Wright brings a long-term public-choice perspective to the New Deal, providing interdisciplinary insights into socioeconomic topics such as gender, race, and climate. The resulting book is ideal for those interested in economics, American history, law, and policy.

Economic history has always emphasized the importance of long-distance trade in the emergence of modern financial markets, yet almost nothing is known about the Manila trade. This book offers the first reconstruction of the capital market of Manila using new archival sources that have never been used in the economic history of Pacific trade.

The book explains how trade between Asia and Spanish America across the Pacific, which lasted for 250 years (1571 - 1815) was financed from the city of Manila.The book analyses the political economy and institutional structures of the Manila capital market in the context of the global silver trade, as well as addressing key similarities and differences with European trade routes and differing approaches to colonialism and commerce in Asian waters. It traces how the Manila capital market emerged in a bottom-up process with a redistributive aspect that tied the interests of citizens with the fortunes of trade, using institutions familiar to the public like legacy funds, brotherhoods and lay religious orders to pool liquidity, originate working capital, and internalise the risk of loss at sea. It challenges the notion that there is a normative model for the development of capital markets and introduces an industrial organisation analysis to the broader structure of Early Modern trade in the Spanish Empire. Sitting at the intersection of economic and financial history, global history, imperial history and political economy, this book will be a cutting-edge and valuable resource for a broad range of scholars.

A fascinating history of how the automotive industry and consumers battled to define what women wanted in a car.

Since the commercial introduction of the automobile, US automakers have always sought women as customers and advertised accordingly. How, then, did car culture become so masculine? In Pink Cars and Pocketbooks, Jessica Brockmole shares the untold history of women's relationship with automobiles: a journey marked by struggle, empowerment, and the relentless pursuit of independence.

This groundbreaking work explores the evolution of women's automotive participation and the cultural shifts that have redefined their roles as drivers, mechanics, and consumers. Brockmole traces the rise of gendered marketing of automobiles over the course of the twentieth century. Auto companies created ads that conformed to commonly held ideas about women's relationships with automobiles. As the century progressed, marketing to women became less informative and even more gendered: the automotive industry portrayed women as passengers, props, or reluctant drivers, interested primarily in aesthetics. And yet, by the 1970s, female drivers were communicating directly with each other, forming clubs, and teaching each other through women-focused repair manuals.

By examining market research studies, advertising archives, trade journals, women's magazines, newspapers, driving handbooks, and repair manuals, this book shows how women bought their way into the automobile and masculine car culture. Brockmole uncovers the stories of pioneering women who defied conventions, such as trailblazer Alice Ramsey, the first woman to drive across the United States in 1909, and Barb Wyatt, whose contributions to automotive manuals broke new ground. Women have always been users of technology, and this book illustrates how the auto industry evolved-as well as how it chose not to evolve-in response.

A sweeping new history of the changing meaning of work in the United States, from Horatio Alger to Instagram influencers.

How Americans think about work changed profoundly over the course of the twentieth century. Thrift and persistence came to seem old-fashioned. Successful workers were increasingly expected to show initiative and enthusiasm for change-not just to do their jobs reliably but to create new opportunities for themselves and for others. Our culture of work today is more demanding than ever, even though workers haven't seen commensurate rewards.

Make Your Own Job explains how this entrepreneurial work ethic took hold, from its origins in late nineteenth-century success literature to the gig economy of today, sweeping in strange bedfellows: Marcus Garvey and Henry Ford, Avon ladies and New Age hippies. Business schools and consultants exhorted managers to cultivate the entrepreneurial spirit in their subordinates, while an industry of self-help authors synthesized new ideas from psychology into a vision of work as "self-realization." Policy experts embraced the new ethic as a remedy for urban and Third World poverty. Every social group and political tendency, it seems, has had its own exemplary entrepreneurs.

Historian Erik Baker argues that the entrepreneurial work ethic has given meaning to work in a world where employment is ever more precarious--and in doing so, has helped legitimize a society of mounting economic insecurity and inequality. From the advent of corporate capitalism in the Gilded Age to the economic stagnation of recent decades, Americans have become accustomed to the reality that today's job may be gone tomorrow. Where work is hard to find and older nostrums about diligent effort fall flat, the advice to "make your own job" keeps hope alive.

How medieval and Renaissance technology shaped Mediterranean and European society across a millennium.

In Technology in Mediterranean and European Lands, 600-1600, Pamela O. Long explores the intricate web of technological advancements that shaped Mediterranean and European societies during the medieval and early modern periods. From the essential crafts of ploughing and tailoring to the sophisticated hydraulic systems and monumental building constructions, Long illuminates how ordinary people harnessed and transformed their world.

Drawing on recent scholarship on environmental history and the history of technology-as well as materials, object biographies, and the circulation of objects-Long examines the circulation of ideas and technologies in Europe and the Mediterranean. The book covers the evolution of food production, transportation, and communication, as well as the crafting of pottery, weapons, and machines. This in-depth historical analysis shows how these technological advancements had profound social and economic impacts on everyday life. Long's meticulous research and engaging narrative bring to light the interconnectedness of various crafts and their contributions to the broader tapestry of human history.

By integrating archaeological findings, historical texts, and modern scientific methods, the book offers an interdisciplinary perspective on the technological practices of the pre-modern world. Perfect for scholars, students, and history enthusiasts, Technology in Mediterranean and European Lands, 600-1600 emphasizes the ingenuity and resilience of past civilizations and the enduring legacy of technological innovation.

How a distinctly American way of thinking about energy shaped US culture and society from the Progressive Era to the atomic bomb.

In Moral Energy in America, Rebecca K. Wright offers an illuminating exploration of how the concept of energy shaped American thought, culture, and politics throughout the first half of the twentieth century. This essential history traces how politicians, sociologists, geographers, urban planners, economists, and intellectuals adopted the idea of energy to bolster their social programs and visions of the future through distinctive energy imaginaries.

Energy was not a stable concept in the period, and it appealed to writers and advocates across the political and cultural spectrum. While medical practitioners and social workers interwove energy into discussions of race, immigration, youth, and crime, mainstream political campaigns appealed to the public by drawing energy into political rhetoric. Wright positions energy at the heart of key intellectual debates of the period, such as the Bourne-Dewey confrontation over America's role in World War I and the rise of technocratic ideas that envisioned energy as a new metric for societal progress.

In a thirty-year era that shook the foundations of American democracy-a period punctuated by the Great Depression, the rise of communism and fascism abroad, two world wars, and the atomic bomb-energy became a key metaphor through which to understand major transformations in American society. Wright demonstrates how energy's many meanings transcended material and scientific definitions to influence everything from racial theories to economic policies, and ultimately played a pivotal role in molding the American moral landscape.

A history of the dynamic role of coal in the energy landscape of the United States during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

In The Rise and Fall of King Coal, Mark Aldrich explores the pivotal role of coal in the historical energy landscape of the United States. Meticulously researched and clearly written, this analysis of the rise, dominance, and eventual decline of coal as a primary fuel source traces its evolution from the late eighteenth century to the mid-twentieth century.

Aldrich explains the factors that contributed to coal's ascendancy and decline, including efficiency, marketing, and the technological advancements that facilitated both its widespread adoption and later languishing. A complex interplay among market forces, government policies, and societal attitudes profoundly shaped the coal industry's trajectory. Challenges and controversies have surrounded the production of coal since its inception, including labor issues, environmental concerns, and resource scarcity. Aldrich's comprehensive approach-which combines historical analysis, economic perspectives, and a deep appreciation for the technological and scientific advancements that transformed the energy landscape-also emphasizes the role of innovation and entrepreneurship in driving energy transitions.

By providing a bottom-up history that underscores the pivotal role of individual choices and market dynamics, The Rise and Fall of King Coal offers valuable insights into the dynamic nature of energy transitions. In lively discussions of domestic cooking and heating, Aldrich emphasizes the importance of women in shaping households' energy choices, and he gives voice to individual women and men as they describe how these decisions raised their standard of living. This book represents a seminal contribution to the field of energy history and highlights the complex interplay of factors that have shaped the evolution of energy use in the United States.

The concept of a "megamachine" - a closed system operating to a pre-established utilitarian purpose which results in the machinisation of humanity - has existed in various forms since at least the late 19th century.

This book builds on previous attempts to define and analyse the machine and argues that modern industrial capitalism is at the heart of it. The first part of the book takes stock of previous attempts to explain the origin and nature of the Megamachine phenomenon, from Nietzsche to the 21st century, including Mumford, Latouche and Scheidler. The second part of the book proposes a new analysis of the nature of the Megamachine, beginning with a historical, sociological and political exploration of the development of modern capitalism from the Middle Ages to the present day. It is shown that the modern world is under the yoke of accounting and corporate laws which ratify, on an international scale, the systematic protection of financial capital to the detriment of natural and human capitals: a Megamachine of accountants and managers. Defeating the machine will require more than minor reforms such as carbon pricing and integrated reporting: it will be necessary to initiate a programme of cooperation, education and economic policy reorientation on a global scale.

This vital book on the crisis of capitalism, the concept of the Megamachine and the future of global society will be of great interest to readers across the social sciences and humanities.

Historically, commerce has existed in Assam in different forms. In the late medieval and early modern times, Assam had trading connections with neighbouring areas of Bhutan, Tibet, Bengal and Myanmar (Burma). This book is about the commercial activities in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in and around Assam. It looks at colonial Assam's economy, its traders, mercantile communities, riverine trade and transportation and bazaars and examines the use of resources by the colonial regime. The book also explores the unique ecology of the region and the role it played in defining Assam's place in the global economy.

Rich in archival resources, this book fills a major gap in the historiography of Northeast India and will be indispensable for scholars and researchers of Northeast India, colonial history, economic history, trade and commerce, cultural history, Indian history, South Asian history and history in general.

This book explains how Amsterdam financiers played a much more important role in financing the Louisiana Cession than they are credited for. Drawing on hitherto overlooked Dutch archival sources, alongside American, French and British archival sources, this book shows that in 1803 the international financial order was not yet centered on London, but that the financing of the Louisiana Cession initiated a shift of this order from Dutch to British firms, which would become more apparent after the Napoleonic Wars.

This book examines the strategies and operations of the two main banking houses, Hope & Co. of Amsterdam and Francis Baring & Co. of London, involved in financing the cession of this territory from France to the United States. This book advances the scholarship not just on the Louisiana Cession, but also on international finance, the financial "sinews" of state power, Great Power diplomacy, the Atlantic Revolutions, and the Napoleonic Wars. It will be of interest to researchers and advanced students in all of these fields, at the intersection of history, politics, and economics.