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Taking North America as its focus, this book offers a comprehensive exploration of humanity's evolving relationship with energy.

As humans have sought to live and develop the North American continent, energy from Earth's basic elements has served as the raw material for living. Through its chronological approach and critical case studies, the volume examines how the search for and harvest and use of energy have shaped human history, from colonial empire-building to contemporary debates on sustainability and climate change. By analyzing diverse energy sources, including sail power, coal, crude oil, wind, solar, electricity, and nuclear power, the book reveals how industrialization transformed energy consumption and demand, driving political, social, and environmental change. It connects energy history to major political and environmental themes, such as water politics, post-1990s Alberta pipeline debates, the war in Ukraine, and climate change, highlighting how energy has been both a unifying force and a source of division among diverse peoples, shaping global power dynamics and regional histories.

Designed for students of environmental history and energy studies, this text synthesizes this important history whilst offering insights into the challenges and opportunities of the twenty-first century.

Oil redefined Texas in the twentieth century. During the nineteenth century, Texans had won their independence from Mexico, joined fellow Southerners in losing the Civil War, and made a great economic recovery with cattle and cotton. All of that provided more than enough history to give Texas a distinct image in the eyes of many observers. Then Spindletop exploded in 1901, flooding the surrounding landscape with barrels of black gold. Other drillers found glory and profit in the Lone Star State, and by 1927 Texas led the United States in oil production. Texans also profited greatly from natural gas, refining, pipelines, petrochemicals, and other oil-related enterprises, all of which redefined not just the Texas economy, but also its politics and society. This can clearly be seen in articles that have appeared in the Southwestern Historical Quarterly, the oldest continuously published academic journal in the United States. This volume includes seventeen selections on oil and gas history from the Quarterly, providing a broad perspective on its evolution and impact.

Entrepreneurship in aviation took flight during the 1920s, though at the beginning of the decade it was struggling for survival. After World War I, the market was oversaturated with war surplus airplanes, commercial transport a mere dream, and, with no laws or regulations on air travel, aviation lacked investors. Clement M. Keys, a Canadian-born business reporter for the Wall Street Journal and editor of The World's Work, realized that aviation must be treated as a business to benefit national defense, commerce, and transportation. In Aviation as a Business: Clement M. Keys and the Formation of the American Aviation Industry, author Edward M. Young shows how Keys (a former investment banker) rescued the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Corporation from bankruptcy, culminating in the merger that created the Curtiss-Wright Corporation. It became one of the largest aviation groups in America-with interests spanning the manufacture of military and commercial airplanes, aviation exports, air services, and finance-over a remarkable ten years with Keys's guidance.

Keys was actively involved in organizing what would become three of the largest airlines in America: National Air Transport, precursor of United Airlines; Transcontinental Air Transport, the first transcontinental passenger airline and precursor of TWA; and Eastern Air Transport, which became Eastern Airlines. He also pushed for foundational aviation laws such as the 1926 Air Commerce Act. Despite Keys's influential career, his achievements have received little attention or study. Young's definitive biography of Clement M. Keys adds valuable layers to our understanding of the development of the American aviation industry, allowing him to take his place alongside more well-known innovators.

Trajectories of Development: Odisha@100 offers a comprehensive, interdisciplinary and interpretative analysis of Odisha's tryst with the economic, social and governance challenges through policy and parastatal initiatives since the state's formation in 1936 to the present day. Positioned within the global debates on uneven regional growth, the volume examines Odisha's recent economic resurgence while probing its distributional, ecological and social implications.

The book traces the Indian state's historical antecedents-marked by colonial exploitation and disparate functioning of the myriad princely states-and its transformation into a formally unified subnational entity. Sector-specific chapters analyse agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and services, complemented by district-level insights. The volume explores developments in education, health, and demography, and examines possibilities of emerging frontiers of tourism, and tribal economy. Additional chapters assess poverty, unemployment, food security, fiscal management, disaster governance, neglect of natural resources, displacement, distress migration, unfolding of media, and roles of private and civil society actors.

This volume will benefit scholars of development studies, economics, political economy, regional planning, and public policy, as well as practitioners and administrators of development. Readers will gain a nuanced, empirically grounded understanding of Odisha's developmental journey and a forward-looking roadmap as the state approaches its centenary in 2036.

This book analyses how preindustrial monetary practices functioned, focusing on Europe and some selected colonial areas between the fourteenth and twentieth centuries. It explores the major contexts in which monetary circulation operated and provides a fascinating range of case studies from experts in the field.

A primary context for this edited volume is the raft of challenges associated with cash in the preindustrial period. Covering issues such as the slow circulation of coins, the risk of debasement, clipping, the first proto currency, and parallel circulation of several currencies, the book offers insight into the ways in which people dealt with the need to transact and exchange payment. It focuses on cash-equivalent goods and commodity currencies as well as traditional cash methods, looking at the physical development of money as well as exploring the structure of payment methods and financial systems in past societies.

Grounded in extensive archival research, chapters use a range of sources such as notary deeds, wills, rent-books, expenditure accounts and public ledgers to analyse the dynamics of circulation and transaction in various settings, from the city to the countryside, regional to international contexts, and different European states. This will be highly valuable reading for scholars interested in financial and monetary history.

Examined by Mr. Li Yining himself, the forty articles included in this book present a panorama of the forty years since China adopted the reform and opening-up policy. The issues range from the reform of the Chinese economic system to the challenges and chances encountered in this process, from China's agricultural and industrial reform to education and management closely related to economy. A crystallization of Mr. Li's thesis during the past four decades, the book sheds light on future economic reform and development in the country.

This book provides the first comprehensive examination of household auctions as the key mechanism for recirculating household goods through the 18th and early 19th century. Sara Pennell and Jon Stobart contextualise and historicise the importance of used goods to consumer choices, experiences and identities. They tell the stories of the people and things, as well as the broader processes, practices and attitudes that were bound up in the commercial recirculation of used goods through auctions.

Auctions and the Consumption of Used Goods in Georgian England rebalances the historiography of second-hand consumption - currently dominated by used clothing and the sale of books, art and antiques - and brings second-hand into the mainstream of household consumption. It also explodes the twin myths that second-hand was the last resort of the poor and that it declined rapidly as Britain industrialised and the supply of new consumer goods increased. The book demonstrates that consumer motivations were far more complex than simple financial necessity and household auctions did not fade to the margins; they remained an important part of how households acquired a wide variety of goods and fulfilled a variety of consumer needs.

In an era defined by profound political, economic, and cultural upheaval-termed the "polycrisis"-this book tackles one of the most pressing ethical-political issues of our time: the stalemate in collective action aimed at promoting solidarity and common goods. Through a broadly transdisciplinary approach, the author draws on the full spectrum of social-economic and cultural-historical sciences to explore the conditions for the possible, albeit challenging, success of such collective efforts.

This comprehensive analysis is enriched with a wealth of documentary evidence and rigorous quantitative evaluations conducted by the author, engaging in dialogue with the vast contemporary literature on the subject.

This book is an essential read for scholars, policymakers, and anyone interested in understanding the complex dynamics of collective action in today's interconnected world.

A radical history of technology told through acts of resistance, not progress

The history of technology is often told as a history of progress, moving optimistically and inevitably from one emancipatory invention to the next. Techno-Negative turns this story on its head, taking us on a journey to the critical junctures where people have pointedly rejected and tried to undo, rather than adopt, new technologies. Beginning with Archimedes's decision to destroy his own war machines, this book explores the will to negate technology as a deep - but persistently condemned - current in history.

As he presents a new theory of technological power, Thomas Dekeyser argues that technologies, never neutral, operate as "ontological policing," drawing the boundaries of humanness as they are unequally leveraged by select groups. Looking beyond the Luddites to medieval monks banning tools, seventeenth-century loom burners, revolutionary lantern smashers, and computer arsonists, Dekeyser shows how people have long recognized and resisted the machine as a violent, sometimes deadly force implicated in defining who counts as human and whose lives (and ways of life) are worth saving.

Against the ubiquitous demands to reform or accelerate technological "advancement" that have failed to disrupt our present, Dekeyser proposes a spirited alternative: abolition. He challenges us to rethink the terms of our technological present and future. In a time when Big Tech grows increasingly enmeshed with authoritarian control, Techno-Negative is a conceptual declaration, and source of inspiration, for those searching for a new paradigm of technological politics.

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Discover how past climatic events have shaped economic, political, and social structures.

This book discusses the effects of climate change on major historical junctures, including: the evolution of our species to anatomically modern humans, human dispersal from the cradle of humanity, the peopling of our world over time, the transition to sedentary life, the introduction of farming, the collapse of complex societies, the demise of civilizations, the decline of kingdoms and empires, the outbreak of conflicts, and the spread of infectious diseases. Historical episodes explored include the evolution of hominins, human migration patterns, the development of agriculture, and the rise and fall of civilizations especially during the 4.2 ka event, the Late Bronze Age Crisis, and the Little Ice Age. Blending theoretical perspectives and evidence from multiple disciplines, the book examines how climate anomalies have led to societal changes.

Exploring the interplay between climate and economies, Climate Change, Economic Channels, and Historical Junctures amplifies the connections between climate change and human history. Throughout the book, economist Sherif Khalifa emphasizes the economic consequences of climate change, offering unique insights into how environmental factors have driven historical outcomes. Chapters underscore the significance of understanding these historical patterns to predict-and mitigate-potential future impacts of ongoing climate change.

Food and Gender: Making the Modern World argues that food and gender sit at the center of human experience, and that using this lens shifts the markers of modernity away from traditional perspectives that emphasize war, political states, and the global economy, that exclude and marginalize women or that trivialize the study of foodways, to create a new periodization for modern world history.

The volume emphasizes features that are usually sidelined, such as changes in household organization, home cooking, female labor, and the family, sexuality and childrearing as among the most powerful forces at the heart of modern history and centers the history of foodways within this. Taking a narrative that considers feminist perspectives as well as tracing the impact of "masculinities," the volume restores female agency to the "food in world history" story. Chapters trace themes that look at the embodied history of foodways, focusing on aspects such as the role of accumulation and exchange, desire and power, and revolution and conflict. They also address the impact of migration, technology, and "difference." Together these thematic explorations show how contemporary patterns of abundance and scarcity were created over time. Candice Goucher also shows how the relationships between gender and food have served as markers of cultural, racial, social, national, and sexual identities and thus reflect the differences and disparities that have shaped our common history. The book explores the major themes of world history and puts women, gender, and foodways at their center.

With different global examples for each theme, and many illustrations and photographs, this is the perfect guide for anyone wanting to find out about the gendered implications of the history of food.

Although historians have given considerable attention to the American Revolution, the agricultural history of the American War for Independence exists only in pieces found in scattered articles and passing references in various books dealing with the war. Nonagricultural historians have ignored it or treated it almost as an aside and unworthy of analysis, even when it is related to other war topics. Yet, the revolution had profound effects on American agriculture during the war and after.

The Country People brings the many pieces of this story together in a synthesis that provides an overview of agriculture during the American Revolution-from 1774 until signing of the Peace of Paris on September 3, 1783. In so doing, preeminent agricultural historian R. Douglas Hurt asks (and answers) three essential questions: What did farmers do in their daily lives during the revolutionary years from 1774 to 1783? How did the war affect farmers and planters, and how did they influence the war? And what were the consequences of the war on American agriculture?

Italian merchants played a pivotal role in the international trade of England and the Low Countries during the late Middle Ages. While the field is well established, the examination of a vast array of Italian business sources kept in private and public archives offers important new insights.

The ten studies in this volume (two published in English for the first time) reveal previously unknown sources. These are used to examine the role and activity of Italians in London and Bruges. Most of the volume is devoted to the Italian communities in England, many of whom were merchants. They are discussed not only for the role they played in English foreign trade but also for their model of settlement, their relationship with the local population and for the institutions they established. Given the near absence of surviving English business records prior to 1500, this book also provides valuable material for those interested in English mercantile activity. Many indigenous merchants feature in the financial accounts of Italian banks.

Italian Merchant Bankers in North-Western Europe in the Late Middle Ages will be of value to economic historians of England and the Low Countries, and, more broadly, to students and scholars interested in late medieval trade and finance.

An absorbing portrait of Edmond de Rothschild, who defied his class to help build a nation-and found his identity in the process

Edmond de Rothschild (1845-1934) was born into one of the wealthiest families in history, but his legacy lies beyond banking, art, and aristocratic privilege. In this compelling biography, award-winning historian and journalist James McAuley tells the story of a man who defied his elite world to support a radical cause: the creation of a Jewish homeland.

Drawing on rare access to archives-including Rothschild's own long-lost memoir-McAuley reveals how and why this reserved French aesthete became a driving force in the early Zionist settlement of Palestine. Rothschild's journey from the salons of Paris to the fields of Eretz Israel is a tale of emotional awakening, political conviction, and personal transformation-of a man's search for a cause and discovery of himself.

By 1865, more than 750,000 enslaved Africans had arrived in Cuba, making it the leading Spanish American slave colony and the epicenter of slavery in the Atlantic. At the height of the global tobacco economy, tens of thousands of these slaves labored in Pinar del Rio, Cuba-a region devoted exclusively to tobacco cultivation. These enslaved people were responsible for exporting a record fourteen million pounds of raw tobacco per year, leaving one contemporary writer to argue that no agricultural economy produced more value, in proportion to the capital and labor employed, than tobacco. While tobacco was second only to sugar in export significance and in the number of rural enslaved, tobacco was unequivocally as dependent on enslaved labor as the more infamous export. Despite Cuba being one of the first-introduced and last-abolished slave societies in the Atlantic world, this slave economy remains largely ignored, existing outside the considerable and recent scholarship on the region.

Cuban Tobacco in the Age of Second Slavery directly refutes the myth of tobacco as a small-scale, family, and free-labor crop promoted by both contemporary and current scholarship. It also rejects the prevailing use of sugar as the model for epitomizing Cuban slavery-a paradigm that obscures the full measure of diversity in this region and era. Arguing tobacco was more counterpart than counterpoint to sugar, Cuban Tobacco in the Age of Second Slavery focuses on the development of tobacco as a plantation economy-and the exponential increase in forced labor supporting it-to suggest an alternative narrative in understanding both Cuban and Atlantic slavery in this period.

This book analyzes and provokes thoughtful discussion about the ways in which the collapse of the American economy in 1929 and 1930 contributed to the onset of a global depression that caused widespread suffering, political instability, and grassroots organizing.

In the US, the decade-long Great Depression called into question the viability of capitalism and strained democratic institutions as tens of millions of Americans sank into an abyss of poverty. On top of this catastrophe was a severe drought that turned much of the American Southwest and Midwest into a barren Dust Bowl. Throughout this trying decade, Americans sought to define themselves across regions and as citizens while engaging in debates over the meaning of democracy, the efficacy of capitalism, and the relationship of these two systems to one another. This volume tells the stories of the ordinary and extraordinary people who engaged in those debates. It explains the causes and consequences of the Great Depression, with attention to the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the emergence of the New Deal; and foreign affairs.

Exploring the circulation of transformative policies, ideas, and forces that continue to reverberate in the present day, this tightly presented narrative will be of interest to students of American history, and particularly to undergraduate readers desiring a concise and engaging overview of the decade.

"A must-read." -Joel Mokyr, Nobel Prize-winning author of A Culture of Growth: The Origins of the Modern Economy

An illuminating, fine-grained account of how Indo-Arabic numerals facilitated the spread of practical knowledge in Western Europe-reshaping both commerce and mathematics in the process.

In the thirteenth-century Mediterranean, commerce transformed as merchants shifted from Roman to Indo-Arabic numerals-an alternative that better facilitated complex calculations. It has long been known that this transition stemmed from Europe's increasing exchanges with India, Persia, and the Arabic world. Yet much remains to be understood about how Indo-Arabic numerals-and the practical arithmetic they enabled-actually spread across Europe. As Raffaele Danna shows, it was hundreds of ordinary merchants, schoolmasters, and artisans who nurtured these changes, thereby driving key advances in both commerce and mathematics.

Drawing on an original catalog of more than 1,200 practical arithmetic manuals, Danna charts the incremental spread of the new figures with unprecedented precision. While Italian merchants were the early adopters, it took nearly three centuries for Indo-Arabic numerals to become established in northern Europe. As Danna shows, adoption did not follow the routes of maritime trade. Rather, Indo-Arabic numerals moved gradually across the continent through inland networks of practitioners. Everywhere they went, the ten figures enhanced commercial practices and facilitated the emergence of a coherent language of mathematical craft. The growing social circulation of this knowledge, in turn, had a lasting impact on the economic trajectory of Western Europe. By the late sixteenth century, even academics were absorbing lessons from the vernacular tradition-a development that led to the first major breakthroughs in European mathematical theory since antiquity.

Combining economic history with the social history of mathematics, The Craft of Indo-Arabic Numerals illuminates the integral role of practical arithmetic in both intellectual and commercial transformations across Western Europe.

A nuanced history of seafaring communities in the Indian Ocean, where the force of British imperial power depended on the expertise of local divers and sailors to feed a global demand for pearls.

In the late nineteenth century, thousands of men and boys across the northern rim of the Indian Ocean dove daily to the ocean floor in search of pearl-bearing oysters. It was the height of the so-called global pearl boom, driven by enormous demand for pearls in Europe and North America. Far removed from the showrooms of New York, London, and Paris, these divers drew on skills and expertise handed down across generations to conduct the dangerous work of hauling oysters up from the warm shallows. But they also faced a new challenge: the rise of British power in the Indian Ocean, where colonial officials relied heavily on local knowledge and labor to feed the lucrative pearling industry.

Tamara Fernando examines the transformations wrought by colonial extraction across the three primary sites that fed the pearl boom between 1850 and 1930: the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Mannar near Sri Lanka, and the Mergui Archipelago in Myanmar. British oversight transformed migration patterns and the dynamics of race and caste among divers, while imperial scientists regularly tested new technologies and techniques intended to improve oyster hauls. Yet even as the positions of local divers and sailors changed dramatically, their expertise remained paramount to the industry-until, in the 1930s, the depletion of oyster beds and the rise of lab-grown alternatives shuttered the market for natural pearls altogether.

A vivid account of how seafaring communities navigated these shifting tides, Shallow Blue Empire fundamentally recenters the human labor, animal lives, and environmental conditions that sustained a global obsession with pearls.

This edited collection presents an interdisciplinary assessment of the impact of migration on knowledge transmission and entrepreneurial innovation. Focusing on Italian migration to Europe and the Americas, the book analyses the socioeconomic transformations enabled by migration and fills an important gap in the literature on the economic history of migration.

Featuring contributions from fifteen scholars from around the world, the book presents a range of case studies and archival research that shows how the transmission of knowledge and skills, passed on by migrants in destination countries, represents a less-known but crucial aspect of the migration phenomenon. Chapters discuss the impact of Italian migrants in a range of contexts, with their entrepreneurial, professional, manual and craft skills significantly contributing to economic, cultural and industrial development in countries such as Chile, Argentina, Brazil and the US. Chapters bring out larger themes such as technological innovation, educational practices, institutional and public policies and experiences of short-term or temporary migration. The interdisciplinary framework of the book, bringing together economic historians, architects and sociologists, fosters unique perspectives and enriches our understanding of the economic impact of migration beyond simply linear economic growth. This will be a valuable resource for researchers of economic and business history, as well historians of migration, sociologists and demographers.

This open access book presents a groundbreaking new perspective on European imperialism in Africa, by focusing on the role of Dutch private entrepreneurs in colonial activities during the so-called 'Scramble for Africa'. Distinguishing between a state-based 'Partition of' and an actor-based 'Scramble for' Africa, the book illustrates this process by tracking the entrepreneurial strategy of a group of Dutch entrepreneurs in the Scramble, at a time when the Dutch state itself largely withdrew from the African continent. This book thus investigates why and how nineteenth-century Dutch entrepreneurs from the port city of Rotterdam invested significant resources in West and West Central Africa between the 1830s and the 1910s. It demonstrates the trans-national nature of colonial investments in the Scramble for Africa, highlighting the crucial role Dutch entrepreneurs played in trade, production and investment in empires across West and West Central Africa (the Congo Free State, French Congo and Portuguese Angola). The book aims to rethink the Dutch role in European imperialism more broadly and its repercussions in the present day.

The book takes into account the social and political implications of colonial entrepreneurship as much as the economic and business implications, going beyond a strictly entrepreneurial analysis of success and failure. It will be essential reading for scholars of economic and business history, as well as historians of imperialism, colonialism and trans-imperial relations.

From a leading historian, the story of how entrepreneurial Jewish immigrants transformed commercial banking and enabled the economic and social advancement of Jews in America.

What are immigrants to do when business opportunities abound in their new home, but banks refuse essential financial support? How could they make the journey in the first place without helping hands? In this lively history, Rebecca Kobrin chronicles the turn-of-the-twentieth-century Jewish immigrants who stepped up by doing the lending themselves. Arriving from the Russian Empire and settling primarily in New York, they made livelihoods by assisting fellow Jews so they could purchase passage to the United States and, after arriving, obtain credit that other lenders would not dare provide.

Credit to the Nation traces the novel practices of bankers who not only enabled the flourishing of American Jewry but also revolutionized the US financial industry. Drawing on previously unexamined archival materials in Russian, Yiddish, German, and English, Kobrin tells a story that is also crucial to the history of New York, as immigrant bankers' financing of real estate transformed wide swathes of the city. Lenders drove a boom in the prices of tenement buildings, but heavy speculation eventually precipitated the downfall of immigrant banking. Kobrin notes in particular the case of the Bank of United States-a private lender catering primarily to Jewish businessmen-which the Federal Reserve refused to bail out from bankruptcy in 1930.

Immigrants' grasping for credit, and the rise and fall of immigrant banks, gave way to a contemporary banking industry that, ironically, refuses credit to today's immigrants. Kobrin reminds us that now, as before, the denial of credit pushes entrepreneurial Americans into unregulated money-lending and the trap of endless debt.

This book provides a comprehensive exploration and reflection of the opportunities and challenges that have shaped India's growth trajectory in past seven decades. The book contains rigorously researched articles on various contemporary issues and debates around four broad key themes on-political economy appraisal, sectoral challenges, employment, labour and informality and social sector performance, offering conceptual understanding, critical analysis and policy implications. In addition to offering significant insights into recent emerging issues such as the agrarian crisis, non-performing assets (NPAs), post-COVID-19 transformations, shifts in the labor market due to artificial intelligence (AI), digitalization, and more, the book also explores the dominant theoretical discourses essential for comprehending India's political economy since independence till recent. The book offers actionable policy recommendations to address existing gaps between policies and practices of India's development trajectory. The book is particularly intended for research scholars and students, of economics, political science and development studies. Also, policymakers, institutions, general reader and academics worldwide who are interested in understanding the political aspect of Indian economy, its development trajectory, and the challenges and opportunities that nation faces at the cusp of completing 75 years of independence.

Urban Markets and Women's Labor: Navigating Institutional Boundaries in Premodern Europe

Women played a crucial role in medieval and early modern urban economies, yet their labor opportunities varied greatly depending on local institutions. This book compares the guild-structured labor markets of Antwerp and Mechelen in Brabant with Bilbao's informal economy in Biscay during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. By analyzing these distinct institutional contexts, it offers a multifaceted understanding of women's economic roles in premodern Europe. Drawing on a wide range of legislative and judicial sources, Vandeweerdt demonstrates how legal frameworks, socioeconomic structures, and individual strategies shaped women's activities in small-scale trade. Bridging institutional analysis and personal agency, Women and Work through a Comparative Lens sheds new light on the interplay between labor organization and everyday practices in premodern Europe.