アジア・中東・アフリカ・ラテンアメリカ・オセアニア — 全 下位分類

An eye-opening anthropological examination of masculinity, violence, and transnational migration focused on present-day Punjab.

In Coming of Age in Macholand, the anthropologist and filmmaker Harjant S. Gill shows how Punjabi men in India, disillusioned by promises for power and control, contend with patriarchy: by submitting to it, attempting to transgress it, migrating to escape it, and coming undone by it. Gill takes readers deep inside men's worlds to show how boys come of age and masculinity is produced through pervasive violence, while it is also underlined with intimacy in the form of fraternal love and homosocial bonds.

Based on four years of fieldwork carried out over a decade and hundreds of interviews, Gill explores how boys learn to become men against the backdrop of patriarchal constraints, political violence, changing agrarian economies, and outward migration. He also shows the great extent to which violence is a function and a reflection of powerlessness. By exploring the development of masculinity in a society where sexuality is sanctioned exclusively through heteronormative frameworks of marriage and family, this book documents how patriarchy forecloses sexual agency and emotional autonomy. Ultimately, it offers an indictment of patriarchy as a system that not only oppresses women but also constricts men's intimate and sexual choices.

Rus' and Mongol Rule presents the fullest examination in English to date of the economic and social history of Rus' from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries and the impact of Mongol rule. Lawrence N. Langer shows how the Mongols were a double-edged sword, encouraging trade while imposing a harsh tribute in silver, furs, and people. Among the topics examined are the Black Death, the demographic crisis and shortage of labor, taxation and administration, patterns of warfare, the growth of monasteries, the peasantry, and slavery.

Rus' and Mongol Rule begins with the Mongol conquest of Rus in 1237-1241 and ends with the death of Grand Prince Vasilli II and the ascension of his son, Ivan III "the Great" in 1462. Langer shows how the Rus' responded to the tribute by fashioning an administrative and taxation system that drew upon Mongol practice and Rus' tradition. Despite not attacking Novgorod, the Mongols had an enormous impact as the city reformed its administration to meet the demands of their tribute. Simultaneously the city was able to solidify its rights vis-a-vis the grand princes of Vladimir.

Langer gives particular attention to Novgorod and its administration. He also discusses Pskov, which often receives little scholarly attention. In concluding he discusses how the governmental apparatus of Rus evolved to include elements from the Mongols but also administrative practices not unlike those found in the medieval West as well as those traditions derived from Kyivan Rus.

How British intellectuals of the twentieth century reckoned with the emergence of an Asian power

Most historians of nineteenth and twentieth century Europe point to the persistence of racialised and hierarchical views of non-Europeans as "uncivilised." Yet these accounts overlook the profound intellectual impact of what contemporaries called the "awakening of Asia." In Rival Civilisations, Chika Tonooka shows how the rise of Japan after 1905 compelled British intellectuals to rethink fundamental questions about world order and human difference. Juxtaposing Japanese and British sources, Tonooka offers an innovative history of British Eurocentrism-its ebbs and flows and emergent pluralist alternatives-through the lens of British debates on Japan.

Tonooka describes how British intellectuals and commentators grappled with such issues as whether civilisation was singular or plural; whether the civilising mission in Asia might be more successfully undertaken as the "yellow man's burden"; whether non-Christians could be moral; and whether a world converging along Western lines was likely and even desirable. Even at the Empire's peak, British thinkers began to grasp that Britain could no longer take its civilisational preeminence for granted. But Tonooka also considers what these debates on Japan missed, arguing that British civilisational discourse consistently overlooked what she demonstrates to be the paradoxical nature of global modernity. As a result, these British blind spots repeatedly foreclosed anticipations of critical world political challenges that lay ahead. Her original and rigorous analysis will enable readers to identify analogous blind spots over the rise of China and its consequences for the global order.

This book honours the seminal contributions of William Beinart to southern African history and African Studies, with essays written by his former students and academic and professional colleagues. The scope of the essays in this volume speaks to the breadth of Beinart's influence, bringing together a number of intellectual strands and themes that cut across disciplines, chronologies, and geographies. Key themes explored include environment and nature, rural agriculture, popular politics, political violence, land reform, and the relationship between academia and activism. Beinart's influence is highlighted in each chapter, but the essays here also represent new research and new ways of thinking about long-standing debates. The book intends to stimulate a robust interdisciplinary and intergenerational dialogue on these topics, and to highlight emergent debates and themes of interest to the study and understanding of Africa's past.

This book challenges the long-prevailing interpretation of China's legal tradition as "virtue given priority over penalty," arguing that this proposition is a projection of modern Western rule-of-law discourse and fails to accurately reveal the structure of traditional Chinese legal thought. The author introduces the concept of "virtue as foundation, penalty as function"-framing "virtue" as the bedrock of ruling legitimacy, moral education, and social self-governance, while "penalty" serves as a necessary tool for upholding order. It offers a novel theoretical framework for scholars and interested readers worldwide to re-examine China's legal heritage and its embedded governance wisdom.

Crime in the Colonial City explores how and where colonial law take its shape by turning to the eighteenth-century courts, homes, and streets of the Indian cities of Pondichery and Chandernagor, two bustling and diverse French-ruled towns. By uncovering the dramatic details of five criminal investigations, Danna Agmon reveals how experiences with French law in India allowed colonized residents and their allies to assert control over their own fates by exploiting the flexibility - and weakness - of the French legal system, itself an aspirational symbol of colonial state power.

In theory, all residents of the French-ruled towns in India, regardless of their national, linguistic, ethnic, or religious background, were subject to French legal codes and the French Crown's sovereignty and jurisdiction. Reality, however, was more flexible. Crime in the Colonial City provides a never-before gained understanding of the social fabric of French colonialism in India, while also exploring the limits of legal institutions in the making of imperial sovereignty.

How should we understand the ideological foundations of a state that is simultaneously socialist, market-driven, digitally empowered, and globally influential? Toward a 'Constitutional' Socialist State offers a bold, multidimensional exploration of China's contemporary political evolution, revealing how competing legacies - revolutionary Marxism, constitutionalist aspirations, nationalist rhetoric, and rapid technological transformation - shape its current path.

Bringing together insights from political philosophy, economics, digital governance, and history, the book traces the evolving tensions between early Communist ideals and today's institutional realities. Rather than offering a closed or definitive model, it approaches these themes with an open and multidimensional analytical framework that reflects the complexity of the subject, inviting readers to grapple with ideas still taking shape. Engaging with themes of international relations, social imperialis, Marxist economic thought and the relationship between digital technology and the State, the author advances the provocative concept of constitutional socialism, arguing that safeguarding basic rights is essential to long-term political legitimacy. At its core is the provocative idea of constitutional socialism - the argument that China's long-term legitimacy hinges on protecting fundamental rights.

Wide-ranging, incisive, and rigorously argued, this work provides scholars, practitioners, and globally engaged readers with a fresh conceptual toolkit for assessing China's future trajectory. At a time when the world watches China with growing urgency, this book offers a rare intellectual lens on the ideological debates and structural dilemmas that will shape the century ahead.

A panoramic historical account of India's ascent in the global fossil economy

India is today one of the world's largest producers and consumers of fossil fuels, driving new investments in the global fossil economy and achieving record-breaking levels of coal extraction at home. As the planet burns from climate change, this entrenchment of fossil fuel dependence has left many searching for how we arrived at this point. Until the Last Ton provides a sweeping new appraisal of this planetary dilemma, uncovering how India became part of an emerging fossil capitalism that continues to shape the present.

Matthew Shutzer recasts the origins of the fossil economy by showing how European industrialization unleashed a global search for fossil energy in the colonial world. Placing India at the center of this history, Shutzer traces how the highland forests of eastern India became early frontiers for global coal investment, transforming this landscape into the largest site of imperial overseas coal production across a century of colonial rule. At the heart of these shifts was a legal framework of subterranean property, which redefined local relations of land ownership and social power, while tying the growth of India's fossil economy to the progressive ecological destruction of the forest frontier.

Following these dynamics into the postcolonial period, Until the Last Ton reveals the enduring impacts of colonial property on independent India's energy history, shedding new light on postwar struggles for energy development and resource sovereignty, as well as the violent conflicts over mining dispossession that have haunted India's economic ascent in an age of climate crisis.

This book covers the low fertility in China that has drawn wide attention and exerts a far-reaching influence on the population development. In this book, with population census and sample survey data, and mathematical demographic methods and statistical methods, the authors systematically examined China's fertility levels over the past decades, fertility patterns, changes in birth numbers, projected the future population and simulated the 4-2-1 family structure and families bereaved of their only child. The authors developed a series of models and methods, got some important results, and drew some important conclusions, which provides reference for understanding the changing trend in China's fertility levels and patters, and for further relaxing China's fertility policy.

Explores the history of the "science of development" during the Cold War and how experts across the social sciences tried to create the tools to address the problem of poverty across Latin America.

In the mid-twentieth century, Latin America had the world's starkest internal inequality. In Brazil in 1960, for example, the top 10% took upwards of 60% of the country's total income, while its entire bottom half took only 10%. As Patrick Iber shows in Poverty of the Imagination, this problem of poverty and social inequality focused the attention of social scientists on the task of articulating a "science of development." In the context of the Cold War, this project drew the attention of the U.S. government and the Ford Foundation, which hoped that peaceful development would prevent revolutions.

This book examines the five central frameworks that emerged to explain poverty: from dependency theory on the Marxist left to theories of modernization, the culture of poverty, and marginality in the center, to neoliberalism on the right. Iber shows how each rose (and fell) by connecting to political projects, from the War on Poverty in the United States to the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet in Chile. Through vivid portraits of key thinkers, he shows how each was shaped by the environment of the Cold War and the presence of the Ford Foundation. It is a story with surprising turns: what began for Ford as a Cold War project to support university "modernization" changed as dictatorships took control of much of the region. Then, Ford took the side of the dissidents, supporting an anti-poverty agenda for the restoration of democracy. A guide to some of the most important ideas in global development and Latin American studies alike, this book also shows how scholars and institutions faced down authoritarian threats-and won.

This monograph establishes a pioneering analytical framework to examine China's low-carbon transition through the synergistic interaction of financial innovation and technological empowerment. By integrating green finance, digital infrastructure and green credit policies with the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the monograph offers a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms driving sustainable development.

At the macro-urban level, this book demonstrates how financial innovation catalyzes AI adoption, yielding measurable improvements in energy efficiency and significant reductions in carbon intensity. At the micro-enterprise level, this book reveals how technological empowerment directly reduces energy intensity through digital technologies, with financial innovation further amplifying this impact via targeted credit mechanisms that incentivize exploratory innovation and ESG integration. By resolving the "dual-impact paradox" of technological solutions and quantifying multi-scalar policy efficacy, this book provides emerging economies with an empirically validated blueprint for synchronizing financial systems, digital disruption, and hierarchical governance in the global climate transition.

This multidisciplinary volume explores the multifaceted nature of inequality in Jamaica and other Latin American and Caribbean countries, offering nuanced solutions to address the persistently high inequality in the Global South. With a critical focus on Jamaica given its high levels of inequality linked to crime, social discontent, and persistent poverty, the collection also considers the broader context of Latin America and the Caribbean, highlighting the region's heterogeneity and the unique challenges faced by different countries.

The book demonstrates that inequality is not confined to the distribution of income (which largely dominates the literature), but also affects access to technological advancement, gender justice, time allocation in the household between men and women, and human rights consideration for young people. The contributors offer evidence-based solutions to address inequality in the Global South.

By examining the intersection of various domains such as human rights, youth empowerment, technology, and gender disparity, the book provides a comprehensive understanding of how these dimensions interact and affect different demographic groups. Intersecting Inequalities in Jamaica and Beyond is essential reading for policymakers, academics, and anyone interested in understanding and addressing the root causes of inequality in the Global South.

Examining the emergence of international public health policy between the 1930s and 80s, this book sheds light on the role that rural community health initiatives in South and Southeast Asia played in the movement towards 'primary health care' and 'health for all,' articulated ultimately at the 1978 International Conference on Primary Health Care in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan. The author argues that the movement was not directed exclusively from the headquarters of the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva, but also by institutions such as the Rockefeller Foundation's International Health Division in rural Southeast Asia, and through local community initiatives including the Bandung Plan for Health in Indonesia. The book illustrates how an exclusive association of global health with the emergence of the WHO in the 1950s fails to account for the local, national, or regional contexts that shaped the evolution of primary health care in South and Southeast Asia.

This book offers a unique analysis of the economic and political rise of the BRICS. It examines their contribution to the global economy and international institutions, as well as their contrasting interests and agendas. The BRICS' place within the global order is acknowledged to highlight the role they have in promoting sustainable development, encouraging South-South cooperation, developing new technologies, and participating in global governance. Understanding the trajectories of these emerging economies is essential for identifying new responses to contemporary global challenges.

Moving beyond Western-centric perspectives, the book explores both the opportunities and constraints facing the BRICS and other emerging economies, while also emphasizing the importance of identifying common ground to address present and future global issues. It will be of interest to students, scholars, and policymakers working in development economics, global governance, and international relations.

This book offers a comprehensive exploration of Medan's development, blending rigorous research with narrative flair to recreate the historical ambience of the city and its people. Divided into three sections, the book delves into the evolution of Medan and its strategic role in the plantation economy, examines the lives and contributions of its prominent Chinese community, and follows the rise and fall of European and Chinese enterprises.

The book draws upon multiple historical archives from the Netherlands, Indonesia, Singapore, China, Switzerland, and many more, combined with images and interviews. Together, these resources provide a compelling backdrop to the narratives of influential figures and also everyday people. By situating local developments within the broader context of global events-such as economic and political shifts in Asia-the book provides a thorough understanding of Medan's role as a truly cosmopolitan city in the Dutch Indies. The book is designed to invite readers into a unique past, using language and place names of the era to enhance authenticity.

The definitive biography of Enver Pasha, the larger-than-life Young Turk revolutionary who bent the arc of history and reshaped the modern Middle East and Eurasia

Enver Pasha (1881-1922) is a hotly contested figure whose career spanned the Young Turk Revolution, the First World War, the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, and the rise of global anti-colonialism. To millions he was an icon of hope and a folk hero. Others reviled him as a ruthless conspirator and a merciless sower of death. But all, from Kaiser Wilhelm II through Churchill to Stalin, found him a man of consequence. A Life Lived like a Storm tells the story of the man whom even a jealous rival, Mustafa Kemal Atatuerk, likened to the splendor of a setting sun.

The first biography of Enver to make use of an abundance of archival sources in multiple languages, this book radically transforms our understanding of Enver and his era. A reserved, pious boy from the Balkans schooled to become an elite officer in the Ottoman army, he vaulted to global fame in 1908 when he risked all to topple a repressive sultan's regime. Bloodied on Balkan and North African battlefields, Enver later seized power, imposed one-party rule, married a princess. He plunged his empire into a world war-and ultimately into defeat-but also laid the foundation for the Turkish Republic. Hunted for war crimes, he fled the empire to make common cause against colonialism with the Bolsheviks, only to take up the banner of Islam and die battling the Red Army in Central Asia as the son-in-law of the Caliph.

An epic account of a consequential life by one of our foremost historians, A Life Lived like a Storm paints a riveting, multifaceted portrait of a man whose boundless ambition and lust for peril put him at the center of the collapse of one world and the birth of another.

This book focuses on sudden deaths of African leaders. In doing so, it addresses aspects such as resulting political tensions, issues with regards to law, the constitution, and presidential succession, following a sudden death. It further sheds light on the role of media in constructing and disseminating narratives in the event of sudden deaths of political leaders in Africa. The book brings together established and emerging scholars from ten African countries namely: Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Chad, Nigeria, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Mozambique.

Authors have applied multiple methodological approaches using data collected from media discourses, documentaries, archival information which makes the book a valuable source of literature for future students, scholars, researchers, and policy makers. Generally, the book will be of an interest across the interdisciplinary fields including linguistics; journalism; political studies; psychology; communication; history, law, sociology, security studies, international relations. and culture.